Davos Francois v. Vive Financial, LLC

OCR transcription; preserved printed pages are authoritative

DISTRICT COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF FLORIDA
FOURTH DISTRICT

DAVOS FRANCOIS,
Appellant,

Vv.

VIVE FINANCIAL, LLC,
Appellee.

No. 4D2025-2088
[March 18, 2026]

Appeal from the County Court for the Seventeenth Judicial Circuit,
Broward County; Michele McCaul Ricca, Judge; L.T. Case No. COCE22-
048202.

Davos Francois, Miramar, pro se.
Landon Morley of Lotane & Associates, P.A., Cocoa, for appellee.
CIKLIN, J.

Appellant, acting pro se, seeks review of an order denying his motion to
vacate a default final judgment under Florida Rule of Civil Procedure
1.540(b). Lack of standing cannot be raised for the first time in a rule
1.540 motion. Phadael v. Deutsche Bank Tr. Co. Ams., 83 So. 3d 893, 895
(Fla. 4th DCA 2012). Additionally, “[e]ven where a judgment is entered in
favor of a plaintiff that lacks standing, the judgment is merely voidable,
not void.” Id. Accordingly, we affirm.

We write separately to address a troubling issue in appellant’s briefing.
Multiple authorities cited by appellant in his filings, in both the trial court
and this court, do not exist. Courts depend upon the accuracy and candor
of citations presented by litigants. The submission of fictitious or
fabricated case law—whether the product of carelessness,
misunderstanding, or reliance on generative artificial-intelligence tools—
is sanctionable. See Goya v. Hayashida, 418 So. 3d 652, 656 (Fla. 4th
DCA 2025); Russell v. Mells, 50 Fla. L. Weekly D2609 (Fla. 2d DCA Dec.
10, 2025) (referring counsel to the Florida Bar for filing imaginary legal
authorities in a brief); Gutierrez v. Gutierrez, 399 So. 3d 1185, 1188 (Fla.
3d DCA 2024) (sanctioning a pro se litigant for submitting fictitious case

law to the court).

Attorneys and pro se litigants “are responsible for the content of their
submissions to the court. Those who use artificial intelligence to assist in
these submissions must ensure their accuracy.” Friend v. Serpa, 425 So.
3d 51, 51 (Fla. 4th DCA 2025) (cautioning the pro se litigant about
sanctions for citing “phantom authority”).

Appellant is cautioned that future filings containing nonexistent
authorities may result in sanctions. Fla. R. App. P. 9.410(a).

Artificial intelligence may assist in research and drafting, but it cannot
replace the lawyer’s or litigant’s duty to ensure that every authority cited
is real, accurate, and applicable. The responsibility for what is filed rests
with the human author, not the machine.

Affirmed.

KUNTZ, C.J., and GRoss, J., concur.

* * *

Not final until disposition of timely filed motion for rehearing.