00a0244p.06

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
GHIHQGDQWVRQ:DWNLQV¶VFODLPIRULQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRI
HPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVDOEHLWIRUUHDVRQVRWKHUWKDQWKRVHVWDWHG
E\WKHPDMRULW\DQGE\WKHGLVWULFWFRXUW

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21
3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH
(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21 )(' $SS 3 WK &LU
)LOH 1DPH DS
81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6
)257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
$1'5( :$7.,16
3ODLQWLII$SSHOODQW
Y
&,7< 2) 6287+),(/' 0$5.
:22' / 3257(5DQG-$1(
'2(
'HIHQGDQWV$SSHOOHHV
;!

1
1R
$SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW
IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQDW'HWURLW
1R²3DXO'%RUPDQ'LVWULFW-XGJH
6XEPLWWHG0DUFK
'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG-XO\
%HIRUH:(//)25'6,/(5DQG*,/0$1&LUFXLW
-XGJHV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
&2816(/
21 %5,() (UQHVW / -DUUHWW 'HWURLW 0LFKLJDQ IRU
$SSHOODQW -RVHSK 1LPDNR &800,1*6 0F&/25(<
'$9,6 $&+2/LYRQLD0LFKLJDQIRU$SSHOOHH

-- 1 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
:(//)25' - GHOLYHUHG WKH RSLQLRQ RI WKH FRXUW LQ
ZKLFK6,/(5-MRLQHG*,/0$1- SS GHOLYHUHG
DVHSDUDWHFRQFXUULQJRSLQLRQ
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
23,1,21
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
+$55<::(//)25'&LUFXLW-XGJH$QGUH:DWNLQV
DSSHDOV WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V GHFLVLRQ WR JUDQW VXPPDU\
MXGJPHQWLQIDYRURIWKHGHIHQGDQWVLQWKLVVXLWDULVLQJRXWRI
DVWRSRI:DWNLQV¶FDU+HDOOHJHVWKDW/DZUHQFH3RUWHUDQG
0DUN:RRGERWKRIILFHUVRIWKH6RXWKILHOG 0LFKLJDQ 3ROLFH
'HSDUWPHQWYLRODWHGKLVFRQVWLWXWLRQDOULJKWVZKHQZLWKRXW
D UHDVRQDEOH EDVLV IRU GRLQJ VR WKH\ IRUFLEO\ VWRSSHG
:DWNLQV¶FDUSXOOHGKLPRXWDWJXQSRLQWKDQGFXIIHGKLP
SXVKHGKLPLQWRWKHEDFNVHDWRIWKHLUSDWUROFDUTXHVWLRQHG
KLPDQGHYHQWXDOO\UHOHDVHGKLPZLWKDWLFNHWIRUGLVREH\LQJ
DSROLFHRIILFHU¶VVLJQDOWRVWRS
:DWNLQV ILOHG VXLW DJDLQVW 3RUWHU :RRG DQRWKHU
XQLGHQWLILHG RIILFHU DQG WKH &LW\ RI 6RXWKILHOG DOOHJLQJ D
GHSULYDWLRQ RI KLV FRQVWLWXWLRQDO ULJKWV XQGHU 86&
† DQG WKH LQWHQWLRQDO LQIOLFWLRQ RI HPRWLRQDO GLVWUHVV
XQGHUVWDWHODZ7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWUXOHGWKDWWKHGHIHQGDQWV
ZHUHHQWLWOHGWRVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWRQERWKFODLPV)RUWKH
UHDVRQVEHORZZH$)),50WKHGLVWULFWFRXUW
,%$&.*5281'
$W WKH WLPH RI WKH LQFLGHQW LQ TXHVWLRQ :DWNLQV ZDV D
VHYHQWHHQ\HDUROG KLJK VFKRRO VHQLRU +LV IULHQG DQG
SDVVHQJHU -HUPDLQH *DEULHO ZDV D IHZ \HDUV ROGHU
6RPHZKHUH EHWZHHQ IRXU DQG ILYH R¶FORFN LQ WKH HDUO\
PRUQLQJRI-XO\:DWNLQVZDVGULYLQJ*DEULHOKRPH
DIWHU DQ HYHQLQJ VSHQW DW :DWNLQV¶ KRPH $ PDUNHG
6RXWKILHOG 3ROLFH 'HSDUWPHQW SDWURO FDU RSHUDWHG E\
GHIHQGDQWV3RUWHUDQG:RRGSDVVHG:DWNLQVWUDYHOLQJLQWKH
RSSRVLWH GLUHFWLRQ DQG WKH RIILFHUV WKHQ EHJDQ WR IROORZ
:DWNLQV 7KH\ GLG QRW KRZHYHU LPPHGLDWHO\ VLJQDO IRU
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
GHJUHHRIWUDQVLHQWDQGWULYLDOHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVLVDSDUW
RIWKHSULFHRIOLYLQJDPRQJSHRSOH7KHODZLQWHUYHQHV
RQO\ ZKHUH WKH GLVWUHVV LQIOLFWHG LV VR VHYHUH WKDW QR
UHDVRQDEOH PDQ FRXOG EH H[SHFWHG WR HQGXUH LW 7KH
LQWHQVLW\DQGWKHGXUDWLRQRIWKHGLVWUHVVDUHIDFWRUVWREH
FRQVLGHUHGLQGHWHUPLQLQJLWVVHYHULW\´
3UDWW Y %URZQ 0DFK &R )G WK &LU
TXRWLQJ 5(67$7(0(17 6(&21' 2) 72576 †
FPWM HPSKDVLVDGGHG
+HUH DOWKRXJK :DWNLQV VWDWHG LQ KLV GHSRVLWLRQ WKDW DW
FHUWDLQWLPHVKHZDV³VFDUHG´³IULJKWHQHG´DQG³VXUSULVHG´
KHKDVIDLOHGWRVHWIRUWKDQ\HYLGHQFHWKDWKHKDVVXIIHUHGD
OHYHO RI GLVWUHVV WKDW LV ³VR VHYHUH WKDW QR UHDVRQDEOH PDQ
FRXOGEHH[SHFWHGWRHQGXUHLW´3UDWW)GDWVHH
DOVR%RQHOOL1:GDW KROGLQJWKDWWKHSODLQWLII¶V
DOOHJHG KDUP ³IHOO IDU VKRUW´ RI WKDW UHTXLUHG WR HVWDEOLVK
VHYHUH HPRWLRQDO GLVWUHVV ZKHUH KH ³PDGH QR PHQWLRQ RI
VHYHUHGHSUHVVLRQVXEVWDQWLDOSV\FKRORJLFDOWUDXPDRUHYHQ
PLQRUSK\VLFDOFRQVHTXHQFHV´HYHQWKRXJKKHWHVWLILHGWKDW
KHZDV³VKRFNHGVXUSULVHGDQGXSVHW´DVDUHVXOWRIWKH
GHIHQGDQW¶VFRQGXFW 5REHUWV1:GDW KROGLQJ
