SAYU-CASAS v. NOEM et al

O
1 / 5
UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
LAREDO DIVISION
AGUSTIN CECILIO SAYU-CASAS,
Petitioner,
§
§
§
§
§
§
§
V. 	CIVIL ACTION NO. 5:26-CV-00332
MARKWAYNE MULLIN, ET AL.,1
Respondents.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Petitioner is currently detained in federal immigration custody in Texas. Before
the Court is Petitioner’s Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus Under 28 U.S.C. § 2241, (Dkt.
No. 1), and Respondents’ Motion for Summary Judgment, (Dkt. No. 6).
The Court finds that Petitioner’s deprivation of liberty without constitutionally
adequate procedures is a violation of his due process rights, and the failure to provide
due process warrants his release. For the reasons stated below, Petitioner’s Petition for
Writ of Habeas Corpus is granted in part. Respondents are ordered to release Petitioner
by June 3, 2026, at 5:00 p.m. The parties are ordered to notify the Court of the status
of Petitioner’s release by June 4, 2026, at 5:00 p.m.
I. BACKGROUND
A. Factual Background
Petitioner, a citizen of Cuba, challenges his ongoing detention without a bond
hearing. Petitioner entered the United States without inspection in 2022. (See Dkt. No.
1 at 4).2 Shortly after entering the United States, Petitioner was apprehended by
immigration officials and subsequently released. (Id.; Dkt. No. 6 at 2). Petitioner
1 Markwayne Mullin is automatically substituted for Kristi Noem in this case under Federal Rule
of Civil Procedure 25(d). Todd Blanche is automatically substituted for Pamela Bondi in this case under the
same rule. The Clerk of Court is DIRECTED to substitute these parties on the docket sheet.
2 When citing to the page numbers of any document in the record, the Court will cite to the page
numbering of the Court’s internal CM/ECF docket system, and not to the page numbers in the underlying
documents.
United States District Court
Southern District of Texas
ENTERED
June 02, 2026
Nathan Ochsner, Clerk
Case 5:26-cv-00332 Document 8 Filed 06/02/26 in TXSD Page 1 of 5

2 / 5
represents 	that 	he 	has 	no 	criminal 	history 	or 	history 	of 	missed 	immigration
appointments. (Dkt. No. 1 at 9).
On November 5, 2025, Petitioner was re-detained at a routine ICE check-in
appointment. (Id. at 4). Petitioner was scheduled for a bond hearing, however the
Immigration Judge did not hold the hearing, citing a lack of jurisdiction. (Id. at 5; Dkt.
No. 6 at 2). On January 22, 2026, Petitioner was ordered removed. (Dkt. No. 6-2).
However, he filed a timely appeal, so his removal order is not final. (Id.); 8 C.F.R.
§ 1241.1.
B. Legal Background
The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and Department of Justice (DOJ)
released interim guidance in July 2025, announcing a new legal position on detention
authorities for noncitizens. The guidance interpreted the mandatory detention provision
of Section 235 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA), or 8 U.S.C. § 1225, as
applying to the detention of all “applicants for admission,” including all noncitizens who
have not been admitted, whether they arrive at a port of entry or enter without
inspection. This position was adopted by the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) in
September 2025. Matter of Yajure Hurtado, 29 I. & N. Dec. 216 (BIA 2025).
In the months following the shift in policy, federal district courts across the
country found the Government’s interpretation at odds with the text of the statute and
ordered bond hearings, or release, for noncitizens subject to mandatory detention under
the policy. See, e.g., Barco Mercado v. Francis, No. 25-CV-6582, 2025 WL 3295903, at *4,
n.22 (S.D.N.Y. Nov. 26, 2025) (collecting cases). In February 2026, the Fifth Circuit held
that Section 1225(b)(2) applies to all applicants for admission, regardless of whether they
are actively “seeking admission” when they are detained. Buenrostro-Mendez v. Bondi,
166 F.4th 494, 502 (5th Cir. 2026). However, Buenrostro did not address the validity of
due process claims such as those raised by Petitioner in this case. See, e.g., Bonilla Chicas
v. Warden, No. 5:26-CV-131, 2026 WL 539475, at *4–5 (S.D. Tex. Feb. 20, 2026); see also
Padron Covarrubias v. Vergara, No. 5:25-CV-112, 2025 WL 2950097 (S.D. Tex. Oct. 8,
2025), overruled by Buenrostro-Mendez, 166 F.4th 494 (explaining the Court’s prior
Case 5:26-cv-00332 Document 8 Filed 06/02/26 in TXSD Page 2 of 5

