Case Name in Social Security Case - Unavailable

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
EASTERN DISTRICT OF ARKANSAS
CENTRAL DIVISION
MARY SMITH-JONES 	PLAINTIFF
V. 	No. 4:25-CV-00304-LPR-ERE
SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION,
Commissioner 	DEFENDANT
RECOMMENDED DISPOSITION
This Recommended Disposition (“RD”) has been sent to United States
District Judge Lee P. Rudofsky. You may file objections if you disagree with the
findings and conclusions set out in the RD. Objections should be specific, include
the factual or legal basis for the objection, and be filed within fourteen days. If you
do not object, you risk waiving the right to appeal questions of fact.
I. 	Background
On August 1, 2022, Ms. Mary Smith-Jones filed an application for benefits
due to neck problems. Tr. 52.
Ms. Smith-Jones’ claim was denied initially and upon reconsideration. At
Ms. Smith-Jones’ request, an Administrative Law Judge (“ALJ”) held a hearing on
February 14, 2024, and the ALJ heard testimony from Ms. Smith-Jones and a
vocational expert (“VE”). Tr. 13, 29-51. The ALJ issued a decision on April 12,
2024, finding that Ms. Smith-Jones was not disabled. Tr. 13-24. The Appeals
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Council denied Ms. Smith-Jones’ request for review, making the ALJ’s decision
the Commissioner’s final decision. Tr. 6-9.
Ms. Smith-Jones, who was sixty-three years old at the time of the hearing,
has a college degree and past relevant work experience as a coordinator in a skill-
training program and as a secretary. Tr. 22, 52-56. She meets the insured status
requirements of the Social Security Act through September 30, 3027. Tr. 15.
II. 	The ALJ’s Decision 1
The ALJ found that Ms. Smith-Jones had not engaged in substantial gainful
activity since the alleged onset date of July 1, 2022, through the date of the ALJ’s
decision. Tr. 15, 22. The ALJ also concluded that Ms. Smith-Jones had the
following severe impairments: degenerative disc disease of the cervical and lumbar
spines; remote (1997) dislocation of a disc of the cervical spine; osteoarthritis of
the bilateral knees; obstructive sleep apnea; obesity; depression; and anxiety. Tr.
16. However, the ALJ concluded that Ms. Smith-Jones did not have an impairment
or combination of impairments that met or equaled an impairment listed in 20
C.F.R. Part 404, Subpart P, Appendix 1. Tr. 16-17.
1 The ALJ followed the required sequential analysis to determine: (1) whether the claimant
was engaged in substantial gainful activity; (2) if not, whether the claimant had a severe
impairment; (3) if so, whether the impairment (or combination of impairments) met or equaled a
listed impairment; and (4) if not, whether the impairment (or combination of impairments)
prevented the claimant from performing past relevant work; and (5) if so, whether the impairment
(or combination of impairments) prevented the claimant from performing any other jobs available
in significant numbers in the national economy. 20 C.F.R. § 404.1520(a)-(g).
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According to the ALJ, Ms. Smith-Jones had the residual functional capacity
(“RFC”) to perform sedentary work, with the following limitations: (1) no climbing
of ladders, ropes, or scaffolds; (2) no more than frequent climbing of ramps and
stairs; (3) no more than frequent balancing, stooping, and crouching; (4) less than
occasional kneeling and crawling; (5) no more than frequent reaching with the
bilateral upper extremities; (6) can [not] perform movements of the neck that
require 	rapid, 	repetitive, 	side-to-side 	(lateral 	turning) 	or 	up-and-down
(extension/flexion) motion, but can perform such movements at a normal pace
frequently throughout an 8-hour workday, but only to 75% of the normal range in
all planes;2 (7) can maintain adequate concentration, persistence, and pace to remain
on-task for all work except assembly line and production paced work tasks; (8) no
more than frequently adapt to changes in workplace methods and routines. Tr. 17-
18.