WKDW WKH SODLQWLIIV¶ WHVWLPRQ\ WR WKH HIIHFW WKDW WKH\ IHOW
GLVDSSRLQWHGPDGDQGXSVHW³G>LG@QRWHYHQDSSURDFKWKH
OHYHORIHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVFRQWHPSODWHGE\WKH5HVWDWHPHQW
GUDIWHUV´ FI+DYHUEXVKY3RZHOVRQ1:G
0LFK&W$SS KROGLQJWKDWWKHHOHPHQWRIVHYHUH
HPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVZDVVDWLVILHGZKHQWKHSODLQWLIIDGRFWRU
WHVWLILHGWKDW KHZDVHVSHFLDOO\IHDUIXODIWHUWKHGHIHQGDQW
OHIWDQD[DQGDKDWFKHWRQKLVYHKLFOHV WKHGHIHQGDQW¶V
OHWWHUVDFFXVLQJKLPRIKDUDVVPHQWFDXVHGKLPJUHDWFRQFHUQ
WKDWWKHGHIHQGDQWZDVJRLQJWRLQWHUIHUHZLWKKLVZHGGLQJ
KHZDVZRUULHGDERXWKLVUHSXWDWLRQEHFDXVHRIZKDWWKH
GHIHQGDQWKDGVDLGDERXWKLPWRRWKHUV KHZDVFRQFHUQHG
ZLWK KLV SDWLHQWV¶ VDIHW\ DQG WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V DFWLRQV
DIIHFWHGWKHZD\KHZRUNHG
,WKHUHIRUHDJUHHZLWKWKHPDMRULW\WKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW
SURSHUO\ JUDQWHG VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW LQ IDYRU RI WKH

-- 2 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
EXUJODULHV WKH GHIHQGDQW SXOOHG KLV FDU LQWR D ORXQJH¶V
SDUNLQJ ORW DQG ZLWKRXW VORZLQJ GRZQ RU VSHHGLQJ XS
UHWXUQHGWRWKHSXEOLFURDGV 7KHDGGHGIDFWRULQWKHFDVH
EHIRUH XV KRZHYHU LV :DWNLQV¶V IDLOXUH WR VWRS ZKHQ WKH
SROLFHVLJQDOHGIRUKLPWRGRVR)RUWKHUHDVRQVVWDWHGE\WKH
PDMRULW\WKLVSURYLGHGWKHSROLFHZLWKMXVWLILFDWLRQWRPDNH
DIRUFHGVWRS,WKHUHIRUHFRQFXULQWKHFRXUW¶VMXGJPHQWRQ
WKLVLVVXH
% 7KHLQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRIHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVFODLP
7KHPDMRULW\KDVDOVRKHOGWKDWWKHRIILFHUV¶FRQGXFWZDV
QRW DV D PDWWHU RI ODZ ³H[WUHPH DQG RXWUDJHRXV´ DQG
WKHUHIRUH WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW GLG QRW HUU ZKHQ LW JUDQWHG
VXPPDU\MXGJPHQWLQIDYRURIWKHGHIHQGDQWVZLWKUHVSHFWWR
:DWNLQV¶V FRPPRQ ODZ FODLP IRU LQWHQWLRQDO LQIOLFWLRQ RI
HPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVV:LWKRXWHLWKHUDJUHHLQJRUGLVDJUHHLQJ,
ILQGQR QHHG WRUHDFKWKLVLVVXHEHFDXVH:DWNLQVIDLOHGWR
SUHVHQW VXIILFLHQW HYLGHQFH WKDW KH KDV VXIIHUHG VHYHUH
HPRWLRQDO GLVWUHVV DV D UHVXOW RI WKH GHIHQGDQWV¶ DOOHJHG
DFWLRQV
,Q5REHUWVY$XWR2ZQHUV,QVXUDQFH&R1:G
0LFK WKH6XSUHPH&RXUWRI0LFKLJDQQRWHGWKDWWKH
WZRHVVHQWLDOHOHPHQWVIRUDFODLPRILQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRI
HPRWLRQDO GLVWUHVV DUH WKDW WKH DOOHJHG FRQGXFW PXVW EH
³H[WUHPHDQGRXWUDJHRXV´DQGWKDWWKHFRQGXFWPXVWFDXVHWKH
SODLQWLIIWRVXIIHU³VHYHUHHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVV´6HHLGDW
5HFRYHU\LVSHUPLWWHG³RQO\LQWKHPRVWHJUHJLRXVRIFDVHV´
%RQHOOL Y 9RONVZDJHQ RI $P ,QF 1:G
0LFK&W$SS :LWKUHVSHFWWRWKHHOHPHQWRIVHYHUH
HPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVWKLVFRXUWKDVZULWWHQDVIROORZV
³(PRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVSDVVHVXQGHUYDULRXVQDPHVVXFKDV
PHQWDO VXIIHULQJ PHQWDO DQJXLVK PHQWDO RU QHUYRXV
VKRFN RU WKH OLNH ,W LQFOXGHV DOO KLJKO\ XQSOHDVDQW
PHQWDO UHDFWLRQV VXFK DV IULJKW KRUURU JULHI VKDPH
KXPLOLDWLRQ HPEDUUDVVPHQW DQJHU FKDJULQ
GLVDSSRLQWPHQWZRUU\DQGQDXVHD,WLVRQO\ZKHUHLWLV
H[WUHPH WKDW WKH OLDELOLW\ DULVHV &RPSOHWH HPRWLRQDO
WUDQTXLOLW\LVVHOGRPDWWDLQDEOHLQWKLVZRUOGDQGVRPH
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
2XU DVVHUWLRQ WKDW WKH VSHHG OLPLW RQ 0LOH 5RDG LV PLOHV SHU
KRXU LV WDNHQ IURP WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V 1RYHPEHU RUGHU DQG
RSLQLRQ SDUWLDOO\ GLVPLVVLQJ SODLQWLII¶V FRPSODLQW DQG JUDQWLQJ VXPPDU\
MXGJPHQW WR WKH GHIHQGDQWV 6HH 2UGHU DW S 7KRXJK WKH FRXUW JDYH QR
EDVLV IRU LWV ILQGLQJ LQ WKDW UHJDUG ZH ZLOO DVVXPH WKDW WKH VSHHG OLPLW RQ
0LOH 5RDG LV PLOHV SHU KRXU LQ OLJKW RI WKH IDFW WKDW :DWNLQV KDV
QRW FRQWHVWHG WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW¶V ILQGLQJ
:DWNLQVWRSXOORYHU$FFRUGLQJWR:DWNLQVKHZDVGULYLQJ
XQGHU WKH VSHHG OLPLW ³DW DERXW PLOHV SHU KRXU´ 7KH
GLVWULFWFRXUWLQWKLVFDVHWRRNMXGLFLDOQRWLFHWKDWWKHSRVWHG
VSHHGOLPLWRQWKHSDUWLFXODUURDGEHLQJWUDYHOHGZDVIRUW\
PLOHVSHUKRXU,QKLVEULHI:DWNLQVDVVHUWVWKHURDGKDGQR
PLQLPXPVSHHGDQGWKHGHIHQGDQWVKDYHQRWTXHVWLRQHGWKDW
DVVHUWLRQ7KHUHFRUGGRHVQRWLQGLFDWHZKHWKHUWKHUHZDV
PRUHWKDQRQHODQHLQHDFKGLUHFWLRQ
:DWNLQVWXUQHGGRZQDVWUHHWFRPPRQO\UHIHUUHGWRDV
