State of Maine v. Jeffrey A. Cookson

MAINE SUPREME JUDICIAL COURT Reporter of Decisions
Decision: 2019 ME 30
Docket: Pen-18-258
Argued: February 4, 2019
Decided: February 26, 2019

Panel: SAUFLEY, C.J., and ALEXANDER, GORMAN, JABAR, HJELM, and CLIFFORD, JJ.


STATE OF MAINE

v.

JEFFREY A. COOKSON


JABAR, J.

[¶1] Jeffrey A. Cookson appeals from a judgment entered by the Superior

Court (Penobscot County, Cole, C.J.) denying his motion for a new trial, which he

brought pursuant to Maine’s post-conviction DNA analysis statute, see 15 M.R.S.

§§ 2136-2138 (2018).

[¶2] The focal point of this appeal is one of the “prerequisites” for

obtaining a new trial based on newly discovered DNA evidence: “a showing that

only the perpetrator of the crime could be the source of the DNA evidence . . . .”

See State v. Reese, 2013 ME 10, ¶¶ 19, 23, 60 A.3d 1277. Because we discern no

error in the court’s denial of Cookson’s motion for a new trial, we affirm the

judgment.
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I. BACKGROUND

[¶3] In December 2001, Cookson was convicted of two counts of murder

following a jury trial. Immediately after the jury returned its verdict, Cookson’s

counsel informed the court and the State that David Vantol had recently

confessed to committing the murders for which Cookson had just been found

guilty. Cookson has since filed multiple post-judgment motions; this appeal

marks the fourth time that Cookson has appealed a post-judgment court order.

See generally Cookson v. State, 2014 ME 24, 86 A.3d 1186; Cookson v. State,

2011 ME 53, 17 A.3d 1208; State v. Cookson, 2003 ME 136, 837 A.2d 101.

[¶4] The present appeal concerns Cookson’s motion for a new trial based

on mitochondrial DNA testing that was performed in April 2016 at his request.

The test compared the DNA from a single hair that was recovered from the palm

of one of the victim’s hands to the DNA of Cookson and Vantol. The results of

the DNA analysis excluded Cookson as the source of the hair, and were

inconclusive as to Vantol.

[¶5] Based on the DNA results, Cookson moved for a new trial pursuant

to 15 M.R.S. § 2138. Following an evidentiary hearing, the parties entered

stipulations into the record and submitted written arguments. The court then
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denied Cookson’s motion for a new trial. Cookson timely appeals. See 15 M.R.S.

§ 2138(11); M.R. App. P. 2B(b)(1).

II. DISCUSSION

[¶6] “To obtain a new trial based on newly discovered DNA evidence

obtained through a post[-]judgment motion for DNA analysis, a defendant must

establish by clear and convincing evidence one of three statutorily identified

reasons for the granting of a new trial.”1 Reese, 2013 ME 10, ¶ 23, 60 A.3d 1277.

Maine’s post-conviction DNA analysis statute imposes the following standard

on courts charged with determining whether to grant a new trial:

If the results of the DNA testing under this section show that the
person is not the source of the evidence, the person authorized in
section 2137 must show by clear and convincing evidence that:

A. Only the perpetrator of the crime or crimes for which the
person was convicted could be the source of the evidence, and that
the DNA test results, when considered with all the other evidence
in the case, old and new, admitted in the hearing conducted under
this section on behalf of the person show that the person is actually
innocent. . . .

B. Only the perpetrator of the crime or crimes for which the
person was convicted could be the source of the evidence, and that
the DNA test results, when considered with all the other evidence
in the case, old and new, admitted in the hearing conducted under

1 In the present case, Cookson asserts that he is entitled to relief based on two of the three

statutory bases. See 15 M.R.S. § 2138(10)(A)-(B) (2018). Cookson waived his right to relief pursuant
to the third statutory basis, see 15 M.R.S. § 2138(10)(C), stating that he must “concede that for
purposes of this DNA review [§ 2138(10)(C)] will tragically not provide [him] relief solely because
trial counsel could have obtained these same results before trial.”
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this section on behalf of the person would make it probable that a
different verdict would result upon a new trial . . . .

15 M.R.S. § 2138(10)(A)-(B). Therefore, with regard to both subsections,

Cookson has the burden of establishing, by clear and convincing evidence, that

only the perpetrator of the crimes for which he was convicted could be the

source of the hair. See id.; Reese, 2013 ME 10, ¶ 23, 60 A.3d 1277.

