State v. Randy G

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STATE OF CONNECTICUT v. RANDY G.*
(AC 41488)
Lavine, Elgo and Moll, Js.

Syllabus

The defendant, who had been on probation in connection with his conviction
of the crime of criminal violation of a protective order, appealed to this
court from the judgment of the trial court revoking his probation and
sentencing him to forty-four months of incarceration. During his proba-
tion period, the victim, who was the defendant’s former girlfriend, gave
a statement to the police in which she stated that the defendant had
come to her home, looked in her window and then left the premises
on a bicycle. Thereafter, the defendant was arrested and charged with
violating the condition of his probation that required him to comply
with a protective order in effect, which prohibited him from contacting
the victim and required him to stay 100 yards away from her. Held:
1. The defendant could not prevail on his claim that the trial court abused
its discretion by admitting into evidence a police report concerning his
prior arrest relating to the underlying conviction, which was based on
his claim that the report was unreliable hearsay because it included
details of a home invasion and an assault charge that the state had
nolled; that court properly admitted the police report into evidence as
reliable hearsay, as it is well settled that probation proceedings are
informal and that strict rules of evidence do not apply to such proceed-
ings, in which a broad evidentiary standard is applied, and because a
probation hearing is merely a reconvention of the original sentencing
hearing, the court could consider types of information properly consid-
ered at that hearing, including evidence of crimes for which the defen-
dant was charged but not prosecuted.
2. Contrary to the defendant’s claim, the trial court did not abuse its discre-
tion in refusing to admit into evidence a police report that was related
to the victim’s criminal complaint against a previous boyfriend: although
the defendant claimed that the police report would have shown the
victim’s pattern of making false claims against former boyfriends and,
therefore, would have impeached her credibility, defense counsel admit-
ted on the record that there was no indication that the victim’s prior
complaint was false, and the police report failed to show any bias or
prejudice on the victim’s part against the defendant; moreover, the
defendant’s claim was inherently problematic because he was, in effect,
asking this court to conclude that a victim’s trustworthiness is directly
related to the number of criminal complaints that he or she has filed,
and because the defendant’s evidentiary claim failed, his constitutional
claim that the exclusion of the police report violated his due process
right to confront witnesses against him also failed.
Argued September 20, 2019—officially released January 21, 2020

Procedural History

Information charging the defendant with violation of
probation, brought to the Superior Court in the judicial
district of Hartford, geographical area number twelve,
and tried to the court, Oliver, J.; judgment revoking
the defendant’s probation, from which the defendant
appealed to this court. Affirmed.
James B. Streeto, senior assistant public defender,
for the appellant (defendant).
Denise B. Smoker, senior assistant state’s attorney,
with whom, on the brief, were Gail P. Hardy, state’s
attorney, and Adam B. Scott, supervisory assistant
state’s attorney, for the appellee (state).
Opinion

LAVINE, J. The defendant, Randy G., appeals from
the judgment of the trial court finding him in violation
of his probation pursuant to General Statutes § 53a-32.
On appeal, the defendant claims that the court abused
its discretion by (1) admitting into evidence a police
report from the underlying case in which he was con-
victed and (2) refusing to admit evidence of the victim’s
criminal complaint against a previous boyfriend. We
affirm the judgment of the trial court.
The record reveals the following facts and procedural
history that inform our analysis of the defendant’s
claims on appeal. Prior to the events at issue in the
present appeal, the defendant and the victim lived
together and had a child together. Sometime thereafter,
the court issued a protective order against the defen-
dant to protect the victim. On January 5, 2017, while
the protective order was in effect, the defendant went
to the victim’s apartment, physically assaulted her, and
fled on their child’s bicycle. The defendant was charged
with criminal violation of a protective order, failure to
comply with fingerprint requirements, larceny in the
sixth degree, and assault in the third degree. The defen-
dant pleaded guilty to criminal violation of a protective
order on February 8, 2017 (underlying conviction), and
the state nolled the remaining charges. On April 27,
2017, the defendant was sentenced to four years of
incarceration, execution suspended after 120 days, and
three years of probation.
The defendant was released from the custody of the
Commissioner of Correction on May 4, 2017, and signed
his conditions of probation on May 15, 2017. Those
conditions required the defendant to comply with the
protective order in effect, which prohibited him from
contacting the victim and required him to stay 100 yards
away from her. On May 23, 2017, the victim contacted
the defendant’s probation supervisor, Thomas Buikus
II, and informed him that the defendant had come to
her home, harassed her, and vandalized her property.
On the same date, she gave a statement to Officer Juan
Rivera III of the East Hartford Police Department, relat-
ing that she heard a banging noise outside of her apart-
ment and, after investigating, saw the defendant looking
in her window. She further stated that the defendant
had come to her apartment on a bicycle, and, after
about ten minutes, he left the premises on the bicycle.
