CLAUDIANE SANTOS DE JESUS and SARAH DERISSEAU SANTOS v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
CLAUDIANE SANTOS DE
JESUS and SARAH DERISSEAU
SANTOS
Petitioners,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 21-1319
Agency Nos. A209-166-362
A209-166-363
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted June 26, 2023**
Seattle, Washington
Before: N.R. SMITH, LEE, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.
FILED
JUN 28 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

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Claudiane Santos De Jesus petitions for review of an order of the Board of
Immigration Appeals (BIA) dismissing her appeal of an Immigration Judge’s (IJ)
decision. The IJ denied her applications for asylum (on which her minor child is
listed as a beneficiary), withholding of removal, and relief under the Convention
Against Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(1) and
deny the petition for review.
Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s determination that Santos is not a
member of her proposed particular social group of “Brazilian single mothers who
resist Brazilian criminal gang demands” because Santos identifies no evidence that
she resisted the men who robbed her, and she conceded that she did not physically
react or say anything during the robberies. See Santos-Ponce v. Wilkinson, 987
F.3d 886, 890 (9th Cir. 2021). Likewise, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s
determination that the men who robbed Santos did not impute to her a political
opinion of resisting criminal gang demands because Santos presents no evidence of
the men’s political views or that they perceived her as holding that political
opinion. See Garcia-Milian v. Holder, 755 F.3d 1026, 1031–33 (9th Cir. 2014).
Accordingly, substantial evidence supports the BIA’s determination that Santos
failed to show that any past persecution was on account of a protected ground.
2

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Thus, she failed to establish eligibility for asylum and withholding of removal.1
See 8 U.S.C. §§ 1158(b)(1)(B), 1231(b)(3)(A).
Substantial evidence supports the BIA’s determination that Santos failed to
establish eligibility for CAT protection because Santos presents only generalized
country condition reports that do not show that she would be subject to torture
upon return to Brazil with the consent or acquiescence of the Brazilian
government. See Delgado-Ortiz v. Holder, 600 F.3d 1148, 1152 (9th Cir. 2010)
(per curiam). And because Santos did not report the robberies to the police, the
record does not compel a conclusion that the police would consent to or acquiesce
in any future harm to Santos. See Afriyie v. Holder, 613 F.3d 924, 931 (9th Cir.
2010), overruled on other grounds by Bringas-Rodriguez v. Sessions, 850 F.3d
1051 (9th Cir. 2017) (en banc).
PETITION DENIED.
1 Santos does not challenge the BIA’s conclusion that she failed to establish
“a well-founded fear of future persecution or a clear probability of harm based on a
protected ground,” and has thus abandoned a challenge to that determination. See
Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1080 (9th Cir. 2013).
3

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