0LOH5RDGDQGWUDYHOHGHDVWWRZDUGV(YHUJUHHQ5RDG
:DWNLQVFODLPHGWKDWRQFHKHZDVRQ0LOH5RDGKH
FRQWLQXHGWRGULYHYHU\FDXWLRXVO\DQGVORZO\+HHVWLPDWHG
WKDWKHZDVWUDYHOLQJRQO\ILIWHHQPLOHVSHUKRXULQDWZHQW\
ILYHPLOH SHUKRXU]RQH:DWNLQVDOOHJHVWKDW3RUWHUDQG
:RRGEHJDQWRGULYHLQDQLQWLPLGDWLQJPDWWHUDSSURDFKLQJ
KLP DQG IROORZLQJ YHU\ FORVHO\ :DWNLQV VWRSSHG DW VWRS
VLJQVDQGZKHQKH³ZDVJRLQJWRPDNHDWXUQ´
:DWNLQVHYHQWXDOO\UHDFKHG(YHUJUHHQ5RDGDQGWXUQHG
ULJKW,PPHGLDWHO\DIWHUGRLQJVRGHIHQGDQW:RRGWXUQHGRQ
WKH SROLFH FDU¶V VSRWOLJKW DQG DLPHG LW WRZDUGV WKH UHDU
ZLQGVKLHOGRI:DWNLQV¶FDU:DWNLQVKRZHYHUFRQWLQXHGWR
GULYH IRU DQRWKHU EORFN RU WZR PDLQWDLQLQJ KLV VSHHG RI
DSSUR[LPDWHO\ ILIWHHQ PLOHV SHU KRXU :KHQ DVNHG DW KLV
GHSRVLWLRQZK\KHFRQWLQXHGGULYLQJ:DWNLQVVDLGWKDW³>WKH
RIILFHUGULYLQJ@RQO\KDGRQKLVVLGHOLJKWV´7KHRIILFHUVWKHQ
DFWLYDWHG WKH SROLFH FDU¶V UHG DQG EOXH IODVKLQJ OLJKWV
:DWNLQVVWDWHGWKDWKH³VORZHGGRZQDQG>KH@VLJQDOHGWRWKH
RIILFHUWKDW>KH@ZDVJRLQJWRVWRSDWWKHJDVVWDWLRQZKLFK
ZDV RQO\ D EORFN DQG D KDOI DZD\´ 7KH UHFRUG GRHV QRW
LQGLFDWHKRZRULQZKDWPDQQHU:DWNLQV³VLJQDOHG´WKDWKH

-- 3 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
ZDV LQWHQGLQJ WR VWRS DW WKH QHDUE\ JDV VWDWLRQ $OWKRXJK
:DWNLQV¶GHSRVLWLRQGRHVQRWLQGLFDWHZK\KHVRXJKWWRUHDFK
WKHJDVVWDWLRQKHFODLPVLQKLVEULHILWZDVDZHOOOLWDUHD
EHFDXVH KH ZDV FRQFHUQHG DERXW ³WKH EL]DUUH PDQQHU´ LQ
ZKLFKWKHRIILFHUVZHUHGULYLQJ2WKHUSDWUROFDUVDUULYHGDW
WKHVFHQHDQG:DWNLQVZDVIRUFHGWRVWRS
7KHRIILFHUV¶DIILGDYLWVLQFOXGHGWKHIROORZLQJH[SODQDWLRQ
UHJDUGLQJWKHGHFLVLRQWRLQLWLDWHWKHVWRS³'XHWR>:DWNLQV@¶
VXVSLFLRXV GULYLQJ DQG WKH UHFHQW FULPH LQ WKH DUHD >ZH@
GHFLGHGWRSHUIRUPDQLQYHVWLJDWRU\VWRS´3RUWHUDQG:RRG
DOVRDVVHUWHGWKDWGHVSLWHKDYLQJDFWLYDWHGWKHLUFDU¶VUHGDQG
EOXHOLJKWV:DWNLQV³IDLOHGWRSXOORYHURUWRVORZGRZQ´
DQGWKDWRQFHWKHFDUZDVIRUFHGWRVWRS:DWNLQVDFWHG³YHU\
VXVSLFLRXV DQG ZDV QRW FRRSHUDWLYH´ 7KH SROLFH WKHQ
DSSURDFKHG :DWNLQV¶ YHKLFOH ZLWK WKHLU JXQV GUDZQ DQG
VHYHUDO RIILFHUV DOOHJHGO\ GLUHFWHG UDFLVW UHPDUNV WRZDUG
:DWNLQV DQG *DEULHO 7KH\ FRQFHGHG WKDW :DWNLQV ZDV
³RUGHUHG RXW RI KLV YHKLFOH KDQGFXIIHG SDWWHG GRZQ IRU
ZHDSRQV DQG SODFHG LQ D SROLFH YHKLFOH IRU TXHVWLRQLQJ´
$FFRUGLQJWR:DWNLQVWKHRIILFHUVWKHQ³IRUFLEO\´SODFHGKLP
LQWRRQHRIWKHSDWUROFDUV³UDP>PLQJ@>KLV@KHDGXSDJDLQVW
WKHWRSRIKLVFDU´:DWNLQVDGPLWVWKDWKHVXIIHUHGQRFXWVRU
EUXLVHV
$IWHUEHLQJSODFHGLQWKHSROLFHFDUWKHRIILFHUVTXHVWLRQHG
:DWNLQVDWOHQJWKSULPDULO\DVNLQJKLPKRZKHNQHZ*DEULHO
DQG ZKHUH WKH WZR ZHUH JRLQJ :DWNLQV ZDV HYHQWXDOO\
UHOHDVHGDIWHUEHLQJ LVVXHGDWLFNHWIRUGLVREH\LQJDSROLFH
RIILFHU¶VVLJQDO7KHFKDUJHZDVXOWLPDWHO\GURSSHG
:DWNLQVDQG*DEULHOVXEVHTXHQWO\ILOHGWKHLQVWDQWVXLWLQ
WKH FRXUW EHORZ 7KH GLVWULFW FRXUW E\ VWLSXODWLRQ RI WKH
SDUWLHVGLVPLVVHG*DEULHO¶VFODLPVEHFDXVHKHFRXOGQRWEH
ORFDWHG :DWNLQV¶ VWDWH ODZ FDXVHV RI DFWLRQ IRU IDOVH
LPSULVRQPHQWIDOVHDUUHVWDQGDVVDXOWDQGEDWWHU\ZHUHODWHU
GLVPLVVHGE\WKHGLVWULFWFRXUW
7KH GHIHQGDQWV ILOHG WZR VHSDUDWH PRWLRQV IRU VXPPDU\
MXGJPHQW RQH GLUHFWHG DW :DWNLQV¶ UHPDLQLQJ VWDWH ODZ
FODLPVDQGRQHDLPHGDW KLVIHGHUDOFDXVHRIDFWLRQ7KH
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
>(@YHQ ZLWKRXW WKH DQRQ\PRXV FDOO WKH WULDO FRXUW
FRQFOXGHG >WKDW@ WKH SROLFH RIILFHUV KDG VXIILFLHQW
UHDVRQDEOHVXVSLFLRQWRVWRSWKHGHIHQGDQWEDVHGXSRQ
WKHGHIHQGDQW¶VGULYLQJPLOHVSHUKRXULQDPLOHV
SHUKRXU]RQHRQDUHODWLYHO\VWUDLJKWURDGDWDP
:HGLVDJUHHZLWKWKHFRXUW¶VOHJDOFRQFOXVLRQ>7@KH
SXUHO\ LQQRFXRXV IDFWV PHQWLRQHG E\ WKH WULDO FRXUW
ZLWKRXW PRUH FOHDUO\ DUH LQVXIILFLHQW WR HVWDEOLVK
UHDVRQDEOHVXVSLFLRQWRVWRSWKHGHIHQGDQW
,GDW
/LNHWKH6WXDUWFRXUW,GRQRWEHOLHYHWKDWGULYLQJWHQPLOHV
SHUKRXUEHORZWKHVSHHGOLPLWHYHQLQDKLJKFULPHDUHDDW
QLJKW LV VXIILFLHQW LQ DQG RI LWVHOI WR FRQVWLWXWH UHDVRQDEOH
VXVSLFLRQ³WKDWLOOLFLWDFWLYLW\PLJKWEHLQSURJUHVV´6SHDUY
6RZGHUV)G WK&LU VHHDOVR8QLWHG
6WDWHV Y 1LFKRODV )G WK &LU
GLVWLQJXLVKLQJ&DUSHQWHUY6LJOHU)G WK&LU
DQGKROGLQJWKDWWKHVWRSRIWKHGHIHQGDQW¶VRXWRI
VWDWHFDUZKLFKRFFXUUHGLQDQKLJKFULPHDUHDDWSP
ZDV XQMXVWLILHG EHFDXVH WKH WKH SROLFH ZHUH QRW
LQYHVWLJDWLQJ DQ\ SDUWLFXODU FULPH WKH SROLFH KDG QR
LQIRUPDWLRQUHJDUGLQJWKHFDURULWVRFFXSDQWV WKHUHZDV
QRVKRZLQJLQWKHUHFRUGWKDWWKHSROLFHKDGEHHQLQIRUPHGRI
VXVSLFLRXVDFWLYLWLHVLQWKHYLFLQLW\DQG WKHGHIHQGDQWZDV