An arrest warrant was issued for the defendant on
August 3, 2017, for his violation of probation by failing to
adhere to the no contact condition. The state thereafter
charged the defendant with violation of probation, and,
following a hearing, the court found that the defendant
had violated the conditions of his probation, revoked
his probation, and sentenced him to forty-four months
of incarceration. This appeal followed. Additional facts
will be set forth as necessary.
I
The defendant first claims that the court abused its
discretion by admitting into evidence during the viola-
tion of probation hearing a police report concerning
his prior arrest relating to the underlying conviction
because it contained inadmissible hearsay. More specif-
ically, the defendant claims that the report was improp-
erly admitted under the business record exception to
the hearsay rule and as reliable hearsay, and because
it contained double hearsay.
During the probation violation hearing, Rivera testi-
fied as a witness for the state. The following examina-
tion transpired:
‘‘[Defense Counsel]: And are you aware of the . . .
victim [having] a history of calling the East Hartford
Police Department with similar complaints?
‘‘[Rivera]: I was not—
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: Objection, Your Honor, rele-
vance. . . .
‘‘[Defense Counsel]: I would claim it only as to her
credibility, Your Honor.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: She’s not testified, Your Honor.
‘‘The Court: It’s overruled. You can answer, if you
know, officer.
‘‘[Rivera]: The only—I knew from looking up her his-
tory that she was involved with a case within a few
months prior. That was pretty much all I knew.
‘‘[Defense Counsel]: With another defendant?
‘‘[Rivera]: No, I believe it was with [the defendant].’’
The state then conducted redirect examination of
Rivera.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: Officer Rivera, you indicated on
cross-examination that you checked the incidents for
[the defendant] previously that [the victim] was
involved with. Do you—and you indicated that there
was an arrest by Officer Sanzo with regard to [the
defendant]?
‘‘[Rivera]: Yeah. At the same apartment, Officer Sanzo
had an arrest with him.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: Can you identify that document
for the court?
‘‘[Rivera]: Yeah, this is . . . the case report for Offi-
cer Sanzo at 126 Silver Lane.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: And was that document taken in
the ordinary course of business?
‘‘[Rivera]: Correct.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: And it’s prepared by the East Hart-
ford Police Department in the ordinary course of
business?
‘‘[Rivera]: Yes.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: And is it kept by them in that
same regard?
‘‘[Rivera]: Yes.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: And was it made at or around the
time of the incident that it purports to document?
‘‘[Rivera]: Yes.
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: I’d offer state’s exhibit 4 as a full
exhibit at this time, Your Honor. . . .
‘‘[Defense Counsel]: Your Honor, I’m going to object
to this document as hearsay because Officer Sanzo isn’t
here to testify about it. And this officer didn’t . . . cre-
ate the report. . . .
‘‘[The Prosecutor]: It is hearsay, Your Honor. I’ve
indicated a[n] . . . exception to the hearsay rule, a
business record. I would also indicate that its relevance
is made clear through the defendant’s cross-examina-
tion of this witness, Your Honor. And I would also
indicate that it goes to, being that this is a two tiered
hearing, one that indicates the defendant’s ability to
conform to the conditions of probation . . . . If Your
Honor indeed finds him in violation of probation, that
this document would go to that issue. . . .
‘‘[Defense Counsel]: . . . Your Honor . . . in my
direct examination, we didn’t really touch on any of
the bases of the underlying conviction. And it doesn’t
appear that this witness has personal knowledge of the
prior arrest as to indicate what would be required for
a disability as a business record. I understand the court
may be able to look at it as part, but it’s just simply in
terms of liability.
‘‘The Court: Well, the business record exception does
not require that the authenticator be the author, and
this is a violation of probation hearing, reliable hearsay
is allowed. I’ll offer it both for adjudication and dispo-
sition.
‘‘[Defense Counsel]: All right, thank you, Your
Honor.’’
