In the Interest of K.A., C.A., and A.A., Minor Children

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 22-1167
Filed November 17, 2022

IN THE INTEREST OF K.A., C.A., and A.A.,
Minor Children,

S.A., Mother,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Winnebago County,

Karen Kaufman Salic, District Associate Judge.

A mother appeals the removal of children from her custody in child-in-need-

of-assistance proceedings. APPEAL DISMISSED.

Jane M. Wright, Forest City, for appellant mother.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, and Mary A. Triick, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee State.

Carrie Jean Rodriguez, Garner, attorney and guardian ad litem for minor

children.

Considered by Tabor, P.J., and Schumacher and Chicchelly, JJ.
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SCHUMACHER, Judge.

A mother appeals the removal of children from her custody in child-in-need-

of-assistance proceedings. We dismiss the mother’s claims regarding removal of

the children because the issue is moot.

I. Background Facts & Proceedings

S.A., mother,1 and E.A., father, are the parents of K.A., born in 2019, C.A.,

born in 2020, and A.A., born in 2021. On April 19, 2022, the children were removed

from the father’s custody following an incident of domestic violence, where the

mother was the victim. The children remained in the mother’s custody. The State

filed a petition alleging the children were in need of assistance (CINA).

On May 20, the children were removed from the mother’s custody based on

concerns about the mother’s parenting of the children. There was information the

mother locked the children in their bedroom and they had chronic diaper rash.

There were also concerns the mother might be planning to flee from Iowa with the

children. The children were placed with a paternal aunt.

An adjudication and removal hearing was held on May 27. The mother

agreed to CINA adjudication for the children but contested their removal from her

custody. The court adjudicated the children under Iowa Code

section 232.2(6)(c)(2) and (n) (2022).

At the removal and adjudication hearing, the mother objected to these

exhibits: No. 6—a letter from Molly Eichenberger, ARNP; No. 8—the termination

1 The mother has four other children. Two of the children live with their father, and
the mother is permitted supervised visitation. Another child was voluntarily placed
with a relative. The mother’s parental rights to the fourth child were terminated.
3

order for an older child; No. 9—a photograph of a latching device on the children’s

bedroom door; No. 10—a photograph of moldy sippy cups; and No. 11—a

photograph of diaper rash. The mother objected on the grounds of foundation and

authentication. During the hearing, the court ruled the exhibits were admissible

because they were provided to a child protective worker for the Iowa Department

of Human Services2 as part of her investigation.

The court ruled that the children should be placed in foster care because

“[t]he animosity between Mother and [the paternal aunt] is not conducive to

reunification.” There were also concerns because the paternal aunt continued to

have contact with the father and there was a no-contact order prohibiting the father

from having contact with the children. On May 28, the children were placed in

foster care.

A dispositional hearing was held on June 24. A representative from the

department recommended the children be returned to the mother with continued

services. The State asserted, “I am hesitantly in agreement with that

recommendation, provided that plenty of services are in place for both mother and

the children once they are returned—or if they are returned to her home.” The

guardian ad litem stated it was not in the children’s best interests to be returned at

that time. The mother asked to have the children returned to her custody.

In the dispositional order, the court expressed concerns about other adults

living in the mother’s home and their use of illegal drugs. The court found, “The

problems for which the Court became involved have not resolved.” The court

2The department is now known as the Iowa Department of Health and Human
Services.
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determined the children should remain in foster care. The mother appealed

following the entry of the dispositional order. On September 16, following hearing,

the children were returned to the mother’s custody.

II. Standard of Review

The juvenile court’s decisions in CINA proceedings are reviewed de novo.

In re L.H., 904 N.W.2d 145, 149 (Iowa 2017). We are not bound by the factual

findings of the juvenile court, but we give weight to those findings. In re J.S., 846

N.W.2d 36, 40 (Iowa 2014). The court’s “determinations must be based upon clear

and convincing evidence.” Id. at 41. Our primary consideration is the best interests

of the children. In re D.S., 563 N.W.2d 12, 14 (Iowa Ct. App. 1997).