DEODFNPDQLQDSUHGRPLQDQWO\EODFNQHLJKERUKRRG 3HRSOH
Y %XUUHOO 1:G 0LFK ³>$@ VWRS
FDQQRW EH MXVWLILHG E\ LQGLYLGXDOL]HG DUWLFXODEOH VXVSLFLRQ
ZKHQDSROLFHRIILFHUPHUHO\REVHUYHVWZREODFNPHQLQD
GDUN DXWRPRELOH GULYLQJ VORZO\ WKURXJK D ZKLWH RU
SUHGRPLQDQWO\ZKLWHFRPPXQLW\DQG>WKHRIILFHU@UHFDOOVWKDW
DUPHG UREEHULHV RFFXUUHG WKH PRQWK EHIRUH ZKLFK ZHUH
DOOHJHGO\FRPPLWWHGE\WZREODFNPDOHVLQDGDUNYHKLFOH´
&LW\RI0LQRWY-RKQVRQ1:G 1'
KROGLQJ WKDW WKH SROLFH RIILFHU¶V VWRS RI WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V
YHKLFOHZDVEDVHGRQ³QRPRUHWKDQDYDJXHKXQFKRILOOHJDO
DFWLYLW\´DQGZDVWKHUHIRUHXQODZIXOZKHQDWDSSUR[LPDWHO\
DP LQ DQ DUHD WKDW KDG H[SHULHQFHG VHYHUDO UHFHQW

-- 4 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
7KLVODVWFDVH6WXDUWLVZRUWK\RIIXUWKHUFRPPHQWEHFDXVH
RILWVGLVFXVVLRQUHJDUGLQJIDFWVWKDWEXWIRUWKHDQRQ\PRXV
FDOODUHYHU\VLPLODUWRRXURZQ,Q6WXDUWDODWH6DWXUGD\
QLJKWDQRQ\PRXVFDOOHUKDGLQIRUPHGWKHSROLFHWKDWWKHFDOOHU
KDGZLWQHVVHGWKHGHIHQGDQWRSHUDWLQJKLVYHKLFOHLQDQHUUDWLF
PDQQHU2IILFHUVVRRQORFDWHGWKHFDU WKHZLWQHVVKDGQRWHG
WKHOLFHQVHSODWHQXPEHU WUDYHOLQJRQDVWUDLJKWURDGWKDWKDG
DWKLUW\ILYHPLOHVSHUKRXUVSHHGOLPLW:KHQWKHGHIHQGDQW
SDVVHGWKHRIILFHUVLQWKHRSSRVLWHGLUHFWLRQWKH\H[HFXWHGD
8WXUQDQGEHJDQIROORZLQJKLP$IWHUGHWHUPLQLQJWKDWWKH
GHIHQGDQW¶VFDUZDVJRLQJDSSUR[LPDWHO\WZHQW\ILYHPLOHV
SHUKRXUWKHRIILFHUVVLJQDOHGWKHGHIHQGDQWWRVWRS2QHRI
WKHRIILFHUVH[SODLQHGWKDWKH³EDVHG>WKHGHFLVLRQ@XSRQWKH
GHIHQGDQW¶VVORZGULYLQJWKHWLPHRIGD\DQGWKHGD\RIWKH
ZHHN´ 6WXDUW 6(G DW 7KH GHIHQGDQW ZDV
DUUHVWHGDQGWKHUHDIWHUFRQYLFWHGRIGULYLQJZKLOHLQWR[LFDWHG
,QUHVSRQVHWRWKHGHIHQGDQW¶VFKDOOHQJHWRWKHODZIXOQHVVRI
WKHVWRSWKHWULDOFRXUWILUVWUXOHGWKDWWKHVXEVWDQFHRIWKH
WHOHSKRQHWLSFRXOGQRWEHUHOLHGXSRQE\WKHSROLFHDVDIDFWRU
WRVXSSRUWPDNLQJWKHVWRSEHFDXVHLWZDVIURPDQXQNQRZQ
DQG SRWHQWLDOO\ XQUHOLDEOH FDOOHU 7KH WULDO FRXUW IXUWKHU
FRQFOXGHGKRZHYHUWKDWWKHVWRSZDVMXVWLILHGEDVHGRQWKH
IDFWWKDWWKHGHIHQGDQWZDVGULYLQJVORZO\GRZQDVWUDLJKW
URDGODWHDWQLJKW,GDW
7KH6XSUHPH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVRI:HVW9LUJLQLDZKLFKLV
WKDWVWDWH¶VKLJKHVWFRXUWDIILUPHG,WILUVWUXOHGWKDWWKHWULDO
FRXUWFRXOGLQIDFWKDYHWDNHQLQWRDFFRXQWWKDWWKHRIILFHUV
KDGUHFHLYHGDQDQRQ\PRXVWHOHSKRQHWLS,QKROGLQJWKDWWKH
VWRSZDVODZIXOWKH6XSUHPH&RXUWRI$SSHDOVWKHQVWDWHG
WKDW³JLYHQWKHWRWDOLW\RIWKHFLUFXPVWDQFHVWKHDQRQ\PRXV
FDOODQGWKHSROLFHRIILFHUV¶REVHUYDWLRQVRQFHWKH\DUULYHGRQ
WKHVFHQHZHFRQFOXGHWKHSROLFHRIILFHUVGLGKDYHVXIILFLHQW
UHDVRQDEOHVXVSLFLRQWRVWRSWKHGHIHQGDQWWRPDNHDIXUWKHU
LQYHVWLJDWLRQ´,GDW0RVWQRWDEO\KRZHYHUWKHFRXUW
VSHFLILFDOO\UHMHFWHGWKHQRWLRQWKDWDGULYHU¶VDFWLRQVVLPLODU
WRWKRVHSUHVHQWLQWKHFDVHDWEDUFRXOGJLYHULVHWRUHDVRQDEOH
VXVSLFLRQ
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
GLVWULFW FRXUW GLVPLVVHG ZLWK SUHMXGLFH :DWNLQV¶ VWDWH
FRQVWLWXWLRQDO FODLPV GLVPLVVHG ZLWK SUHMXGLFH WKRVH
FODLPV DVVHUWHG DJDLQVW WKH &LW\ RI 6RXWKILHOG JUDQWHG
VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW RQ WKH EDVLV RI TXDOLILHG LPPXQLW\ LQ
IDYRURIWKHGHIHQGDQWVZLWKUHVSHFWWR:DWNLQV¶†FDXVH
RIDFWLRQDQG JUDQWHGVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWLQIDYRURIWKH
GHIHQGDQWVZLWKUHVSHFWWR:DWNLQV¶UHPDLQLQJVWDWHODZFODLP
RILQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRIHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVRQWKHJURXQGV
WKDWWKHRIILFHUVZHUHSURWHFWHGE\JRYHUQPHQWDOLPPXQLW\
DQG WKDW WKHLU DOOHJHG FRQGXFW ZDV QRW ³H[WUHPH DQG
RXWUDJHRXV´
,QVXEVWDQFHWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWKHOGWKDW:DWNLQV¶GULYLQJVR
VORZO\DWIRXUR¶FORFNLQWKHPRUQLQJLQDQDUHDZKHUHWKHUH
KDGEHHQUHFHQWYLROHQWFULPLQDODFWLYLW\ZKHQFRQVLGHUHG
LQOLJKWRIKLVVXEVHTXHQWFRQGXFWZKHQWKHRIILFHUVDFWLYDWHG
WKHLU IODVKLQJ OLJKWV ZHUH VXIILFLHQW WR DURXVH UHDVRQDEOH
VXVSLFLRQWRSURYLGHMXVWLILFDWLRQIRUDQLQYHVWLJDWRU\VWRS
7KHFRXUWFRQFOXGHGWKDW³>G@ULYLQJDWRQHKDOIWKHVSHHGOLPLW
DWDPZRXOGSURYLGHDEDVLVIRUVXVSHFWLQJLQWHUDOLD
WKDWWKHGULYHUZDVGUXQNKLJKRQGUXJVRUWU\LQJVRKDUGWR
SURYLGH >VLF@ VXVSLFLRQ IRU D SROLFH VWRS DV WR DFWXDOO\
HVWDEOLVKKLJKO\VXVSLFLRXVEHKDYLRU6HFRQGWKHSROLFHZHUH
DZDUHRIDQLQYHVWLJDWLRQ>RI@UHFHQWYLROHQWFULPLQDODFWLYLW\
LQWKDWDUHDWKHUHKDGEHHQDVKRRWLQJDQGVHYHUDOUREEHULHV
