GRAY v. SKALLA et al

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
LINWOOD GRAY, )
)
Plaintiff, )
)
v. ) Civil Action No. 25-4158 (UNA)
)
A.U.S.A. BARBARA S. SKALLA, et al., )
)
Defendants. )
Memorandum Opinion
Plaintiff brings this action against three Assistant United States Attorneys who prosecuted
the criminal case against him in the United States District Court for the District of Maryland. See
ECF No. 1 at 3. He alleges that Defendants “deliberately fabricated incriminating evidence” for
the purpose of securing an indictment and “to criminally charge and prosecute” him, engaged in
the “knowing presentation of perjured testimony,” and “obstructed justice.” Id. at 1, 3–4. Plaintiff
seeks declaratory relief and compensatory and punitive damages for alleged violations of his due
process rights. See id. at 1–2.
The Supreme Court has held that “to recover damages for allegedly unconstitutional
conviction or imprisonment, or for other harm caused by actions whose unlawfulness would render
a conviction or sentence invalid,” a civil plaintiff “must prove that the conviction or sentence has
been reversed on direct appeal, expunged by executive order, declared invalid by a state tribunal
authorized to make such determination, or called into question by a federal court’s issuance of a
writ of habeas corpus.” Heck v. Humphrey, 512 U.S. 477, 486–87 (1994). And the D.C. Circuit
has held that this constraint on damages actions under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 “applies equally to claims
against federal officials in Bivens actions.” Williams v. Hill, 74 F.3d 1339, 1340 (D.C. Cir. 1996)
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(per curiam). It also applies to claims for declaratory relief. See Wilkinson v. Dotson, 544 U.S. 74,
81–82 (2005).
Because Plaintiff’s success here “would necessarily imply the invalidity of his conviction,”
Heck, 512 U.S. at 487, and he has not shown that his conviction or sentence has been reversed or
otherwise invalidated, his claims “are not cognizable unless and until he meets the requirements
of Heck,” Harris v. Fulwood, 611 F. App’x 1, 2 (D.C. Cir. 2015); see Gowadia v. Internal Revenue
Serv., 87 F. Supp. 3d 188, 190 (D.D.C. 2015) (“Because Plaintiff’s convictions have not been
invalidated in any prior proceeding, Heck bars this suit.”); Poynter v. Russo, No. 13-cv-1129, 2013
WL 4052784, at *1 (D.D.C. Aug. 12, 2013) (dismissing case sua sponte under Heck where plaintiff
did not establish conviction had been overturned).
For these reasons, the court grants Plaintiff’s application to proceed in forma pauperis,
ECF No. 2, and dismisses the complaint for failure to state a claim upon which relief can be
granted. See 28 U.S.C. § 1915(e)(2)(B)(ii). A separate order accompanies this memorandum
opinion.
/s/
AMIR H. ALI
DATE: April 20, 2026 United States District Judge
Case 1:25-cv-04158-UNA Document 3 Filed 04/20/26 Page 2 of 2