Beaver v. Commissioner of Social Security Administration

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WO
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF ARIZONA
Danny William Beaver,
Plaintiff,
v.
Commissioner of Social Security
Administration,
Defendant.
No. CV-24-02795-PHX-DJH
ORDER
Plaintiff Daniel William Beaver (“Plaintiff”) seeks this Court’s review of the Social
Security Administration (“SSA”) Commissioner’s (the “Commissioner”) denial of his
application for Social Security Disability Insurance (“SSDI”) benefits. (Doc. 9). The
matter is fully briefed. (Docs. 11, 12). The Court has reviewed the briefs and the
Administrative Record (Docs. 6-1–6-10, “AR.”) and, for the reasons set out below,
concludes that this matter shall be remanded for further proceedings.
I. Procedural Background
On March 21, 2022, Plaintiff filed an application for SSDI, alleging a disability
onset of September 1, 2020. (AR. 25). Plaintiff’s claims were first denied on July 21,
2022, and again upon reconsideration on May 3, 2023. (Id.) Following these denials,
Plaintiff filed a request for a hearing, and a telephonic hearing was then held before the
ALJ on August 22, 2023. (Id.) The ALJ issued her decision, determining that Plaintiff
was not disabled, on October 19, 2023. (Id. at 42).
On May 22, 2024, the Appeals Council denied Plaintiff’s request for review of the
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ALJ’s decision. (Id. at 10). Thus, the ALJ’s October 19, 2023 decision was adopted as the
agency’s final decision. (Id. at 10–12). The Appeals Council granted Plaintiff’s request
for additional time to file a civil action. (Id. at 8). Plaintiff subsequently filed the present
action on October 16, 2024. (See Doc. 1).
II. The ALJ’s Decision
To determine whether a claimant is disabled for purposes of the Act, the ALJ
follows a five-step process. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a). First, the ALJ determines whether
the claimant is presently engaging in substantial gainful activity. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520(a)(4)(i). Second, the ALJ determines whether the claimant has a “severe”
medically determinable physical or mental impairment. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(ii).
Third, the ALJ considers whether the claimant’s impairment or combination of
impairments meets or medically equals an impairment listed in Appendix 1 to Subpart P
of 20 C.F.R. Part 404. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iii). If so, the claimant is automatically
found to be disabled. Id. At step four, the ALJ assesses the claimant’s residual functional
capacity (“RFC”) and determines whether the claimant is still capable of performing past
relevant work. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)(4)(iv).1 If not, the ALJ proceeds to the fifth step,
where they determine whether the claimant can perform any other work in the national
economy based on the claimant’s RFC, age, education, and work experience. 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520(a)(4)(v). If the ALJ determines no such work is available, then the claimant is
disabled. Id.
Here, the ALJ first found that Plaintiff had not engaged in substantial gainful
activity since September 1, 2020. (AR. 27). Second, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff
suffered from severe impairments in the form of obesity; posttraumatic stress disorder
(“PTSD”), status-post biceps tendon rupture with repair, and a history of knee impairment.
(Id.) And at the third step, the ALJ concluded that Plaintiff does not have an impairment
or combination of impairments that meets or medically equals an impairment listed in
1 A claimant’s residual functional capacity is defined as their maximum ability to do
physical and mental work activities on a sustained basis despite limitations from their
impairments. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1545(a), 404.1520(e), 416.920(e).
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Appendix 1 to Subpart P of 20 C.F.R. Part 404. (Id. at 28–31).
At step four, the ALJ found that Plaintiff has the RFC “to perform light work as
defined in 20 CFR 404.1567(b) except he can frequently reach; can have no exposure to
hazards such as moving machinery and unprotected heights; cannot be exposed to loud
noise; and is able to perform simple, routine tasks involving simple work-related decisions
and simple instructions, not involving public contact, and with few changes in the work
setting.” (Id. at 32–39). Based on Plaintiff’s RFC, Plaintiff was found to be unable to
perform any past work as “the demands of said work exceed the current residual functional
capacity.” (Id. at 40). Fifth and finally, the ALJ determined that there were jobs that
existed in significant numbers in the national economy that Plaintiff could perform, and he
was therefore not disabled under the Social Security Act. (Id. at 41–42).
