01a0386p.06

99-6729Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit1 nov. 2001

Texte intégral

$W WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V VXJJHVWLRQ LQ ZKLFK ZH FRQFXU WKH LGHQWLWLHV
RI ³-RKQ 'RH´ DQG ³5LFKDUG 5RH´ DUH QRW UHYHDOHG
7KH +RQRUDEOH 'DYLG 0 /DZVRQ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW -XGJH IRU
WKH (DVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 0LFKLJDQ VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21
3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH
(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21 )(' $SS 3 WK &LU
)LOH 1DPH DS
81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6
)257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$
3ODLQWLII$SSHOOHH
Y
-2+1 '2(
'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW
;!

1
1R
$SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW
IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI7HQQHVVHHDW&KDWWDQRRJD
1R²&XUWLV/&ROOLHU'LVWULFW-XGJH
$UJXHG0DUFK
'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG1RYHPEHU
%HIRUH5<$1DQG%$7&+(/'(5&LUFXLW-XGJHV
/$:621'LVWULFW-XGJH

-- 1 of 4 --

8QLWHG6WDWHVY'RH 1R
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
&2816(/
$5*8(' (OL]DEHWK + )RVV 63($56 0225(
5(%0$1 :,//,$06 &KDWWDQRRJD 7HQQHVVHH IRU
$SSHOODQW 0LFKDHO ( :LQFN $66,67$17 81,7('
67$7(6$77251(<.QR[YLOOH7HQQHVVHHIRU$SSHOOHH
21 %5,() +RZHOO * &OHPHQWV 63($56 0225(
5(%0$1 :,//,$06 &KDWWDQRRJD 7HQQHVVHH IRU
$SSHOODQW 0LFKDHO ( :LQFN $66,67$17 81,7('
67$7(6$77251(<.QR[YLOOH7HQQHVVHHIRU$SSHOOHH
5<$1 - GHOLYHUHG WKH RSLQLRQ RI WKH FRXUW LQ ZKLFK
%$7&+(/'(5 - MRLQHG /$:621 ' - SS
GHOLYHUHGDVHSDUDWHFRQFXUULQJRSLQLRQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
23,1,21
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
5<$1 &LUFXLW -XGJH 7KH GHIHQGDQW -RKQ 'RH
VXEVWDQWLDOO\ DVVLVWHG WKH JRYHUQPHQW E\ SURYLGLQJ
LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ LOOHJDO GUXJ DFWLYLWLHV EXW WKH
JRYHUQPHQWGHOD\HGLQILOLQJDPRWLRQSXUVXDQWWR)HGHUDO
5XOHRI&ULPLQDO3URFHGXUH E XQWLORYHUWZRDQGDKDOI
\HDUVDIWHU'RH¶VVHQWHQFLQJ7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWFRQFOXGHG
WKDWLWODFNHGMXULVGLFWLRQWRGHFLGHWKHJRYHUQPHQW¶VPRWLRQ
EHFDXVHWKHJRYHUQPHQWKDGIDLOHGWRFRPSO\ZLWKWKHWLPH
OLPLWDWLRQVVHWIRUWKLQ5XOH E :HZLOODIILUP
,
%HFDXVH 'RH VXEVWDQWLDOO\ DVVLVWHG WKH JRYHUQPHQW E\
SURYLGLQJ LQIRUPDWLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ WKH GUXJ DFWLYLWLHV RI
5LFKDUG 5RH WKH FRXUW GHSDUWHG GRZQZDUG IURP WKH
DSSOLFDEOHJXLGHOLQHUDQJHDQGVHQWHQFHG'RHWRPRQWKV
IRU KLV FRQYLFWLRQ RI SRVVHVVLRQ ZLWK LQWHQW WR GLVWULEXWH
FRFDLQH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI 86& † D 'RH DOVR
FODLPVHQWLWOHPHQWWRDQDGGLWLRQDOUHGXFWLRQSXUVXDQWWR5XOH