In response to hypothetical questions incorporating the above limitations, the
VE testified that Ms. Smith-Jones was capable of performing past relevant work as
a coordinator in skill training and as a secretary, both jobs performed at the
sedentary exertional level. Tr. 22, 47-49. Accordingly, based on this step four
finding, the ALJ determined that Ms. Smith-Jones was not disabled. Tr. 22-23.
2 As written in the decision, the meaning of this portion of the RFC is murky, but in the
ALJ’s discussion at the hearing, his meaning is clear. Tr. 47-48.
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III. 	Discussion
A. 	Standard of Review
In this appeal, the Court must review the Commissioner’s decision for legal
error and determine whether the decision is supported by substantial evidence on
the record as a whole. Brown v. Colvin, 825 F.3d 936, 939 (8th Cir. 2016) (citing
Halverson v. Astrue, 600 F.3d 922, 929 (8th Cir. 2010)). “Substantial evidence” in
this context means “enough that a reasonable mind would find [the evidence]
adequate to support the ALJ’s decision.” Slusser v. Astrue, 557 F.3d 923, 925 (8th
Cir. 2009) (citation omitted). In making this determination, the Court must consider
not only evidence that supports the Commissioner’s decision, but also evidence that
supports a contrary outcome. Milam v. Colvin, 794 F.3d 978, 983 (8th Cir. 2015).
The Court will not reverse the Commissioner’s decision, however, “merely because
substantial evidence exists for the opposite decision.” Long v. Chater, 108 F.3d 185,
187 (8th Cir. 1997) (citation omitted).
B. 	Ms. Smith-Jones’ Arguments for Reversal
Ms. Smith-Jones contends that the Commissioner’s decision is not supported
by substantial evidence, because the ALJ: (1) failed to assess the RFC on a function-
by-function basis; (2) erred in evaluating the medical opinions; (3) failed to fully
and fairly develop the record; (4) erred in assessing Ms. Smith-Jones’ subjective
complaints; and (5) erred in his step four determination about past relevant work.
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Doc. 8. After carefully reviewing the record as a whole, I recommend affirming the
Commissioner.
C. 	Analysis
1. RFC
Ms. Smith-Jones alleges that the ALJ erred because he did not list the
function-by-function requirements of sedentary work in the RFC. Doc. 8 at 3-4. She
argues that the ALJ did not specify the amount of walking, standing, sitting, pushing
or pulling, that she could perform. Id.
The RFC began by stating that Ms. Smith-Jones could perform work at the
sedentary exertional level, as defined by 20 C.F.R. § 404.1567(a). This regulation
states that sedentary work:
involves lifting no more than 10 pounds at a time and occasionally
lifting or carrying articles like docket files, ledgers, and small tools.
Although a sedentary job is defined as one which involves sitting, a
certain amount of walking and standing is often necessary in carrying
out job duties. Jobs are sedentary if walking and standing are required
occasionally and other sedentary criteria are met.
20 C.F.R § 404.1567(a).3
The Eighth Circuit has held that the ALJ is “not required to mechanically list
and reject every possible limitation.” Nash v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin., 907 F.3d
1086, 1090-91 (8th Cir. 2018) (quoting McCoy v. Astrue, 648 F.3d 605, 615 (8th
3 Postural activities such as climbing, balancing, kneeling, crouching, or crawling are not
usually required in sedentary work. Social Security Ruling (“SSR”) 96-9p, at 7.
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Cir. 2011)). As long as the ALJ discussed how the evidence in the record supports
his RFC conclusion, he has met the requirements for establishing an RFC. 4 See
Menter v. Kijakazi, No. 6:20-CV-003198-DGK, 2022 WL 188146, at *2 (W.D. Mo.
Jan. 20, 2022) (“An ALJ complies with [the RFC regulation] even if he does not
make explicit findings with respect to each functional limitation.”).
The ALJ explained that while Ms. Smith-Jones had multiple knee surgeries,
she admitted to improving after her first surgery and her pain mainly occurred
during range of motion exercises at physical therapy. Tr. 21, 474-488. While Ms.