III. Standard of Review
In considering whether to reverse an ALJ’s decision, the district court reviews only
those issues raised by the party challenging the decision. See Lewis v. Apfel, 236 F.3d 503,
517 n.13 (9th Cir. 2001). The Court may set aside the Commissioner’s disability
determination only if it is not supported by substantial evidence or is based on legal error.
Orn v. Astrue, 495 F.3d 625, 630 (9th Cir. 2007). Substantial evidence is relevant evidence
that a reasonable person might accept as adequate to support a conclusion, considering the
record as a whole. Id.
To determine whether substantial evidence supports a decision, the Court must
consider the record as a whole and may not affirm simply by isolating a “specific quantum
of supporting evidence.” Orn, 495 F.3d at 630. The ALJ must “set forth the reasoning
behind its decisions in a way that allows for meaningful review.” Brown-Hunter v. Colvin,
806 F.3d 487, 492 (9th Cir. 2015). The ALJ is responsible for resolving conflicts,
ambiguity, and determining credibility. Andrews v. Shalala, 53 F.3d 1035, 1039 (9th Cir.
1995); Magallanes v. Bowen, 881 F.2d 747, 750 (9th Cir. 1989). While the Court is
required to examine the record as a whole, it may neither reweigh the evidence nor
substitute its judgment for that of the Commissioner. Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947,
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954 (9th Cir. 2002). Generally, “[w]here the evidence is susceptible to more than one
rational interpretation, one of which supports the ALJ’s decision, the ALJ’s conclusion
must be upheld.” Id. at 954 (citations omitted).
IV. Discussion
Plaintiff contends the ALJ erred in rendering its decision for two reasons. First,
Plaintiff argues the ALJ improperly discounted Plaintiff’s symptom testimony. Second,
Plaintiff argues the ALJ improperly rejected certain medical opinions. The Court will
address each of Plaintiff’s arguments in turn.2
A. Plaintiff’s Symptom Testimony
Plaintiff contends that the ALJ failed to give clear and convincing reasons supported
by substantial record evidence for rejecting Plaintiff's subjective symptom testimony.
(Doc. 9 at 12–13). More specifically, Plaintiff argues that the ALJ’s “general medical
summary” does not satisfy the requirements to discredit Plaintiff’s testimony, and
Plaintiff’s daily activities do not serve as reasons to disregard his symptoms testimony
when there was no discussion of the activities’ frequency or duration. (Id. at 13–20). The
Commissioner disagrees, arguing that the ALJ reasonably concluded that Plaintiff’s more
extreme allegations of debilitating mental limitations were inconsistent with objective
evidence as well as his treatment history and activities. (Doc. 11 at 5–13).
An ALJ must perform a two-step analysis when determining whether a claimant’s
testimony about subjective pain or symptoms is credible. Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1035–
1036 (9th Cir. 2007). First, the ALJ must determine whether Plaintiff presented objective
medical evidence of an impairment that could reasonably be expected to produce the
symptoms alleged. Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1014. “In this analysis, the claimant is not
required to show ‘that her impairment could reasonably be expected to cause the severity
of the symptom she has alleged; she need only show that it could reasonably have caused
some degree of the symptom.’ ” Id. (quoting Smolen v. Chater, 80 F.3d 1273, 1282 (9th
2 Plaintiff’s contentions only regard his mental impairments, not his physical ones. (Doc.
9 at 3). Therefore, the Court’s review will be limited to the record on Plaintiff’s mental
disabilities.
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Cir. 1996)). Second, if there is no evidence of malingering, the ALJ may reject the
Plaintiff’s symptom testimony only by giving specific, clear, and convincing reasons. Id.
at 1015; Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 488–89.