We first note that ‘‘the Connecticut Code of Evidence
does not apply to proceedings involving probation. Sec-
tion 1-1 (d) (4) of the Connecticut Code of Evidence
specifically provides: The Code, other than with respect
to privileges, does not apply in proceedings such as,
but not limited to, the following . . . [p]roceedings
involving probation.’’ (Internal quotation marks omit-
ted.) State v. Megos, 176 Conn. App. 133, 146, 170 A.3d
120 (2017). ‘‘It is well settled that probation proceedings
are informal and that strict rules of evidence do not
apply to them. . . . Hearsay evidence may be admitted
in a probation revocation hearing if it is relevant, reli-
able and probative. . . . At the same time, [t]he pro-
cess . . . is not so flexible as to be completely unre-
strained; there must be some indication that the
information presented to the court is responsible and
has some minimal indicia of reliability.’’ (Internal quota-
tion marks omitted.) Id.; see also State v. Giovanni
P., 155 Conn. App. 322, 327, 110 A.3d 442 (‘‘[h]earsay
evidence may be admitted in a probation revocation
hearing if it is relevant, reliable and probative’’[internal
quotation marks omitted]), cert. denied, 316 Conn. 909,
111 A.3d 883 (2015).
On appeal, the defendant claims that the trial court
abused its discretion by admitting the police report1
under the business record exception to the hearsay rule
and, further, because the court ‘‘sua sponte broadened
the bases for admission to include reliable hearsay’’
although the police report did not meet the standards
for reliable hearsay. The defendant argues that the
police report was unreliable because ‘‘[i]t details a very
violent attack and home invasion,’’ even though the
defendant was convicted only on the charge of criminal
violation of a protective order, and not on the assault
charge, which was nolled.2 The defendant further claims
that the police report was improperly admitted because
it contained double hearsay, insofar as the report docu-
mented statements made by the victim and her then
boyfriend. In response, the state argues that the police
report was indeed reliable because the report was pre-
pared by a police officer in the course of his duties
shortly after the incident in question and was corrobo-
rated at least in part by another officer who testified
at the hearing, the victim testified that the defendant
previously had violated protective orders that had been
put in place against him, and the defendant testified at
the hearing that he was arrested and convicted twice
in 2013 and once in 2017 for violating protective orders
in place to protect the victim.
We disagree with the defendant’s characterization of
the court’s ruling. We construe the court’s ruling to
indicate that the police report was ultimately admitted
as reliable hearsay. We consider the trial court’s admis-
sion of the police report as reliable hearsay particularly
mindful of the following principles. ‘‘The evidentiary
standard for probation violation proceedings is broad.
. . . [T]he court may . . . consider the types of infor-
mation properly considered at an original sentencing
hearing because a revocation hearing is merely a recon-
vention of the original sentencing hearing. . . . The
court may, therefore, consider hearsay information, evi-
dence of crimes for which the defendant was indicted
but neither tried nor convicted, evidence of crimes for
which the defendant was acquitted, and evidence of
indictments or informations that were dismissed.’’
(Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Megos,
supra, 176 Conn. App. 147. After reviewing the record,
we conclude that the court did not abuse its discretion
in admitting as reliable hearsay the police report from
the underlying case in which the defendant was con-
victed. Because the report was properly admitted as
reliable hearsay, we need not address the defendant’s
claims related to the business record exception.3
II
The defendant’s second claim is that the court abused
its discretion by failing to admit evidence of the victim’s
criminal complaint against a previous boyfriend and,
therefore, violated the defendant’s due process right to
confront witnesses against him. We disagree.
The following additional facts and procedural history
are relevant to our disposition of this claim. At the
violation of probation hearing, defense counsel prof-
fered a police report from 2014, which was prompted
by the victim’s complaint against a previous boyfriend,
John Henry (Henry police report). Defense counsel
sought to use the Henry police report to impeach the
victim’s credibility with regard to bias, interest, or preju-
dice against the defendant. Defense counsel argued that
the Henry police report showed the victim’s ‘‘prejudice
against old boyfriends, and calling the police on [them].’’
Counsel further argued that the report was similar to
the present incident because there was little proof to
support the victim’s allegation insofar as when the
responding officer arrived, ‘‘no one was there.’’ The
prosecutor objected on the basis of relevance, because
the prior incident involved a different time, location,
and individual. The court sustained the prosecutor’s
objection because there was no indication that the vic-
tim’s prior complaint was false and, therefore, the court
concluded, the evidence was not relevant.4
‘‘Ordinarily, [o]ur standard of review regarding chal-
lenges to a trial court’s evidentiary rulings is that these
rulings will be overturned on appeal only where there
was an abuse of discretion and a showing by the defen-
dant of substantial prejudice or injustice. . . . In
reviewing claims that the trial court abused its discre-
tion, great weight is given to the trial court’s decision
and every reasonable presumption is given in favor of
its correctness. . . . We will reverse the trial court’s
ruling only if it could not reasonably conclude as it did.’’
(Internal quotation marks omitted.) State v. Young, 63
Conn. App. 794, 798, 778 A.2d 1015, cert. denied, 258
Conn. 903, 782 A.2d 140 (2001).
‘‘[R]evocation of [probation] is not part of a criminal
prosecution and thus the full panoply of rights due
a defendant in such a proceeding does not apply to
[probation] revocations. . . . A probation revocation
hearing must lead to a final evaluation of any contested
relevant facts and consideration of whether the facts
as determined warrant revocation. . . . A probationer
is entitled to be heard and show, if possible, that a
violation did not occur. The inquiry is a narrow one
and the process should be flexible enough to consider
evidence including letters, affidavits, and other material
that would not be admissible in an adversary criminal
trial. . . .