III. Discussion

A. The mother agreed to the CINA adjudication for the children. The

mother stated, “I’m okay with adjudication.” The court found the children should

be adjudicated under section 232.2(6)(c)(2) and (n). Because the mother did not

contest the adjudication, we do not address the propriety of the CINA adjudication

in this appeal. See In re M.A.F., 679 N.W.2d 683, 685 (Iowa Ct. App. 2004)

(“Under our rules of civil procedure, an issue which is not raised before the juvenile

court may not be raised for the first time on appeal.”).

B. At the adjudication hearing, the mother challenged the removal of the

children from her custody. A similar issue was raised in In re E.M., where a parent

asserted that even if the CINA adjudication was affirmed, the evidence did not

show that the children should be removed. No. 20-1722, 2021 WL 811135, at *2

(Iowa Ct. App. Mar. 3, 2021). We stated, “However, we cannot go back in time

and restore custody based on alleged errors in the initial removal order.” Id.
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“Ordinarily, an appeal is moot if the ‘issue becomes nonexistent or academic and,

consequently, no longer involves a justiciable controversy.’” In re B.B., 826

N.W.2d 425, 428 (Iowa 2013) (citation omitted). The removal of the children at the

time of the adjudication hearing is now moot. See In re A.M.H., 516 N.W.2d 867,

871 (Iowa 1994) (holding that following an adjudication order and dispositional

order, any error committed in granting the initial removal order was moot).

On the issue of the initial removal of the children, the mother’s complaints

about the admission of certain exhibits are also moot. See In re A.G., No. 12-

0393, 2012 WL 1454021, at *2 (Iowa Ct. App. Apr. 25, 2012) (finding that

arguments regarding the admission of evidence were moot where the underlying

issue could not be addressed); In re E.S., No. 06-1146, 2006 WL 2563375, at *3

(Iowa Ct. App. Sept. 7, 2006) (same). Even if we were to find the exhibits were

improperly admitted, the removal of the children at the time of the adjudication

cannot be undone. See A.M.H., 516 N.W.2d at 871 (finding that any error in

granting the removal at the time of the adjudication cannot now be remedied,

making the issue moot).

C. The mother contends the children should have been returned to her

custody at the time of the dispositional ruling on June 24. The State does not

respond to this issue, stating that it urged the court to return the children to the

mother at the time of the dispositional hearing. See In re J.L., 973 N.W.2d 895,

899 n.1 (Iowa Ct. App. 2022) (noting that as an appellee, the State “cannot

challenge the adverse ruling on appeal”).

The children were returned to the mother’s custody on September 16.

Although this information is outside the record on appeal, as the notice of appeal
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was filed on July 9, “[w]e may consider matters technically outside the record to

establish or counter a claim of mootness.” See In re A.R., No. 21-0340, 2021 WL

2453377, at *1 (Iowa Ct. App. June 16, 2021) (citing In re L.H., 480 N.W.2d 43, 45

(Iowa 1992)).

As noted, “an appeal is moot if the ‘issue becomes nonexistent or academic

and, consequently, no longer involves a justiciable controversy.’” B.B., 826

N.W.2d at 428 (citation omitted). In the case In re D.B., a mother appealed an ex

parte removal order, adjudicatory order, and dispositional order, claiming her

children should be returned to her custody. No. 11-2116, 2012 WL 666842, at *1

(Iowa Ct. App. Feb. 29, 2012). Following these orders, the children were returned

to the mother’s custody. Id. We found “the district court’s denial of [the mother’s]

request that the children be returned to her care following the adjudicatory order

and the . . . dispositional order has been resolved.” Id. “Therefore, the district

court’s . . . decision to return the children to [the mother] renders this issue on

appeal moot and we accordingly dismiss this claim.” Id.

We conclude the mother’s request to have the children returned to her

custody at the time of the dispositional hearing on June 24 is now moot, as the

children were returned to her custody on September 16. Whether the children

should be returned to her custody is now nonexistent or academic, and so no

longer presents a justiciable controversy. See B.B., 826 N.W.2d at 428.

We dismiss the mother’s claims regarding removal of the children because

the issue is moot.

APPEAL DISMISSED.