“[T]he ALJ must specifically identify the testimony she or he finds not to be credible
and must explain what evidence undermines the testimony.” Holohan v. Massanari, 246
F.3d 1195, 1208 (9th Cir. 2001). General findings about the Plaintiff’s credibility are
insufficient. Id. “Although the ALJ’s analysis need not be extensive, the ALJ must provide
some reasoning in order for [the Court] to meaningfully determine whether the ALJ’s
conclusions were supported by substantial evidence.” Treichler v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.
Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1099 (9th Cir. 2014). However, “an ALJ [is not] required to
believe every allegation of disabling pain, or else disability benefits would be available for
the asking, a result plainly contrary to 42 U.S.C. § 423(d)(5)(A).” Fair v. Bowen, 885 F.2d
597, 603 (9th Cir. 1989). “[T]he ALJ may consider inconsistencies either in the claimant’s
testimony or between the testimony and the claimant’s conduct.” Molina, 674 F.3d at
1112. For instance, the ALJ may consider “whether the claimant engages in daily activities
inconsistent with the alleged symptoms.” Id (quoting Lingenfelter, 504 F.3d at 1040).
Additionally, “[a]lthough [a] lack of medical evidence cannot form the sole basis
for discounting pain [or symptom] testimony, it is a factor that the ALJ can consider in his
credibility analysis.” Burch v. Barnhart, 400 F.3d 676, 681 (9th Cir. 2005). Albeit an ALJ
may not “effectively render a claimant’s subjective symptom testimony superfluous by
demanding positive objective medical evidence fully corroborating every allegation within
the subjective testimony.” Smartt v. Kijakazi, 53 F.4th 489, 495 (9th Cir. 2022).
Here, the ALJ summarized Plaintiff’s symptom testimony as follows:
The claimant reported that he stopped working due to PTSD symptoms,
including difficulty staying on task and problems interacting with others. He
stated that he has undergone consistent therapy and counseling, and that he
takes multiple medications, which help to minimize his symptoms. The
claimant reported that he has problems going into stores but that he is able to
prepare meals and perform household chores such as laundry…The claimant
reported that he has a service dog but that he continues to experience panic
attacks when having to go out and interact with others, as well as occasional
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nightmares with difficulty multitasking. He reported difficulty with cooking
two things at once or trying to do two things at once. He stated he had
aquariums, which he had overflowed and that he had burned meals. The
claimant further testified he became easily agitated or angered and that if he
asked family members for help and they did not give him help he got angry
and this caused arguments.
(AR. 34). As to the first step, the ALJ determined that Plaintiff’s impairments could
reasonably be expected to produce the symptoms alleged. (Id.) Nonetheless, the ALJ
determined that Plaintiff’s “statements concerning the intensity, persistence and limiting
effects of these symptoms are not entirely consistent with the medical evidence and other
evidence in the record for the reasons explained in this decision.” (Id.)
After noting that Plaintiff alleged that he is primarily unable to work because of his
PTSD, the ALJ recounts the prior years of Plaintiff’s PTSD therapy records. (Id. at 35–
37). The issue with the ALJ’s summary of the records is that it is just that–a summary of
waxing and waning symptoms. “[P]roviding a summary of medical evidence . . . is not the
same as providing clear and convincing reasons for finding the claimant’s symptom
testimony not credible.” Lambert v. Saul, 980 F.3d 1266, 1278 (9th Cir. 2020) (quoting
Brown-Hunter, 806 F.3d at 494). The ALJ neglected to “identify what testimony [was] not
credible and what evidence undermine[d] the claimant’s complaints.” Ghanim, 763 F.3d
at 1163. For example, the ALJ neither explained (a) why smatterings of normal findings
did not support Plaintiff’s symptom testimony; nor (b) why the normal findings should be
given more weight than the abnormal findings to discredit Plaintiff’s symptom testimony.