‘‘The process, however, is not so flexible as to be
completely unrestrained; there must be some indication
that the information presented to the court is responsi-
ble and has some minimal indicia of reliability. . . .
Both the probationer . . . and the [s]tate have inter-
ests in the accurate finding of fact and the informed
use of discretion—the probationer . . . to insure that
his liberty is not unjustifiably taken away and the [s]tate
to make certain that it is neither unnecessarily inter-
rupting a successful effort at rehabilitation nor impru-
dently prejudicing the safety of the community. . . .
[T]he state, as well as the probationer, has an interest
in a reliable determination of whether probation has
been violated.’’ (Citations omitted; emphasis in original;
internal quotation marks omitted.) Id., 799–800.
On appeal, the defendant claims that the court
improperly excluded the Henry police report because
it would have shown a pattern of the victim making
false or exaggerated claims against former boyfriends
and, therefore, would have impeached the victim’s cred-
ibility. Defense counsel admitted on the record that
there was no indication of falsity in the victim’s criminal
complaint about Henry in the report. The defendant
also argues, somewhat contrarily, that the evidence was
not offered as to the victim’s veracity, but as to bias,
and, therefore, the evidence did not need to be false to
be relevant. The defendant, however, failed to present
any evidence of bias on the part of the victim against
the defendant.5 On the basis of the foregoing, it is appar-
ent that the Henry police report failed entirely to show
bias or prejudice on the part of the victim against the
defendant. The defendant’s claim is also inherently
problematic because he is, in effect, asking this court
to conclude that a victim’s trustworthiness is directly
related to the number of criminal complaints that he
or she has filed. We conclude that the court did not
abuse its discretion in excluding the Henry police
report. Because the defendant’s evidentiary claim fails,
his constitutional claim also fails. See State v. Durdek,
184 Conn. App. 492, 511 n.10, 195 A.3d 388, cert. denied,
330 Conn. 934, 194 A.3d 1197 (2018).
The judgment is affirmed.
In this opinion the other judges concurred.
* In accordance with federal law; see 18 U.S.C. § 2265 (d) (3) (2012); we
decline to identify any party protected or sought to be protected under a
protective order or a restraining order that was issued or applied for, or
others through whom that party’s identity may be ascertained.
1
That report described the incident leading to the defendant’s arrest for
criminal violation of a protective order and assault.
2
Although the defendant’s argument pertains to the fact that the assault
charge against him was nolled, we note that the charges of larceny and
failure to comply with fingerprint requirements against him were also nolled.
3
The defendant also claims on appeal that his due process right to confront
and cross-examine adverse witnesses, pursuant to Morrissey v. Brewer, 408
U.S. 471, 489, 92 S. Ct. 2593, 33 L. Ed. 2d 484 (1972), was violated because
he was not able to confront the author of the police report, as well as the
victim and her then boyfriend who gave statements to the police. See State
v. Shakir, 130 Conn. App. 458, 466–468, 22 A.3d 1285, cert. denied, 302 Conn.
931, 28 A.3d 345 (2011). The defendant did not preserve this constitutional
claim because he failed to raise an objection that provided opposing counsel
and the court with fair notice of that claim. See id., 462 (claim unpreserved
where defendant objected solely on basis of unreliable hearsay); State v.
Crespo, 190 Conn. App. 639, 647, 211 A.3d 1027 (2019) (claim unpreserved
where defendant never argued that court was required to conduct balancing
test to determine whether due process right was violated). Because the
defendant failed to preserve the claim, it is not reviewable by this court. It
is also on this basis that the record is inadequate to afford the defendant
review pursuant to State v. Golding, 213 Conn. 233, 567 A.2d 823 (1989), as
modified by In re Yasiel R., 317 Conn. 773, 781, 120 A.3d 1188 (2015). See
State v. Crespo, supra, 648. To the extent that the defendant separately
makes a purely evidentiary claim on double hearsay grounds, this claim
was not preserved because the defendant did not make an objection based
on double hearsay before the trial court.
4
When questioned on the falsity of the victim’s complaint made against
Henry in 2014, defense counsel admitted: ‘‘I don’t have any indication it
was construed to be false, Your Honor. Simply they didn’t find him at the
apartment and there was further investigation to follow.’’
5
In support of his argument, the defendant cites to State v. Cortes, 276
Conn. 241, 256, 885 A.2d 153 (2005), for the proposition that the end of an
emotionally charged sexual relationship ‘‘generates greater bias and motive
to fabricate accusations than an argument between friends or acquain-
tances.’’ The defendant, however, failed to present evidence that the end
of his relationship with the victim was emotionally charged and, further,
failed to present evidence that the victim’s relationship with Henry was
sexual in nature and ended emotionally.