ZLWKLQWKHWZRGD\V´)XUWKHUPRUHWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWUHMHFWHG
WKH:DWNLQV¶FODLPWKDWWKHRIILFHUVXVHGXQUHDVRQDEOHIRUFH
LQH[HFXWLQJWKHVWRS)LQDOO\WKHGLVWULFWFRXUWIRXQGWKDWWKH
GHIHQGDQWV ZHUH HQWLWOHG WR JRYHUQPHQWDO LPPXQLW\ ZLWK
UHVSHFWWRWKHLQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRIHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVFODLP
DQGFRQFOXGHGWKDW³>D@WIRXUR¶FORFNLQWKHPRUQLQJLWLVQRW
RXWUDJHRXV WR GUDZ D JXQ DQG KDQGFXII D VXVSHFW ZKR LV
GULYLQJVWUDQJHO\DQGZKRIDLOVWR\LHOGWRSROLFHVLJQDOVWR
SXOORYHU´
,QWKLVDSSHDO:DWNLQVGRHVQRWWDNHLVVXHZLWKWKHGLVWULFW
FRXUW¶VUXOLQJVGLVPLVVLQJKLVVWDWHFRQVWLWXWLRQDOFODLPVQRU
GRHVKHFKDOOHQJHWKHGLVPLVVDORIWKH&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGIURP
KLVVXLW5DWKHUKHDUJXHVWKDWJHQXLQHLVVXHVRIPDWHULDOIDFW
H[LVW WKDW SUHFOXGH VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW ZLWK UHJDUG WR KLV

-- 5 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
† FODLP DQG KLV LQWHQWLRQDO LQIOLFWLRQ RI HPRWLRQDO
GLVWUHVVFDXVHRIDFWLRQ
,,$1$/<6,6
$6WDQGDUGRI5HYLHZ
:HUHYLHZGHQRYRDGLVWULFWFRXUW¶VGHFLVLRQWRJUDQWRU
GHQ\VXPPDU\MXGJPHQW6HH6PLWKY$PHULWHFK)G
WK&LU 6XPPDU\MXGJPHQWLVDSSURSULDWH
ZKHQWKHUHDUHQRJHQXLQHLVVXHVRIPDWHULDOIDFWLQGLVSXWH
DQGWKHPRYLQJSDUW\LVHQWLWOHGWRMXGJPHQWDVDPDWWHURI
ODZ 6HH )HG 5 &LY 3 F ,Q GHFLGLQJ D PRWLRQ IRU
VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW WKH FRXUW PXVW YLHZ WKH HYLGHQFH DQG
GUDZDOOUHDVRQDEOHLQIHUHQFHVLQIDYRU RIWKHQRQPRYLQJ
SDUW\6HH0DWVXVKLWD(OHF,QGXV&RY=HQLWK5DGLR&RUS
86 7KHMXGJHLVQRW³WRZHLJKWKH
HYLGHQFH DQG GHWHUPLQH WKH WUXWK RI WKH PDWWHU EXW WR
GHWHUPLQH ZKHWKHU WKHUH LV D JHQXLQH LVVXH IRU WULDO´
$QGHUVRQY/LEHUW\/REE\,QF86
$ JHQXLQH LVVXH IRU WULDO H[LVWV ZKHQ WKHUH LV VXIILFLHQW
³HYLGHQFH RQ ZKLFK WKH MXU\ FRXOG UHDVRQDEO\ ILQG IRU WKH
SODLQWLII´,GDW
%4XDOLILHG,PPXQLW\$QDO\VLV
*RYHUQPHQW RIILFLDOV SHUIRUPLQJ GLVFUHWLRQDU\ IXQFWLRQV
DUHHQWLWOHGWRTXDOLILHGLPPXQLW\IURPFLYLOVXLWVIRUGDPDJHV
DULVLQJRXWRIWKHSHUIRUPDQFHRIWKHLURIILFLDOGXWLHV³DVORQJ
DVWKHLUDFWLRQVFRXOGUHDVRQDEO\KDYHEHHQWKRXJKWFRQVLVWHQW
ZLWKWKHULJKWVWKH\DUHDOOHJHGWRKDYHYLRODWHG´$QGHUVRQ
Y&UHLJKWRQ86 ³7RVXFFHVVIXOO\
VWDWHDFODLPXQGHU86&†DSODLQWLIIPXVWLGHQWLI\
D ULJKW VHFXUHG E\ WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RQVWLWXWLRQ DQG WKH
GHSULYDWLRQRIWKDWULJKWE\DSHUVRQDFWLQJXQGHU FRORU RI
VWDWHODZ´5XVVRY&LW\RI&LQFLQQDWL)G
WK&LU ³7KHNH\LQTXLU\ LQDQDO\]LQJDFODLPRI
TXDOLILHG LPPXQLW\ LV ZKHWKHU WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V DOOHJHG
FRQGXFWYLRODWHGFOHDUO\HVWDEOLVKHGVWDWXWRU\RUFRQVWLWXWLRQDO
ULJKWV RI ZKLFK D UHDVRQDEOH SHUVRQ ZRXOG KDYH NQRZQ´
$GDPVY0HWLYD)G WK&LU
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
7KHPDMRULW\UHOLHVRQHLJKWFDVHVWRMXVWLI\LWVFRQFOXVLRQ
QRQHRIZKLFK,ILQGFRQWUROOLQJ0RUHLPSRUWDQWO\DFORVH
UHYLHZRIWKHVHGHFLVLRQVUHYHDOVWKDWHDFKLVWRDJUHDWHURU
OHVVHUGHJUHHGLVWLQJXLVKDEOH6HH8QLWHG6WDWHVY3LQHLUR
1R:/DW WK&LU-XO\
XQSXEOLVKHG RSLQLRQ GHIHQGDQW ZDV YLRODWLQJ DQ 2KLR
VWDWXWH E\ GULYLQJ WRR VORZO\ LQ WKH SDVVLQJ ODQH 8QLWHG
6WDWHVY5DPRV1R:/DW WK
&LU 2FW XQSXEOLVKHG RSLQLRQ GHIHQGDQW ZDV
RSHUDWLQJ KLV YHKLFOH EHORZ WKH PLQLPXP LQWHUVWDWH VSHHG
OLPLW 8QLWHG6WDWHVY%DVH\)G WK
&LU DUHD UHVLGHQWV KDG VHHQ WKH GHIHQGDQW¶V FDU
³DLPOHVVO\ZDQGHULQJEDFNDQGIRUWK´RQOLWWOHWUDYHOHGUXUDO
URDGVSULRUWRWKHGLVFRYHU\RIDQHDUE\EXUJODU\WKHYLFWLP
VDZWKHFDUFORVHWRKLVKRPHVKRUWO\EHIRUHKHGLVFRYHUHGWKH
EXUJODU\ WKH YLFWLP WRRN QRWH RI WKH FDU¶V GHVFULSWLRQ DQG
OLFHQVHSODWHQXPEHUDQGWKHYLFWLPLGHQWLILHGWKHFDULQWKH
SUHVHQFHRIWKHSROLFHRIILFHUVZKHQWKHFDUSDVVHGWKHPDIWHU
WKHGLVFRYHU\RIWKHFULPH 8QLWHG6WDWHVY5LFNXV)G
G &LU FDU ZDV PRYLQJ ³H[WUHPHO\
VORZ´SDVWFORVHGVWRUHVLQDFRPPHUFLDOGLVWULFWDWDP
DQGWKHQSURFHHGHGLQDQ³DSSDUHQWO\DLPOHVVFRXUVH´LQD
UHVLGHQWLDODUHD 8QLWHG6WDWHVY+ROODQG)G
WK &LU RIILFHUV ZHUH QRWLILHG RI DQ ³DUPHG DQG
GDQJHURXV´IXJLWLYHEHOLHYHGWREHLQWKHLQWHUPHGLDWHDUHD
WKH\QRWLFHGDYHKLFOHWUDYHOLQJWRZDUGWKHP³DWILYHWRHLJKW
PLOHVSHUKRXU´WKHRFFXSDQWVVWDUHGDWWKHRIILFHUVIRU³DQ
XQXVXDOO\ ORQJ WLPH´ DV WKH\ SDVVHG DQG WKH YHKLFOH
HYHQWXDOO\VORZHGWR³ZDONLQJVSHHG´ &DUSHQWHUY6LJOHU
)G WK&LU RIILFHUVQRWLFHGWKDWD