-- 2 of 4 --

8QLWHG6WDWHVY'RH 1R
GRHV QRW DGGUHVV DOO RI WKH H[LJHQFLHV WKDW FDQ DULVH ,W
OLNHZLVH GRHV QRW DOORZ FRXUWV WR DGGUHVV WKH PDQLIHVW
XQIDLUQHVV WKDW ZDV FDXVHG E\ WKH JRYHUQPHQW¶V IDLOXUH WR
DELGH E\ 5XOH V ILOLQJ UHTXLUHPHQWV IRU UHDVRQV VROHO\
ZLWKLQWKHFRQWURORIWKHJRYHUQPHQWDVRFFXUUHGKHUH1RU
GRHV WKH 5XOH SURYLGH D PHFKDQLVP IRU GHDOLQJ ZLWK
GHIHQGDQWVZKRFRRSHUDWHPRUHWKDQRQH\HDUDIWHUVHQWHQFLQJ
ZKHQ WKH LQIRUPDWLRQ LV NQRZQ WR WKHP EHIRUHKDQG VHH
8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y &DUH\ VXSUD RU ZKHQ WKH JRYHUQPHQW
EHODWHGO\ UHDOL]HV WKH XVHIXOQHVV RI WLPHO\GLVJRUJHG
LQIRUPDWLRQ 6HH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y 2UR]FR )G
WK&LU
,Q P\ YLHZ WKLV &RXUW VKRXOG MRLQ ZLWK RWKHU FRXUWV LQ
XUJLQJDQDPHQGPHQWWR5XOH E ZKLFKZLOOSHUPLWGLVWULFW
FRXUWVWRDGPLQLVWHUVXEVWDQWLDOMXVWLFH6HHHJ2UR]FR
)GDWQLQZKLFKWKH&RXUWQRWHG³>:@HDJUHHZLWK
WKH GLVWULFW MXGJH WKDW WKLV FDVH GHPRQVWUDWHV D IDFWXDO
VLWXDWLRQ WKDW &RQJUHVV VKRXOG FRQVLGHU ZKHQ LW QH[W
FRQWHPSODWHV UHYLVLRQ RI WKLV UXOH 7KDW LV ZH KRSH WKDW
&RQJUHVV ZLOO DGGUHVV WKH DSSDUHQW XQIRUHVHHQ VLWXDWLRQ
SUHVHQWHGLQWKLVFDVH´6HHDOVRLGDW +LOO-
FRQFXUULQJ ³7KH IDFWV RI WKLV FDVH LOOXVWUDWH WKH QHDU
LPSRVVLELOLW\ RI FRGLI\LQJ WKDW ZKLFK RXJKW WR EH OHIW WR
MXGLFLDOGLVFUHWLRQ>$@OOWKDWZHFDQGRLVVXJJHVWWKDW
&RQJUHVV LQ LWV RZQ JRRG WLPH DWWHPSW E\ IXUWKHU
FRGLILFDWLRQWRVHHWKDWLWGRHVQRWKDSSHQWRVRPHRQHHOVH
:H RXJKW WR GR EHWWHU WKDQ WKLV´ DQG ,G DW
.UDYLWFK-FRQFXUULQJ ³7KDWWKHODQJXDJHRIWKHUXOHLWVHOI
IDLOV WR FDUU\ RXW REYLRXV DQG LPSRUWDQW SROLF>LHV@
PDQLIHVWV DQ XUJHQW QHHG IRU &RQJUHVV WR UHFRQVLGHU 5XOH
´
:KHQWKHJRYHUQPHQWPDNHVDSURPLVHLWRXJKWWRNHHSLW
7KHUXOHVRIFULPLQDOSURFHGXUHVKRXOGIDFLOLWDWHQRWLQKLELW