See Curtis v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 2018 WL 6418486, *7 (D. Ariz. 2018) (citing
Garrison, 59 F.3d at 1009). The ALJ’s discussion of the objective medical evidence,
absent any reasons for credibility determinations, is insufficient to reject Plaintiff’s
testimony under the clear and convincing standard. See Lambert, 980 F.3d at 1277–78;
Burrell v. Colvin, 775 F.3d 1133, 1137–38 (9th Cir. 2014).
The only time the ALJ provides any reasoning for discrediting Plaintiff’s symptom
testimony is in her discussion of Plaintiff’s daily activities. However, substantial evidence
does not support the ALJ’s conclusion that Plaintiff’s daily activities were inconsistent with
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her symptom testimony. The ALJ states:
[T]here is no question the claimant has a history of treatment for multiple
medical conditions, which do prevent him from returning to his past work.
However, the record does not support a finding of an inability to perform all
work…The claimant has alleged he has been disabled primarily due to post
traumatic stress disorder. However, the claimant has engaged in activities of
daily living that are not as limited as would be expected given his reports of
disabling symptoms and limitations. While he has reported anxiety in
crowds, he attended a wedding and military reunion, which would require
exposure to a group of people. He has reported difficulty concentrating, but
as discussed in detail above, he has reported to treating mental health
providers he isolated himself in his garage to work on hobbies and he testified
he is able to perform some activities at home. He has reported exercising
regularly and he has traveled on several occasions. While travel and
disability are not necessarily inconsistent, in this case, the claimant’s travel
tends to suggest his symptoms are not as limiting as alleged.
(AR. 37).
However, a plaintiff’s ability to carry out “daily activities may be grounds for an
adverse credibility finding if a claimant is able to spend a substantial part of his day
engaged in pursuits involving the performance of physical functions that are transferable
to a work setting.” Orn, 495 F.3d at 639 (internal quotations and citations omitted). Here,
the ALJ made no such indication. Therefore, the Court does not find that these activities
serve as clear and convincing reasons to reject Plaintiff’s testimony. See Vertigan v.
Halter, 260 F.3d 1044, 1049–50 (9th Cir. 2001) (“[T]he mere fact that a plaintiff has carried
on certain daily activities, such as grocery shopping, driving a car, or limited walking for
exercise, does not in any way detract from her credibility as to her overall disability [o]ne
does not need to be utterly incapacitated in order to be disabled.”); Jeffrey B. v. Saul, 2020
WL 6462395, *8 (N.D. Cal. 2020) (same). Not to mention, the ALJ does not address
Plaintiff’s testimony that he would burn food while cooking or overflow his aquarium in
the performance of these daily tasks.
In addition, the ALJ highlighted Plaintiff’s attendance at a wedding and military
reunion over the relevant years. Two isolated occurrences of Plaintiff being around people
do not constitute clear and convincing reasons to discount Plaintiff’s symptom testimony.
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See, e.g., Milton v. Commr. of Soc. Sec., 2018 WL 1788077, *4 (D. Or. 2018) (“An isolated
instance of being on her feet one weekend does not constitute a clear and convincing reason
to discount [the plaintiff’s] subjective symptom testimony.”); Schwanz v. Colvin, 2014 WL
4722214, *16 (D. Or. 2014) (“[Plaintiff’s] visitation with a friend does not undermine
symptom [plaintiff’s] testimony. Rather than going to “friends’ homes,” as the ALJ claims
[plaintiff] testified, [plaintiff] testified to seeing one friend.”); see Garrison v. Colvin, 759
F.3d 995, 1018 (9th Cir. 2014) (“While ALJs obviously must rely on examples to show
why they do not believe that a claimant is credible, the data points they choose must in fact
constitute examples of a broader development to satisfy the applicable ‘clear and
convincing’ standard.”).