FDUZLWKRXWRIFRXQW\WDJV³PRYHGYHU\VORZO\SDVWVHYHUDO
FORVHGEXVLQHVVHVWDEOLVKPHQWVDQGSXUVXHGDUDWKHUHUUDWLF
FRXUVH´ LQ D WRZQ RI DSSUR[LPDWHO\ SHUVRQV ZKHUH
³XQLGHQWLILHG FDUV GR QRW URXWLQHO\ WUDYHO DW WKDW WLPH´
/HDSHUY6WDWH3G 2NOD&ULP$SS
FDUZDVPRYLQJ³H[WUHPHO\VORZ´DWRQO\ILYHPLOHVSHUKRXU
DWDP 6WDWHY6WXDUW6(G
:9D SROLFHZHUHDOHUWHGWRWKHGHIHQGDQW¶VYHKLFOH
E\ D VXIILFLHQWO\FRUURERUDWHG FDOO WKDW LGHQWLILHG WKH
GHIHQGDQWDVGULYLQJZKLOHLQWR[LFDWHG

-- 6 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
&21&855(1&(
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
521$/' /(( *,/0$1 &LUFXLW -XGJH FRQFXUULQJ ,
DJUHHZLWKWKHPDMRULW\¶VXOWLPDWHFRQFOXVLRQWKDWWKHGLVWULFW
FRXUWGLGQRWHUULQJUDQWLQJVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWLQIDYRURI
WKHGHIHQGDQWV%HFDXVHQRVHL]XUHRFFXUUHGXQWLO:DWNLQV¶V
FDU ZDV IRUFHG WR D VWRS KLV DGPLWWHG IDLOXUH WR SXOO RYHU
ZKHQWKHSROLFHVLJQDOHGIRUKLPWRGRVRZDVDOHJLWLPDWH
IDFWRUIRUWKHSROLFHWRFRQVLGHULQGHWHUPLQLQJZKHWKHUWKH\
KDG UHDVRQDEOH VXVSLFLRQ WR MXVWLI\ PDNLQJ WKH VWRS 6HH
&DOLIRUQLDY+RGDUL'86 KROGLQJ
WKDWD³VHL]XUH´XQGHUWKH)RXUWK$PHQGPHQW³UHTXLUHVHLWKHU
SK\VLFDOIRUFHRUZKHUHWKDWLVDEVHQWVXEPLVVLRQWRWKH
DVVHUWLRQRIDXWKRULW\´ HPSKDVLVLQRULJLQDO 8QLWHG6WDWHV
Y6DQWDPDULD+HUQDQGH])G WK&LU
³7KH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ >RI@ ZKHWKHU >RIILFHUV@ KDYH IRXQGHG
VXVSLFLRQWRMXVWLI\DVWRSPD\WDNHLQWRDFFRXQWDOORIWKH
HYHQWVWKDWRFFXUXSWRWKHWLPHRISK\VLFDODSSUHKHQVLRQRI
DVXVSHFWZKRIOHHV´ :LWKRXWWKLVDGGHGIDFWRUKRZHYHU
,ZRXOGEHLQFOLQHGWRUHDFKDFRQWUDU\FRQFOXVLRQLQWKHFDVH
EHIRUH XV , DOVR ZULWH VHSDUDWHO\ EHFDXVH , EHOLHYH WKDW
UHJDUGOHVV RI ZKHWKHU WKH RIILFHUV¶ DOOHJHG FRQGXFW ZDV
³H[WUHPH DQG RXWUDJHRXV´ :DWNLQV IDLOHG WR SUHVHQW
VXIILFLHQW HYLGHQFH WKDW KH VXIIHUHG ³VHYHUH HPRWLRQDO
GLVWUHVV´
$ 7KHODZIXOQHVVRIWKHVWRS
'XULQJWKHFRXUVHRILWVDQDO\VLVWKHPDMRULW\ZULWHVWKDW
³>W@KH RIILFHUV PD\ KDYH VXVSHFWHG WKDW >:DWNLQV@ ZDV
LQWR[LFDWHGRUWKDWKHZDVμFDVLQJ¶WKHDUHD´,QVXSSRUWRI
WKLVSURSRVLWLRQWKHPDMRULW\VWDWHVWKDW:DWNLQV¶VFDU³ZDV
SURFHHGLQJLQWKHGDUNPRUQLQJKRXUVDWKDOIWKHVSHHGOLPLW
RIWKHVWUHHWVLQDUHVLGHQWLDODUHD´,ILQGVXFKLQIHUHQFHVRQ
WKHIDFWVEHIRUHXVWRRDWWHQXDWHGWRMXVWLI\DVWRSXQGHU7HUU\
Y2KLR86
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
7HUU\ Y 2KLR 86
7KHSODLQWLIILQWKLVVLWXDWLRQPXVWRYHUFRPHWZRKXUGOHV
³)LUVWWKHDOOHJDWLRQVPXVWVWDWHDFODLPRIWKHYLRODWLRQRI
FOHDUO\HVWDEOLVKHGODZ6HFRQGWKHSODLQWLIIPXVWSUHVHQW
HYLGHQFHVXIILFLHQWWRFUHDWHDJHQXLQHLVVXHDVWRZKHWKHUWKH
GHIHQGDQWLQIDFWFRPPLWWHGWKHDFWVWKDWYLRODWHGWKHODZ´
,G:KHWKHUDSODLQWLIIKDVPHWHDFKRIWKHVHWZREXUGHQVLV
DTXHVWLRQRIODZ6HHLG
$VDQLQLWLDOPDWWHUZHQRWHWKDW³ERWKWKHULJKWWREHIUHH
IURPXQUHDVRQDEOHVHL]XUHVDQGWREHIUHHIURPWKHXVHRI
H[FHVVLYH IRUFH XQGHU WKH )RXUWK $PHQGPHQW DUH FOHDUO\
HVWDEOLVKHG´$GDPV)GDW FLWDWLRQVRPLWWHG
7KXVWKHVROHTXDOLILHGLPPXQLW\TXHVWLRQSUHVHQWHGE\WKLV
DSSHDOLVZKHWKHU:DWNLQVKDVSUHVHQWHGHYLGHQFHVXIILFLHQW
WRFUHDWHDJHQXLQHLVVXHDVWRZKHWKHU3RUWHUDQG:RRGLQ
IDFWYLRODWHGWKHODZ
$VVXPLQJWKDWWKHSROLFHWKHPVHOYHVPD\KDYHRSHUDWHGWKH
SDWUROFDUHUUDWLFDOO\ZKLOHIROORZLQJ:DWNLQVWKHTXHVWLRQ
UHPDLQVZKHWKHUWKHUHZDVEDVLVIRUDUHDVRQDEOHVXVSLFLRQ
DQGDQLQYHVWLJDWRU\VWRSXQGHUWKHFLUFXPVWDQFHVEDVHGXSRQ
:DWNLQV¶FRQGXFW:KLOHWKHFDVHSUHVHQWVDFORVHTXHVWLRQ
ZH DUH LQFOLQHG WR DIILUP ILQGLQJ WKDW WKHUH ZDV DQ
DSSURSULDWHEDVLVIRUD7HUU\VWRS
:KDWRFFXUUHGEHIRUHWKHSROLFHGHFLGHGWRIROORZ:DWNLQV
ZDVWKHVXEMHFWRIGLIIHULQJIDFWXDOFRQWHQWLRQVDQGDFFRXQWV
:H GR QRW GHHP VXFK D GLVSXWH WR EH RQH RI PDWHULDO RU
JHQXLQHFRQVHTXHQFHEHFDXVHDWWKLVVWDJHLQWKHSURFHHGLQJV
ZHYLHZWKHHYLGHQFHLQWKHOLJKWPRVWIDYRUDEOHWR:DWNLQV
7KHUH LV QR VXEVWDQWLDO GLVSXWH RQ WKH RWKHU KDQG DERXW
:DWNLQV¶FRQGXFW
:DWNLQVDKLJKVFKRROVWXGHQWDWWKHWLPHZDVGULYLQJLQ
WKH GDUN RI SUHGDZQ LQ DQ DUHD RI UHFHQW YLROHQW FULPLQDO
DFWLYLW\ NQRZQ DV VXFK E\ WKH RIILFHUV DW DERXW KDOI WKH
DOORZDEOHVSHHGOLPLWVWRSSLQJQRWRQO\DWVWRSVLJQVEXWHDFK
WLPHKHPDGHDWXUQ:DWNLQVDGPLWWHGO\LJQRUHGWKHRIILFHUV¶

-- 7 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
FOHDULQGLFDWLRQVWRVWRSIRUDQLQYHVWLJDWLRQ:HILQGWKDW
WKHVHFLUFXPVWDQFHVFRQVWLWXWHWKH³PLQLPDOOHYHORIREMHFWLYH
MXVWLILFDWLRQIRUPDNLQJWKHVWRS´,OOLQRLVY:DUGORZ6