Jones said that she needed a cane to walk, no assistive device was prescribed for
any significant length of time (her surgeon recommended a cane and rolling walker
directly after the first knee surgery). Tr. 19, 818. Her pain improved with muscle
relaxers. 5 Tr. 471. Moreover, her doctor suggested that she exercise more. 6 Tr. 472.
And Ms. Smith-Jones treated her conditions conservatively and infrequently after
4 The ALJ bears the primary responsibility for assessing a claimant’s RFC– that is, what
he or she can still do, in spite of severe impairments. The finding must be based on all relevant
evidence in the record. Wildman v. Astrue, 596 F.3d 959, 969 (8th Cir. 2010) (citations omitted).
5 Improvement in condition supports an ALJ’s finding that a claimant is not disabled. See
Duvall v. Bisignano, No. 4:25-cv-00120 KGB-PSH, 2025 WL 1812626, n.6 (E.D. Ark. July 1,
2025); Locher v. Sullivan, 968 F.2d 725, 728 (8th Cir. 1992).
6 A physician’s recommendation to exercise suggests that a claimant has an increased
functional capacity. See Moore v. Astrue, 572 F.3d 520, 524 (8th Cir. 2009).
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the knee surgeries. 7 Still, the ALJ assigned Ms. Smith-Jones a sedentary RFC, the
least strenuous level of work.
Finally, the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (“DOT”) description of Ms.
Smith-Jones’ past relevant work does not indicate that the jobs require more than
sedentary exertional work. See DOT 169.167-062, 201.362.030.
The ALJ’s decision adequately explained his RFC findings, and Ms. Smith-
Jones has not shown ALJ error.
2. Evaluation of Medical Opinions
Ms. Smith-Jones contends that the ALJ erred in his evaluation of medical
opinion evidence. 8 On December 21, 2022, Dr. Amanda Eberle conducted a
consultative examination of Ms. Smith-Jones. Tr. 20, 312-216. Ms. Smith-Jones
denied back pain and knee pain at the examination. Tr. 313-315. Dr. Eberle found
7 Milam v. Colvin, 794 F.3d 978, 985 (8th Cir. 2015) (noting that only conservative
treatment weighs against a finding of disability).
8 On January 28, 2017, the Administration promulgated new regulations governing how
ALJs assess medical opinion evidence. The new rules provide that an ALJ “will not defer or give
any specific evidentiary weight, including controlling weight, to any medical opinion(s).” See 20
C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(a)–(c), 416.920c(a)–(c) (2017). Instead, ALJs are required to analyze
whether opinion evidence is persuasive, based on: (1) supportability; (2) consistency with the
evidence; (3) relationship with the claimant [which includes; (i) length of treatment relationship;
(ii) frequency of examinations; (iii) purpose of the treatment relationship; (iv) extent of the
treatment relationship; and (v) examining relationship]; (4) provider specialization; and (5) any
other important factors. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.920c(c). An opinion is “more persuasive if it is
supported by explanation and relevant objective medical evidence, and it is consistent with other
evidence in record.” Norwood v. Kijakazi, No. 21-3560, 2022 WL 1740785, at *1 (8th Cir. May
31, 2022) (unpublished per curiam) (citing 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1520c(c), 416.920c(c)). An ALJ
must give good reasons for his findings about an opinion’s persuasiveness. Phillips v. Saul, No.
1:19-CV-00034-BD, 2020 WL 3451519, at *2 (E.D. Ark. June 24, 2020)
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decreased range of motion in the cervical spine with normal range of motion in the
bilateral knees and lumbar spine. Id. Ms. Smith-Jones had normal gait and station;
was able to rise from sitting without assistance; could stand on tiptoes and heels,
and tandem walk without problems; could not bend and squat; and had good muscle
tone and strength. 	Id. X-ray imaging showed mild-to-moderate degenerative
changes in the cervical spine, lumbosacral spine, and bilateral knees, with no
fracture or dislocation. 9 Id.
Summarizing her findings, Dr. Eberle opined that Ms. Smith-Jones could sit,
walk, and/or stand for a full workday with breaks as needed, but that she would
have issues walking far distances; could lift and carry objects without limitations;
might have issues with turning her neck in all directions; and could hold a
conversation, 	respond 	appropriately 	to 	questions, 	carry 	out, 	and 	remember
instructions. Tr. 315.