Also, it is not clear and the ALJ does not explain how the travel Plaintiff testified to
undermines his PTSD symptom testimony. Ong v. Commr. of Soc. Sec. Admin., 2018 WL
3323169, *10 (D. Ariz. 2018) (“Evidence that Plaintiff traveled two times during the
relevant period, without further detail, is not a clear and convincing reason for discounting
her symptom testimony.”); Colandrea v. Commr. of Soc. Sec. Admin., 2025 WL 3144684,
*5 (D. Ariz. 2025) (“[T]he ALJ provided no specifics about that travel, nor did she explain
how they undermined [the plaintiff’s] symptom testimony.”).
Overall, the ALJ’s discrediting of Plaintiff’s symptom testimony was not supported
by clear and convincing reasons.
B. Dr. White’s Medical Opinion
Plaintiff next argues that the ALJ erred by rejecting the opinion of Dr. Amy White
without sufficient explanation and without proper consideration of the supportability and
consistency factors. (Doc. 9 at 21–24). Dr. White is a psychologist whom Plaintiff has
seen over several years for the treatment of his PTSD symptoms. (Id. at 3).
An ALJ “cannot reject an examining or treating doctor’s opinion as unsupported or
inconsistent without providing an explanation supported by substantial evidence. The
agency must ‘articulate . . . how persuasive’ it finds ‘all of the medical opinions’ from each
doctor or other source” and “explain how [it] considered the supportability and consistency
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factors’ in reaching these findings.” Woods v. Kijakazi, 32 F.4th 785, 792 (9th Cir. 2022)
(citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(b)). The SSA regulations provide that the most important
factors to consider when evaluating the persuasiveness of medical opinions are
“supportability” and “consistency.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(a). Supportability refers to
“the extent to which a medical source supports the medical opinion by explaining the
‘relevant . . . objective medical evidence.’ ” Woods, 32 F.4th at 791–92 (quoting 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1520c(c)(1)). Consistency refers to “the extent to which a medical opinion is
‘consistent . . . with the evidence from other medical sources and nonmedical sources in
the claim.” Id. at 792 (quoting 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520c(c)(2)).
Woods makes clear that to properly reject a medical opinion under the substantial
evidence standard, the ALJ “must articulate how persuasive it finds all the medical
opinions from each doctor or other source and explain how it considered the supportability
and consistency factors in reaching these findings.” Id. (quoting 20 C.F.R. §
404.1520c(b)).
In rejecting the opinion of Dr. White, the ALJ stated:
Amy White, Psy.D., opined in June of 2022 that he was “very limited” in his
social interactions; that he has difficulty making decisions, being flexible,
and adapting to changes; that he becomes easily overwhelmed; and that he
struggled with concentration (Ex. 14F/4-8). The undersigned finds this
assessment generally unpersuasive. Although it is supported with some
explanation and is based on actual treatment and observations, these general
statements are vague and of limited probative vale [sic] in assessing the
claimant’s specific functional limitations. Moreover, the longitudinal
evidence of record is more consistent with the ability to perform unskilled
work with no public contact.
(AR. 40). Just as seen above, the ALJ then proceeds to recount Plaintiff’s treatment records
of waxing and waning symptoms without explaining how any of the evidence is more or
less consistent with Dr. White’s assessment. “The ALJ did indeed cite Plaintiff’s treatment
history but made no connection between that treatment history and Dr. [White’s] opinion.”
Willard v. Saul, 2021 WL 2073737, *8 (E.D. Cal. 2021). Citing evidence without
explaining how it supports the ALJ’s conclusions is insufficient to comply with the
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requirement that ALJs articulate “how [they] considered the supportability and consistency
factors for a medical source's medical opinions” when making their decisions. 20 C.F.R.
§§ 404.1520c(b)(2), 416.920c(b)(2).