&W
:HDJUHHZLWKWKHUHDVRQLQJRIWKH7KLUG&LUFXLWLQ8QLWHG
6WDWHV Y 5LFNXV )G G &LU ZKHUH WKDW
FRXUW KHOG WKDW WKH RIILFHUV KDG WKH UHTXLVLWH UHDVRQDEOH
VXVSLFLRQWRPDNHD7HUU\VWRSRIDYHKLFOHWKDWZDVWUDYHOLQJ
ILIWHHQWRWZHQW\PLOHVSHUKRXUEHORZWKHDSSOLFDEOHVSHHG
OLPLW DW DP LQ DQ DUHD WKDW KDG ³UHFHQWO\ EHHQ
YLFWLPL]HGE\DVSDWHRIEXUJODULHV´7KHFRXUWH[SODLQHGWKDW
³>W@KH UHSXWDWLRQ RI DQ DUHD IRU FULPLQDO DFWLYLW\ LV DQ
DUWLFXODEOHIDFWXSRQZKLFKDSROLFHRIILFHUPD\OHJLWLPDWHO\
UHO\>LQPDNLQJD7HUU\VWRS@´5LFNXV)GDW7KH
FRXUWDOVRIRXQGWKHYHKLFOH¶VLQRUGLQDWHO\VORZUDWHRIVSHHG
FRXOGKDYHOHJLWLPDWHO\DURXVHGVXVSLFLRQVRIDQH[SHULHQFHG
SROLFHRIILFHU,G FLWLQJ8QLWHG6WDWHVY+ROODQG)G
WK&LU KROGLQJWKDWFDUPDNLQJLQRUGLQDWHO\
VORZ SURJUHVV DW VPDOO KRXUV RI WKH PRUQLQJ FRXOG KDYH
DURXVHGWKHVXVSLFLRQVRIDORFDORIILFHUZKRLVDOHUWWRWKH
XQXVXDOZLWKLQKLVEHDW DQG&DUSHQWHUY6LJOHU)G
WK&LU KROGLQJWKDWVWRSRIDFDUWUDYHOLQJVORZO\
LQUHFHQWO\EXUJODUL]HGDUHDZDVYDOLG
8QGHUYHU\VLPLODUFLUFXPVWDQFHVRQHVWDWHFRXUW DSSO\LQJ
D³SUREDEOHFDXVH´VWDQGDUG IRXQGWKDW³DSSHOODQW¶VGULYLQJ
DWDQH[WUHPHO\VORZUDWHRIVSHHGGXULQJWKHHDUO\PRUQLQJ
KRXUVRQUHVLGHQWLDOVWUHHWVFRQVWLWXWHGXQXVXDORUVXVSLFLRXV
EHKDYLRU ZKLFK ZDV SUREDEOH VXIILFLHQW FDXVH IRU >WKH
GHIHQGDQWRIILFHU@WRVWRSDSSHOODQW¶VDXWRPRELOH´/HDSHUY
6WDWHRI2NODKRPD3G 2NOD&U&W$SS
7KDW FRXUW QRWHG WKDW D SROLFH RIILFHU ³QHHG QRW
DFWXDOO\REVHUYHWKHYLRODWLRQRIDQ\ODZWRKDYHSUREDEOH
FDXVHWRVWRSWKDWDXWRPRELOH´,GVHHDOVR:HVW9LUJLQLDY
6WXDUW 6(G : 9D RIILFHU¶V VWRS RI
YHKLFOHXSKHOGIRUXQXVXDOVORZVSHHGLQHDUO\PRUQLQJKRXUV
EDVHG XSRQ WKLV ³GHWHFWLRQ FOXH´ RI EHKDYLRU RI GUXQN
GULYHUV
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
0LFK LQWHUQDOTXRWHVRPLWWHG /LDELOLW\ZLOORQO\EH
LPSRVHG
³ZKHUHWKHFRQGXFWKDVEHHQVRRXWUDJHRXVLQFKDUDFWHU
DQGVRH[WUHPHLQGHJUHHDVWRJREH\RQGDOOSRVVLEOH
ERXQGVRIGHFHQF\DQGWREHUHJDUGHGDVDWURFLRXVDQG
XWWHUO\ LQWROHUDEOH LQ D FLYLOL]HG FRPPXQLW\
>/@LDELOLW\ FOHDUO\ GRHV QRW H[WHQG WR PHUH LQVXOWV
LQGLJQLWLHV WKUHDWV DQQR\DQFHV SHWW\ RSSUHVVLRQV RU
RWKHUWULYLDOLWLHV´
,GDW TXRWLQJ5HVWDWHPHQW7RUWVG†FRPPHQW
G +HQFH D SODLQWLII ZLOO RQO\ EH DEOH WR UHFRYHU IRU
LQWHQWLRQDO LQIOLFWLRQ RI HPRWLRQDO GLVWUHVV ³LQ WKH PRVW
HJUHJLRXVRIFDVHV´%RQHOOLY9RONVZDJHQRI$PHULFD,QF
1:G 0LFK&W$SS
+HUH:DWNLQVFRQWHQGVKHZDVKDUDVVHGLQWLPLGDWHGDQG
YHUEDOO\DVVDXOWHGE\GHIHQGDQWVZKHQWKH\WULHGWR³UDP´KLP
IURPEHKLQGDQGWKHQIRUFHGKLPRIIWKHURDG+HDOVRFODLPV
WKDWKHZDVSK\VLFDOO\DEXVHGZKHQGHIHQGDQWVSXOOHGKLP
IURPKLVFDUDQGSXWKLPLQWKHEDFNRIWKHLUVTXDGFDUDQGD
UDFLDOHSLWKHWZDVDGGUHVVHGWRKLP$VZHKDYHQRWHGWKH
VWRS RI :DWNLQV¶ YHKLFOH ZDV MXVWLILHG XQGHU WKH
FLUFXPVWDQFHV&RQVLGHULQJWKHIDFWWKDW:DWNLQVLJQRUHGWKH
RIILFHUV¶ FRPPDQG IRU KLP WR VWRS WKH IRUFH WKH\ XVHG WR
HIIHFWXDWHWKHVWRSZDVQHFHVVDU\+HQFHWKRVHDFWLRQVFRXOG
QRWEHGHHPHGWRKDYHEHHQVRXQUHDVRQDEOHRUH[FHVVLYHDV
LVUHTXLUHGWRPDLQWDLQWKLVFODLPRILQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRI
HPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVV7KHDOOHJHGXVHRIDUDFLDOHSLWKHWJLYHV
XVVRPHSDXVHEXWZHDUHVDWLVILHGWKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWGLG
QRWHUULQJUDQWLQJVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWLQIDYRURIGHIHQGDQWV
RQWKLVFODLP
)RUWKHUHDVRQVVWDWHGZH$)),50WKHGHFLVLRQRI WKH
GLVWULFWFRXUW

-- 8 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
GRRU EXW LW FDXVH QR FXWV RU EUXLVHV :DWNLQV ZDV EULHIO\
TXHVWLRQHG DQG WKHQ UHOHDVHG DIWHU UHFHLYLQJ D WLFNHW IRU
GLVREH\LQJDSROLFHRIILFHU¶VVLJQDO:DWNLQVWRRN*DEULHO
KRPHDQGWKHQZHQWKRPHKLPVHOI
7KHUH LV QR VXEVWDQWLDO HYLGHQFH WKDW GHIHQGDQWV XVHG
XQUHDVRQDEOHIRUFHDJDLQVW:DWNLQV³>3@ROLFHRIILFHUVDUH
RIWHQ IRUFHG WR PDNH VSOLWVHFRQG MXGJPHQWVLQ
FLUFXPVWDQFHVWKDWDUHWHQVHXQFHUWDLQDQGUDSLGO\HYROYLQJ´
*UDKDPY&RQQRU86 7KHUHIRUH
³>W@KHμUHDVRQDEOHQHVV¶RIDSDUWLFXODUXVHRIIRUFHPXVWEH
MXGJHGIURP WKHSHUVSHFWLYHRIDUHDVRQDEOHRIILFHURQWKH
VFHQHUDWKHUWKDQZLWKYLVLRQRIKLQGVLJKW´,GDW
FLWDWLRQ RPLWWHG $V SUHYLRXVO\ LQGLFDWHG :DWNLQV ZDV
GULYLQJ VXVSLFLRXVO\ LQ DQ DUHD ZKHUH VHYHUDO FULPHV KDG
UHFHQWO\RFFXUUHGDQGGHIHQGDQWVKDGWRIRUFHKLPWRWKHVLGH
RIWKHURDGEHIRUHKHZRXOGVWRS$VGHIHQGDQWVDSSURDFKHG
:DWNLQV WKH\ KDG QR LGHD ZKHWKHU KH ZDV DUPHG RU