JRRGIDLWKDQGIDLUGHDOLQJZLWKLQWKHIHGHUDOFULPLQDOMXVWLFH
V\VWHP
1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY'RH
E KRZHYHU WKH JRYHUQPHQW GLG QRW ILOH D 5XOH E
PRWLRQXQWLO-XQHRYHUWZRDQGDKDOI\HDUVDIWHU
'RH¶VVHQWHQFLQJ7KHJRYHUQPHQWGHOD\HGILOLQJLWVPRWLRQ
EHFDXVH5RHKDGDSSHDOHGKLVFRQYLFWLRQDQGKDG5RHEHHQ
VXFFHVVIXOWKHJRYHUQPHQWWKRXJKWLWPLJKWQHHG'RHDVD
ZLWQHVVGXULQJ5RH¶VQHZWULDO
)HGHUDO5XOHRI&ULPLQDO3URFHGXUH E VWDWHV
E 5HGXFWLRQ RI 6HQWHQFH IRU 6XEVWDQWLDO
$VVLVWDQFH,IWKH*RYHUQPHQWVRPRYHVZLWKLQRQH\HDU
DIWHUWKHVHQWHQFHLVLPSRVHGWKH FRXUWPD\UHGXFHD
VHQWHQFHWRUHIOHFWDGHIHQGDQW¶VVXEVHTXHQWVXEVWDQWLDO
DVVLVWDQFHLQLQYHVWLJDWLQJRUSURVHFXWLQJDQRWKHUSHUVRQ
LQDFFRUGDQFHZLWKWKHJXLGHOLQHVDQGSROLF\VWDWHPHQWV
LVVXHGE\WKH6HQWHQFLQJ&RPPLVVLRQXQGHU86&
†7KHFRXUWPD\FRQVLGHUDJRYHUQPHQWPRWLRQWR
UHGXFH D VHQWHQFH PDGH RQH \HDU RU PRUH DIWHU WKH
VHQWHQFH LV LPSRVHG LI WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V VXEVWDQWLDO
DVVLVWDQFHLQYROYHVLQIRUPDWLRQRUHYLGHQFHQRWNQRZQ
E\WKHGHIHQGDQWXQWLORQH\HDURUPRUHDIWHUVHQWHQFHLV
LPSRVHG,QHYDOXDWLQJZKHWKHUVXEVWDQWLDODVVLVWDQFH
KDV EHHQ UHQGHUHG WKH FRXUW PD\ FRQVLGHU WKH
GHIHQGDQW¶V SUHVHQWHQFH DVVLVWDQFH ,Q DSSO\LQJ WKLV
VXEGLYLVLRQWKHFRXUWPD\UHGXFHWKHVHQWHQFHWRDOHYHO
EHORZWKDWHVWDEOLVKHGE\VWDWXWHDVDPLQLPXPVHQWHQFH
)HG5&ULP3 E HPSKDVLVDGGHG
7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWKHOGDKHDULQJRQWKHJRYHUQPHQW¶V5XOH
E PRWLRQ RQ 6HSWHPEHU ,Q LWV RSLQLRQ WKH
GLVWULFWFRXUWFRQFOXGHGWKDWLWODFNHGMXULVGLFWLRQWRGHFLGH
WKHPRWLRQEHFDXVHWKHJRYHUQPHQWKDGQRWFRPSOLHGZLWK
5XOH E ¶V VWDWXWH RI OLPLWDWLRQ UHTXLULQJ WKDW WKH
JRYHUQPHQWILOHWKHPRWLRQZLWKLQRQH\HDUDIWHUWKHVHQWHQFH
LVLPSRVHGZKHQWKHLQIRUPDWLRQLVNQRZQWRWKHGHIHQGDQW
GXULQJWKDWWLPH'RHWKHQWLPHO\ILOHGDQDSSHDO