Moreover, to the extent Dr. White’s opinions were discounted for vagueness, this is
an insufficient reason to do so. An ALJ may not reject a physician’s opinion based merely
on broadness or vagueness. McAllister v. Sullivan, 888 F.2d 599, 602 (9th Cir. 1989). To
the extent that a physician's report is ambiguous or inconsistent, the ALJ is required to
recontact the issuing physician. 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1512(e); 416.912(e); Webb v. Barnhart,
433 F.3d 683, 687 (9th Cir. 2005); Thomas v. Barnhart, 278 F.3d 947, 958 (9th Cir. 2002);
Tonapetyan v. Halter, 242 F.3d 1144, 1150 (9th Cir. 2001). Therefore, the ALJ erred in
her rejection of Dr. White’s opinion.
C. Harmless Error
An ALJ decision will not be reversed for errors that are harmless. Stout v. Soc. Sec.
Admin., 454 F.3d 1050, 1054 (9th Cir. 2006) (citing Curry v. Sullivan, 925 F.2d 1127, 1131
(9th Cir. 1990)). However, a reviewing court cannot consider an error harmless “unless it
can confidently conclude that no reasonable ALJ … could have reached a different
disability determination.” Id. at 1056. In other words, legal errors are harmless only if
they are inconsequential to the non-disability decision. Id. at 1055.
Here, the Court is unable to conclude that the ALJ’s failure to state legally sufficient
reasons for discounting Plaintiff's subjective symptom testimony or Dr. White’s medical
opinion was harmless. The ALJ’s RFC determination necessarily relied on the ALJ's
rejection of Plaintiff’s symptom testimony as well as Dr. White’s opinion. The Court
realizes that the RFC accounted for Plaintiff’s difficulty in public, but it did not take into
consideration the other discredited portions of Plaintiff’s testimony and Dr. White’s
opinion. In consequence, the ALJ’s errors were not harmless.
V. Remand
Once a court has determined an ALJ’s decision contains harmful error, it maintains
discretion to remand the case for additional proceedings or for an award of benefits.
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Reddick v. Chater, 157 F.3d 715, 728 (9th Cir. 1998) (citing Swenson v. Sullivan, 876 F.2d
683, 689 (9th Cir. 1989)). Remand for further administrative proceedings is appropriate if
enhancement of the record would be useful. See Harman v. Apfel, 211 F.3d 1172, 1178
(9th Cir. 2000). This is “the proper course, except in rare circumstances[.]” Treichler v.
Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 775 F.3d 1090, 1099 (9th Cir. 2014). Conversely, under the
“credit-as-true” rule, the court has discretion to remand for an award of benefits where
“(1) the record has been fully developed and further administrative proceedings would
serve no useful purpose; (2) the ALJ has failed to provide legally sufficient reasons for
rejecting evidence, whether claimant testimony or medical opinion; and (3) if the
improperly discredited evidence were credited as true, the ALJ would be required to find
the claimant disabled on remand.” Garrison, 759 F.3d at 1020 (citations omitted).
Plaintiff argues his case meets the credit-as-true standard because there are no
“significant factual conflicts,” or “crucial questions as to the extent of [claimant’s]
impairment” that require resolution before a finding of disability. (Doc. 9 at 25 quoting
Treichler, 775 F.3d at 1104–1105 (emphasis omitted)). However, the Court finds it is not
clear from the record that the ALJ would be required to find Plaintiff disabled if all the
evidence were properly evaluated. Further analysis of Plaintiff’s subjective symptom
testimony and evaluation of the medical evidence are necessary before a proper
determination of Plaintiff’s disability can be made. Therefore, the Court, in its discretion,
finds that a remand for further proceedings is appropriate here.
Accordingly,
IT IS ORDERED that Administrative Law Judge’s October 19, 2023, decision is
reversed and remanded for additional proceedings consistent with this Order.
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
/ / /
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IT IS FURTHER ORDERED that the Clerk of Court is kindly directed to enter
judgment accordingly and terminate this action.
Dated this 19th day of March, 2026.
Honorable Diane J. Humetewa
United States District Judge
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