The ALJ found Dr. Eberle’s opinion to be generally persuasive. Tr. 22. The
ALJ supported his findings about Dr. Eberle’s opinion with reference to the medical
evidence and Dr. Eberle’s own clinical findings, and he explained his conclusion.
Id. Ms. Smith-Jones also states that the ALJ should have precluded bending and
squatting in the RFC because Dr. Eberle noted her difficulty with those postural
9 Objective tests showing mild to moderate conditions do not support a finding of
disability. Masterson v. Barnhart, 363 F.3d 731, 738-39 (8th Cir. 2004).
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movements. Doc. 8 at 5-6. However, an ALJ is not required to adopt a medical
opinion line-by-line, and he may rely upon an opinion in full, in part, or not at all.
See Prosch v. Apfel, 201 F.3d 1010, 1013 (8th Cir. 2000); Perkins v. Astrue, 648
F.3d 892, 897 (8th Cir. 2011); Hensley v. Colvin, 829 F.3d 926, 932 (8th Cir. 2016).
The ALJ properly supported his findings on Dr. Eberle’s opinion and was entitled
to reject portions of the opinion. Notably, the ALJ limited Ms. Smith-Jones to a
more restrictive RFC than that assessed by Dr. Eberle: sedentary work with some
postural limitations. Tr. 17-18.
The ALJ also evaluated the state-agency medical experts’ opinions. Dr.
William Harrison reviewed the record in January 2023 at the initial level of review
and opined that Ms. Smith-Jones was capable of medium level work. Tr. 52-55. The
ALJ found this opinion generally unpersuasive, stating that Ms. Smith-Jones was
more limited, due to knee impairments and multiple knee surgeries. Tr. 21. In June
2023, Dr. Joseph Michel opined that Ms. Smith-Jones could perform light work
with postural limitations. Tr. 63-65. In June 2023, Dr. Graham Reid, a psychiatrist,
found that Ms. Smith-Jones’ alleged anxiety and depression were non-severe
impairments. Tr. 61-63.
The ALJ found the opinions of Dr. Michel and Dr. Reid to be generally
persuasive, and he gave good reasons for his conclusions. Tr. 21-22. He found that
Ms. Smith-Jones did have severe mental impairments, although she did not treat
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these conditions. Tr. 16. In spite of no mental health treatment, the ALJ still
assessed mental restrictions in the RFC. Tr. 18. And although the ALJ noted that
Ms. Smith-Jones was progressing well after her knee surgeries, he assigned an RFC
for sedentary work, rather than the light work proposed by Dr. Michel. Tr. 17-18.
The ALJ carefully explained why he found that Ms. Smith-Jones was more limited
physically, harmonizing the RFC with the medical opinion evidence.
Additionally, Ms. Smith-Jones contends that she needed excess breaks at
work based on Dr. Eberle’s note that she may require “breaks as needed.” Tr. 315.
Dr. Eberle did not say that she needed “excess breaks,” and the medical evidence
does not suggest that excess breaks were required. Ms. Smith-Jones also claims that
the ALJ should have added Dr. Michel’s limitation to occasional crouching, but
again, the ALJ was not required to incorporate all of the opinion’s restrictions. And
neither job identified by the VE required crouching, according to the DOT. See
DOT 169.167-062; 201.362.030.
The ALJ properly evaluated the medical opinions.
3. Development of the Record
Ms. Smith-Jones asserts that the ALJ should have recontacted Dr. Eberle “for
clarification.” 10 Doc. 8 at 7. She claims that this was required because the ALJ did
10 An ALJ has a basic duty to develop a reasonably complete record, but is required to
recontact a treating or consulting physician or order further testing only if the medical records
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not fully adopt any one medical opinion, and that the RFC assessment, therefore,
lacks support. Contrary to Ms. Smith-Jones’ suggestion, the ALJ was not required
to base the RFC finding on any specific medical opinion, as noted above. Rather,
the RFC finding is an administrative determination that is “based on all of the
relevant evidence.” See 20 C.F.R. § 404.1545. The ALJ fully explained the
evaluations of the medical opinions, and the record contained sufficient evidence to
support the ALJ’s decision.