-- 3 of 4 --

8QLWHG6WDWHVY'RH 1R
,,
7KH +RQRUDEOH &XUWLV / &ROOLHU 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW
-XGJH SUHSDUHG D ZHOOUHDVRQHG RSLQLRQ WKDW WKRURXJKO\
GLVFXVVHGDQGDQDO\]HGWKH5XOH E LVVXHSUHVHQWHGLQWKLV
FDVH%HFDXVHZHDJUHHZLWK-XGJH&ROOLHU¶VUHDVRQLQJDQG
FRQFOXVLRQ DQG EHFDXVH ZH FDQQRW LPSURYH XSRQ KLV
H[FHOOHQWRSLQLRQZHDGRSW-XGJH&ROOLHU¶VRSLQLRQDVRXU
RZQ
$FFRUGLQJO\ ZH $)),50 WKH MXGJPHQW RI WKH GLVWULFW
FRXUW
1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY'RH
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
&21&855(1&(
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
/$:621 'LVWULFW -XGJH FRQFXUULQJ , FRQFXU LQ WKH
MXGJPHQWRIWKH&RXUWDQG,MRLQLQWKHPDMRULW\¶VDGRSWLRQRI
-XGJH&ROOLHU¶VZHOOUHDVRQHGRSLQLRQ7KHSODLQODQJXDJHRI
5XOHSUHFOXGHVGLVWULFWFRXUWVIURPFRQVLGHULQJPRWLRQVWR
UHGXFHVHQWHQFHVZKLFKDUHQRWILOHG³ZLWKLQRQH\HDUDIWHUWKH
VHQWHQFHLVLPSRVHG´XQOHVVWKHH[FHSWLRQVWDWHGLQWKH5XOH
DSSOLHV6LQFHRQO\WKHJRYHUQPHQWPD\ILOHVXFKDPRWLRQ
XQGHU 5XOH DIWHU WKH DPHQGPHQWV WRRN HIIHFW
DOORZLQJ WKH JRYHUQPHQW WR ³ZDLYH´ WKH WLPH OLPLW ZRXOG
LPSURSHUO\FHGHWRLWWKHDXWKRULW\WRGHWHUPLQHZKHQFRXUW
UXOHLPSRVHGGHDGOLQHVZRXOGEHHQIRUFHG6HH8QLWHG6WDWHV
Y0F'RZHOO)G WK&LU
,ZULWHVHSDUDWHO\KRZHYHUWRHPSKDVL]HWKDWDUXOHVXFK
DVWKLVZKLFKGRHVQRWFRQWDLQD³VDIHW\YDOYH´WKDWDOORZV
WULDO MXGJHV WKH PHDVXUHG IOH[LELOLW\ WR GHDO ZLWK
FLUFXPVWDQFHV XQIRUHVHHQ E\ WKH GUDIWHUV ZLOO \LHOG XQMXVW
UHVXOWVZKLFKFDQXQGHUPLQHWKHSROLFLHVWKHUXOHLVLQWHQGHG
WRSURPRWH$PRQJ5XOH VSROLF\JRDOVLGHQWLILHGE\WKH
)RXUWK &LUFXLW IRU H[DPSOH DUH ILQDOLW\ LQ VHQWHQFLQJ E\
GLVFRXUDJLQJ PDQLSXODWLRQ RI WKH SURFHVV DQG PRWLYDWLQJ
FULPLQDO GHIHQGDQWV WR EH SURPSW DQG FRPSOHWH LQ WKHLU
FRRSHUDWLRQ8QLWHG6WDWHVY&DUH\)G
WK&LU FHUWGHQLHG86 %RWKRI
WKRVHJRDOVZHUHIXOILOOHGLQWKLVFDVH\HWWKHGHIHQGDQWGLG
QRW UHFHLYH WKH EHQHILW RI KLV HIIRUWV EHFDXVH RI WKH
JRYHUQPHQW¶V IDLOXUH WR SURPSWO\ SHUIRUP $OORZLQJ WKDW
GHIDXOWWRUHPDLQXQFXUHGZLOOXQGHUPLQHFRQILGHQFHLQWKH
JRYHUQPHQWDQGSRVVLEO\MHRSDUGL]HIXWXUHFRRSHUDWLRQZKHQ
WKH UHVXOW RI WKLV FDVH ILOWHUV EDFN WR WKRVH IURP ZKRP
FRRSHUDWLRQLVVRXJKW
7KHRQHH[FHSWLRQSUHVHQWO\LQFOXGHGLQ5XOH±WKDWRI
SHUPLWWLQJDGMXGLFDWLRQRIDPRWLRQWRUHGXFHVHQWHQFHZKHQ
WKH FRRSHUDWLQJ GHIHQGDQW GRHV QRW OHDUQ RI WKH KHOSIXO
LQIRUPDWLRQXQWLODIWHUWKHRQH\HDUGHDGOLQHKDVH[SLUHG±

-- 4 of 4 --

Poursuivez vos recherches dans ChatGPT ou Claude

Connectez Omnilex pour rechercher dans le corpus juridique depuis votre assistant IA.