Chin v. Chin

NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAI I REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

Electronically Filed
Intermediate Court of Appeals
CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
17-JUN-2025
09:23 AM
Dkt. 44 SO
NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS

OF THE STATE OF HAWAI I

VIRGINIA CHIN, Petitioner-Appellee, v.
RICHARD CHIN, Respondent-Appellant

APPEAL FROM THE FAMILY COURT OF THE THIRD CIRCUIT
(CASE NO. 3FDA-XX-XXXXXXX)

SUMMARY DISPOSITION ORDER
(Leonard, Acting Chief Judge, Nakasone and Guidry, JJ.)
Respondent-Appellant Richard Chin (Richard) appeals

from the July 31, 2023 Order for Protection (Order for

Protection) entered by the South Kohala Division of the Family

Court of the Third Circuit (Family Court).1

Richard raises two points of error on appeal,

contending that the Family Court erred when: (1) it continued

the "show-cause hearing" beyond the 15-day deadline set forth in

Hawaii Revised Statutes (HRS) § 586-5(b) (2018);2 and (2) it

concluded that Richard failed to show cause that an order of

protection was unnecessary based on the facts adduced at the

evidentiary hearing held on July 31, 2023.

1
The Honorable Jill M. Hasegawa presided.
2
The Honorable Joseph Florendo presided.
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Upon careful review of the record and the briefs

submitted by the parties, and having given due consideration to

the arguments advanced and the issues raised, we resolve

Richard's points of error as follows:

Richard's second point of error is dispositive.

Richard argues that the Order for Protection must be reversed

because there was insufficient evidence to support it. It is

undisputed that the Order for Protection was based on alleged

"domestic abuse," in particular, an allegation of "extreme

psychological abuse" as defined in HRS § 586-1 (2018 & Supp.

2021), which provides, in relevant part:
§ 586-1 Definitions. As used in this chapter:

. . . .

"Domestic abuse" means:

(1) Physical harm, bodily injury, assault, or the
threat of imminent physical harm, bodily injury,
or assault, extreme psychological abuse,
coercive control, or malicious property damage
between family or household members; or

. . . .

"Extreme psychological abuse" means an intentional or
knowing course of conduct directed at an individual that
seriously alarms or disturbs consistently or continually
bothers the individual, and that serves no legitimate
purpose; provided that such course of conduct would cause a
reasonable person to suffer extreme emotional distress.

(Emphasis added).
At the conclusion of the evidentiary hearing, the

Family Court ruled as follows:
So in looking at whether or not domestic abuse occurs,
as the Court explained at the start of this hearing, there
are a number of different things. There's the
coercive-control factor, but there's also the extreme
psychological abuse. There's actual physical harm, bodily
injury, assault, or the threat of physical harm, injury, or
assault.

In hearing the testimony of the parties and reviewing
the texts, as to the coercive control, I struggled on this

2
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because I understand the parties are going through a very
bitter divorce.

And yes, Mr. Chin, quote, texted things he shouldn't
have. But Ms. Chin kind of gave as good as she got on some
of those text messages in terms of the coercive control in
terms of parties' behaviors. Neither party's behaviors was
exemplary or -- and that behavior needs to stop.

And so I didn't really find that. But what I did find
concerning and more the psychological abuse or the threat
was the text regarding the tour boat discovers woman
floating in deep waters off Oahu.

I understand, Mr. Chin, if I picked on that article,
to her it might have said something completely different.
But looking at the action and what was in the text, it was
disturbing. And in light of all of the other information
regarding the parties, after reviewing the evidence, I am
finding that there is a sufficient basis to grant an Order
for Protection making a finding of abuse.

And I'm gonna grant the Order for Protection for a
period of one year.

(Emphasis added).

Richard argues, inter alia, that the Family Court did

not find, nor did Petitioner-Appellee Virginia Chin (Virginia)

offer any evidence that the text was "part of a course of

conduct" that seriously alarmed or disturbed consistently or

continually bothered Virginia.

In her Answering Brief, Virginia points to no other

action evidenced in the record constituting an act of extreme

psychological abuse and, upon review, we find none. 3 In fact,

Virginia points to that single text as sufficient to meet the

statutory requirement for establishing extreme psychological

abuse by a preponderance of the evidence.

As set forth above, the statutory requirements for

extreme psychological abuse involve a course of conduct. It is

well recognized in Hawai i law that a course of conduct involves

a pattern or series of acts, i.e., multiple acts, not a single

3
Virginia makes no citations to the record whatsoever.

3
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act. See, e.g. HRS § 604-10.5(a) (2016) ("'Course of conduct'

means a pattern of conduct composed of a series of acts over any

period of time evidencing a continuity of purpose."); Daoang v.

Perry, 155 Hawai i 157, 165, 557 P.3d 886, 894 (2024) (citing

Duarte v. Young, 134 Hawai i 459, 463, 342 P.3d 878, 882 (App.

2014) ("a single act does not constitute a 'course of

conduct'")). Accordingly, Richard's single text does not

constitute a course of conduct under HRS § 586-1 and the District

Court clearly erred in entering the Order for Protection based on

that single act, notwithstanding the acrimony between the parties

who were in the midst of their bitterly contentious divorce.

For these reasons, the Family Court's Order for

Protection is reversed.4

DATED: Honolulu, Hawai i, June 17, 2025.

On the briefs: /s/ Katherine G. Leonard
Acting Chief Judge
Daniel S. Peters,
for Respondent-Appellant. /s/ Karen T. Nakasone
Associate Judge
E.F. Cash-Dudley,
for Petitioner-Appellee. /s/ Kimberly T. Guidry
Associate Judge

4
Accordingly, we need not address Richard's first point of error.

4