[¶7] In denying Cookson’s motion for a new trial, the court made the

following relevant findings:

The court finds that subsections (A) and (B) likewise cannot
provide to Petitioner the requested relief in this matter. Both
subsections require “only the perpetrator of the crime or crimes for
which the person was convicted could be the source of the
evidence,” yet Cookson has not shown by clear and convincing
evidence that the hair in question could have belonged to no one
but the perpetrator of the crime . . . . [M]any unexplored and
plausible scenarios involving several possible sources of the hair
could have led to the hair falling into [the victim’s] hand. The
record is simply absent of clear and convincing evidence that the
hair was related to the murders at all, and much less that it could
have only come from the perpetrator.

[¶8] Cookson contends that because there was evidence of a scuffle at

the crime scene, only the perpetrator’s hair could have ended up in the victim’s

hand, and therefore the court erred by finding that he failed to meet his burden

of proving, by clear and convincing evidence, that the hair found in the victim’s
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hand belonged to the perpetrator of the crimes.2 “Because the court in the

matter before us determined that the perpetrator was not the only possible

source of the DNA,” and because Cookson has conceded that he is not entitled

to relief pursuant to 15 M.R.S. § 2138(10)(C), we must determine “whether the

court erred in determining that the DNA could have come from a source other

than the perpetrator of the crime . . . .” See Reese, 2013 ME 10, ¶ 24, 60 A.3d

1277.

We review a court’s factual findings on a motion for a new trial for
clear error. . . . Additionally, when reviewing on appeal findings of
fact that must be proved by clear and convincing evidence, we
determine whether the factfinder could reasonably have been
persuaded that the required factual finding was or was not proved
to be highly probable.

State v. Bates, 2018 ME 5, ¶ 10, 177 A.3d 621 (quotation marks omitted).

[¶9] Contrary to Cookson’s contentions, nothing about the hair found in

the victim’s hand tends to support, by clear and convincing evidence, his claim

that the hair could only belong to the perpetrator. See Cooper v. Brown,

2 Additionally, Cookson contends that the court erred in its interpretation of the statute by not

conforming to the statutorily articulated standard of clear and convincing evidence. Contrary to
Cookson’s argument, the court properly stated and applied the clear and convincing standard to the
facts of this case. The fact that the court drew attention to the hair sample not being compared with
the victims’ DNA, and the wide-array of people who have “slept in the bed” or “resided in the home,”
is not indicative of an erroneous interpretation of the prerequisite in § 2138(10)(A)-(B). Rather, it is
merely the reasoning used by the court in addressing its finding that Cookson failed to meet his
burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that only the perpetrator of the crime could be
the source of the hair. See Reese, 2013 ME 10, ¶ 29, 60 A.3d 1277.
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510 F.3d 870, 881 (9th Cir. 2007) (“Only hairs with anagen roots can be used to

identify an assailant because only they, as contrasted with a cut or broken hair,

can indicate that the victim may have pulled the perpetrator’s hair in a

struggle.”). As the court properly found, the hair could have come from other

sources, such as either victim, the individual who discovered the victim’s body

and “checked her pulse,” or from any other person that slept in the bed or

resided in the home. See United States v. MacDonald, 966 F.2d 854, 860

(4th Cir. 1992) (“The most that can be said about the evidence is that it raises

speculation concerning its origins. Furthermore, the origins of the hair . . . have

several likely explanations other than [the perpetrator].”)

III. CONCLUSION

[¶10] Because the court did not err in its determination that Cookson

failed to prove by clear and convincing evidence that the hair found on the

victim could only have come from the perpetrator of the crime, the court did

not err in denying Cookson’s motion for a new trial. See Reese, 2013 ME 10,

¶¶ 25-28, 60 A.3d 1277.

The entry is:

Judgment affirmed.

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Richard L. Hartley, Esq. (orally), Law Office of Richard L. Hartley, P.C., Bangor,
for appellant Jeffrey A. Cookson

Janet T. Mills, Attorney General, and Donald W. Macomber, Asst. Atty. Gen.
(orally), Office of the Attorney General, Augusta, for appellee State of Maine


Penobscot County Superior Court docket number CR-2000-11
FOR CLERK REFERENCE ONLY