Ms. Smith-Jones’ argument that the ALJ should have further developed the
record has no merit.
4. Evaluation of Subjective Complaints
Ms. Smith-Jones contends that the ALJ erred in how he evaluated her
subjective complaints.11 To the contrary, the ALJ discussed the nature of Ms. Smith-
Jones’ pain, the clinical exams, the medical imaging, and Ms. Smith-Jones’
treatment. Tr. 19-23. The ALJ also addressed Ms. Smith-Jones’ alleged limited
ability to do daily activities, which resulted in the sedentary work limitation. Id.
presented do not provide sufficient evidence to make a decision on disability. Martise v. Astrue,
641 F.3d 909, 926-7 (8th Cir. 2011).
11 When evaluating a claimant’s subjective complaints, the ALJ must consider objective
medical evidence, the claimant’s work history, and other evidence relating to (1) the claimant’s
daily activities; (2) the duration, frequency, and intensity of the pain; (3) precipitating and
aggravating factors; (4) the dosage, effectiveness, and side effects of medication; and (5) the
claimant’s functional restrictions. See Schwandt v. Berryhill, 926 F.3d 1004, 1012 (8th Cir. 2019).
“An ALJ need not explicitly discuss each factor,” and he may “decline to credit a claimant’s
subjective complaints if the evidence as a whole is inconsistent with the claimant’s testimony.”
Id. (internal citations omitted).
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Finally, no doctor imposed functional work limitations on Ms. Smith-Jones. The
ALJ concluded that Ms. Smith-Jones’ claims of debilitating pain were inconsistent
with the evidence in the record. Tr. 18-19.
Ample record evidence supported the ALJ’s conclusions about Ms. Smith-
Jones’ subjective complaints.
5. Past Relevant Work
Based on VE testimony, the ALJ found that Ms. Smith-Jones could perform
her past relevant work as a coordinator in skill training and as a secretary, as those
jobs are generally performed in the national economy. Tr. 22-23. Ms. Smith-Jones
now asserts that she could not perform these two jobs as actually performed. First,
the burden is on the plaintiff at step four to show she cannot perform past relevant
work. Perks v. Astrue, 687 F.3d 1086, 1092 (8th Cir. 2012). Second, the VE can
consider the demands of the claimant’s past relevant work either as the claimant
actually performed it, or as the job is generally performed in the national economy.
20 C.F.R. §§ 404.1560(b)(2), 416.960(b)(2); Wagner v. Astrue, 499 F.3d 842, 853-
54 (8th Cir. 2007); see also Lowe v. Apfel, 226 F.3d 969, 973 (8th Cir. 2000)
(“Where the claimant has the residual functional capacity to do either the specific
work previously done or the same type of work as it is generally performed in the
national economy, the claimant is found not to be disabled.”). Ms. Smith-Jones does
not dispute the ALJ’s finding that she could perform the past relevant work as it
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was generally performed, and the VE’s testimony that she could do the work was
supported by the record. The ALJ was entitled to rely upon the VE’s testimony at
step four.
Ms. Smith-Jones also argues that a new agency regulation applies here: that
regulation changed the past relevant work lookback period from the past 15 years
to the past 5 years. See SSR 24-2p, 2024 WL 3291790. But the regulation took
effect in June 2024, after the ALJ issued his decision in this case. Id. In any event,
Ms. Smith-Jones worked as a secretary as recently as June 2022. Tr. 22-23.
The ALJ did not err at step four.
IV. 	Conclusion
The ALJ applied proper legal standards in evaluating Ms. Smith-Jones’
claims, and substantial evidence supports the decision to deny benefits.
IT IS THEREFORE RECOMMENDED that the Court affirm the decision
and enter judgment in favor of the Commissioner.
Dated 24 November 2025.
___________________________________
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
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