3 / 5
statutory interpretation of Section 1225).
C. Procedural Background
Petitioner filed the instant petition for a writ of habeas corpus, maintaining that
he is entitled to release from detention. In his petition, Petitioner raises several claims
for relief: violation of Immigration and Nationality Act Section 1226(a); violation of due
process under the Fifth Amendment; and a request for relief under the Maldonado
Bautista class action. Petitioner requests, among other things, that this Court declare
his detention unlawful and immediately release him from custody or provide a bond
hearing.
II. DISCUSSION
Respondents move for summary judgment, asserting that Petitioner is subject to
mandatory detention pursuant to Buenrostro and that his detention does not violate due
process. The Court principally addresses Petitioner’s procedural due process claim and
finds that his detention violates due process.3 The Court incorporates the legal standards
and analysis applied in its prior order granting a petition for a writ of habeas corpus
under similar facts. Lopez Moncebais v. Bondi, No. 5:26-CV-268, slip op. (S.D. Tex. Mar.
27, 2026).
There, this Court found that Buenrostro does not foreclose due process challenges
to mandatory detention, a noncitizen subject to mandatory detention may bring an as-
applied due process challenge to 8 U.S.C. Section 1225(b)(2), Supreme Court precedent
does not foreclose that type of challenge, and liberty interests in freedom from detention
must be protected by due process of law, including individualized justification for civil
detention. See id. The Court then applied the balancing test from Mathews v. Eldridge
and found that the petitioner’s procedural due process rights had been violated. Id. at 13
(citing Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319, 333 (1976)). The Court ordered immediate
release for the due process violation. Id. at 17.
The Court finds that the same reasoning applies to these facts, though Petitioner’s
length of presence in the United States is factually distinct from Lopez Moncebais.
3 Because the Court grants Petitioner’s requested relief without consideration of his other claims,
the Court will decline to address the merits of those claims.
Case 5:26-cv-00332 Document 8 Filed 06/02/26 in TXSD Page 3 of 5

4 / 5
Petitioner has resided in the United States since 2022. The Court’s reasoning in Lopez
Moncebais relied on the petitioner’s length of residence in the United States in evaluating
his liberty interest. Here, the Court finds that Petitioner’s residence in the United States
since 2022 still creates a sufficient liberty interest to require that his detention is
safeguarded with constitutionally adequate procedures, including an individualized
determination of whether he should be detained.
Additionally, the Court has previously found that a prior release like Petitioner’s
strengthens the liberty interest of a noncitizen because their release created an
expectation that they would be free from detention during the pendency of their removal
proceedings. Bonilla Barrios v. Noem, No. 5:26-cv-172, slip op. at 4 (S.D. Tex. Apr. 2,
2026). As the Court explained there, liberty interests “may arise from an expectation or
interest created by state laws of policies.” Wilkinson v. Austin, 545 U.S. 209, 221 (2005).
In this case, Petitioner had an expectation, in addition to his residence since 2022, that
he would be free from detention or at least entitled to seek bond while his removal
proceedings were pending. He was released from detention in 2022 and spent over three
years out of custody before he was re-detained. Respondents do not assert that Petitioner
violated any conditions of his release. Petitioner appeared for a standard ICE check-in
appointment and was taken into custody without any advance warning or explanation.
That expectation interest strengthens his liberty interest. The Court also notes that
several cases analyzed for their persuasive authority in Lopez Moncebais similarly
considered prior release as a factor strengthening the liberty interest of noncitizens
detained under Section 1225(b)(2) without a bond hearing. See Lopez Moncebais, No.
5:26-CV-268, slip op. at 7 n.6 (collecting cases).
For these reasons and the reasons discussed in the Court’s analysis in Lopez
Moncebais, the Court finds that Petitioner’s detention violates his rights under the Due
Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment, he is entitled to relief, and the appropriate
remedy is to order Petitioner’s immediate release from custody.4
III. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, Petitioner’s Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus Under
4 A district court has equitable discretion in determining the appropriate remedy “as law and justice
require” for unlawful detention in a habeas petition. See Brown v. Davenport, 596 U.S. 118, 127–28 (2022).
Case 5:26-cv-00332 Document 8 Filed 06/02/26 in TXSD Page 4 of 5

5 / 5
28 U.S.C. § 2241, (Dkt. No. 1), is GRANTED 	in 	part and DENIED 	in 	part.
Respondents’ Motion for Summary Judgment, (Dkt. No. 6), is DENIED.
Respondents are ORDERED to RELEASE Petitioner from custody by June 3,
2026, at 5:00 p.m., under reasonable conditions of release, and to submit a status report
to the Court confirming Petitioner’s release by June 4, 2026, at 5:00 p.m. Respondents
must notify Petitioner’s counsel of the exact time and location of Petitioner's release no
less than two hours prior to Petitioner’s release from custody. Respondents are ordered
to return Petitioner’s identity documents and personal effects upon his release.
All other relief requested by Petitioner is DENIED.
If Petitioner is re-detained, Petitioner must be afforded procedural due process as
guaranteed by the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment.
A final judgment will follow.
It is so ORDERED.
SIGNED on June 2, 2026.
______________________________
John A. Kazen
United States District Judge
The Court finds that the specific harm Petitioner suffered—unlawful deprivation of liberty without due
process—is remedied by granting his immediate release, rather than ordering a bond hearing. As explained
in Lopez Moncebais, “[t]he Court recognizes the weight of its decision to order Petitioner’s release from
custody .” No. 5:26-CV-268, slip op. at 16. Though, the Court reaches this conclusion for several reasons.
First, the Fifth Circuit has held that Section 1226(a), which provides for a bond hearing, does not apply
to any applicants for admission. Buenrostro-Mendez, 166 F.4th 494. Additionally, a hearing after
Petitioner’s unjustified deprivation of liberty does not cure the deprivation. See Bonilla Chicas, No.
5:26 CV-131, 2026 WL 539475, at *12. Finally, the Court finds that an Immigration Judge would be
unlikely to hold the bond hearing if ordered because the BIA’s position is that there is no jurisdiction
to hold bond hearings for all applicants for admission detained under Section 1225(b)(2). Matter of
Yajure Hurtado, 29 I. & N. Dec. 216; see also Rojas v. Noem, No. EP-25-CV-443, 2025 WL 3038262, at
*4, n.2.
Case 5:26-cv-00332 Document 8 Filed 06/02/26 in TXSD Page 5 of 5