GDQJHURXV )XUWKHUPRUH WKH UHFRUG GRHV QRW UHIOHFW WKDW
:DWNLQVVXIIHUHGDQ\VHULRXVRUSHUPDQHQWSK\VLFDOGDPDJH
7KHSROLFHKDGGLIILFXOW\LQJHWWLQJ:DWNLQVLQWRWKHEDFNRI
WKHVTXDGFDUZLWKKDQGFXIIVRQ:HGRQRWGHHPWKLVIRUFH
HYHQZKHQYLHZHGLQDOLJKWPRVWIDYRUDEOHWR:DWNLQVWR
KDYH EHHQ H[FHVVLYH XQGHU WKH FLUFXPVWDQFHV 7KXV WKH
GHIHQGDQWVZHUHHQWLWOHGWRTXDOLILHGLPPXQLW\LQWKLVFODLP
DVZHOO$FFRUGLQJO\ZHFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWGLG
QRW HUU LQ JUDQWLQJ VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW LQ IDYRU RI WKH
GHIHQGDQWVRQWKH†FODLP
',QWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRIHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVV
:DWNLQVDOVRVXEPLWVWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWHUUHG LQJUDQWLQJ
VXPPDU\MXGJPHQWDVWRKLVFODLPIRULQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRI
HPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVEHFDXVHKHFODLPVWKDWGHIHQGDQWV¶FRQGXFW
ZDVH[WUHPHDQGRXWUDJHRXV7RHVWDEOLVKDSULPDIDFLHFDVH
RILQWHQWLRQDOLQIOLFWLRQRIHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVVDSODLQWLIIPXVW
VKRZ ³ H[WUHPH DQG RXWUDJHRXV FRQGXFW LQWHQW RU
UHFNOHVVQHVV FDXVDWLRQDQG VHYHUHHPRWLRQDOGLVWUHVV´
5REHUWVY$XWR2ZQHUV,QVXUDQFH&R1:G
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
6LPLODUO\ZHGRQRWEHOLHYHWKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWZDVLQ
HUURU LQ FRQFOXGLQJ LQ HIIHFW WKDW DQ RIILFHU ³LQ WKH
GHIHQGDQW¶VSRVLWLRQPHDVXUHGREMHFWLYHO\ZRXOG>QRW@KDYH
FOHDUO\XQGHUVWRRGWKDWKHZDVXQGHUDQDIILUPDWLYHGXW\WR
KDYHUHIUDLQHGIURPVXFKFRQGXFW´'RPLQTXHY7HOE
)G WK &LU VHH DOVR 3UD\ Y &LW\ RI
6DQGXVN\)G WK&LU FLWLQJ$GDPV
Y0HWLYD)G WK&LU 6XSUHPH&RXUW
SUHFHGHQWLVFRQVLVWHQWZLWKRXUFRQFOXVLRQKHUH,Q$GDPVY
:LOOLDPV 86 WKH &RXUW HPSKDVL]HG WKH
GXWLHVRIDVXVSLFLRXVRIILFHU
7KH )RXUWK $PHQGPHQW GRHV QRW UHTXLUH D SROLFHPDQ
ZKRODFNVWKHSUHFLVHOHYHORILQIRUPDWLRQQHFHVVDU\IRU
SUREDEOHFDXVHWRDUUHVWWRVLPSO\VKUXJKLVVKRXOGHUV
DQGDOORZDFULPHWRRFFXURUDFULPLQDOWRHVFDSH2Q
WKHFRQWUDU\7HUU\UHFRJQL]HVWKDWLWPD\EHWKHHVVHQFH
RI JRRG SROLFH ZRUN WR DGRSW DQ LQWHUPHGLDWH
UHVSRQVH$EULHIVWRSRIDVXVSLFLRXVLQGLYLGXDOLQ
RUGHUWRGHWHUPLQHKLVLGHQWLW\RUWRPDLQWDLQWKHVWDWXV
TXRPRPHQWDULO\ZKLOHREWDLQLQJPRUHLQIRUPDWLRQPD\
EH PRVW UHDVRQDEOH LQ OLJKW RI WKH IDFWV NQRZQ WR WKH
RIILFHUDWWKHWLPH
$GDPV86DW FLWDWLRQVRPLWWHG
5HFHQWO\ WKH &RXUW XSKHOG WKH VWRS DQG VHL]XUH RI D
SHGHVWULDQZKRZDVSUHVHQWLQDKLJKFULPHDUHDEHFDXVHKH
IOHGIURPWKHSROLFHRIILFHUVZKHQKHVDZWKHP:DUGORZ
6 &W DW 7KH &RXUW GHWHUPLQHG WKDW ³>D@Q
LQGLYLGXDO¶VSUHVHQFHLQDQDUHDRIH[SHFWHGFULPLQDODFWLYLW\
VWDQGLQJ DORQH LV QRW HQRXJK WR VXSSRUW D UHDVRQDEOH
SDUWLFXODUL]HG VXVSLFLRQ WKDW WKH SHUVRQ LV FRPPLWWLQJ D
FULPH%XWRIILFHUVDUHQRWUHTXLUHGWRLJQRUHWKHUHOHYDQW
FKDUDFWHULVWLFV RI D ORFDWLRQ LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ ZKHWKHU WKH
FLUFXPVWDQFHVDUHVXIILFLHQWO\VXVSLFLRXVWRZDUUDQWIXUWKHU
LQYHVWLJDWLRQ´ ,G DW FLWDWLRQV RPLWWHG 7KH &RXUW
FRQVLGHUHG WKH SHGHVWULDQ¶V IOLJKW DV D SHUWLQHQW IDFWRU LQ
GHWHUPLQLQJ ZKHWKHU UHDVRQDEOH VXVSLFLRQ H[LVWHG ,W
UHDVRQHGWKDW³>K@HDGORQJIOLJKW±ZKHUHYHULWRFFXUV±LVWKH

-- 9 of 10 --

:DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO 1R
,Q &DOLIRUQLD Y +RGDUL ' 86 WKH 6XSUHPH &RXUW
KHOG WKDW ZKHQ D VXVSHFW IOHHV DW WKH VLJKW RI DQ RIILFHU D ³VHL]XUH´ ZLWKLQ
WKH PHDQLQJ RI WKH )RXUWK $PHQGPHQW GRHV QRW RFFXU XQWLO WKH VXVSHFW LV
SK\VLFDOO\ DSSUHKHQGHG RU KH DFWXDOO\ VXEPLWV WR WKH DXWKRULW\ RI WKH
RIILFHU +RGDUL ' 86 DW VHH DOVR 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y 7D\ORU
)G Q WK &LU FLWLQJ +RGDUL ' DQG VWDWLQJ WKDW
VHL]XUH GRHV QRW RFFXU GXULQJ WKH WLPH OHDGLQJ XS WR SK\VLFDO
DSSUHKHQVLRQ 7KHUHIRUH DQ\ HYLGHQFH GLVFRYHUHG GXULQJ WKH KRW SXUVXLW
RI WKH VXVSHFW FRXOG EH SURSHUO\ DGPLVVLEOH DW WULDO 6HH +RGDUL '
86 DW KROGLQJ WKDW QR ³VHL]XUH´ KDG RFFXUUHG GXULQJ SXUVXLW RI
GHIHQGDQW DQG WKXV WKH FRFDLQH DEDQGRQHG ZKLOH GHIHQGDQW ZDV UXQQLQJ
ZDV QRW WKH IUXLW RI WKH VHL]XUH 7KLV UXOH DSSOLHV QRW RQO\ WR HQFRXQWHUV
RQ IRRW EXW DOVR WR VWRSV RI DXWRPRELOHV 6HH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y
:DVKLQJWRQ )G '& &LU 7KH LPSDFW RI +RGDUL
' LV VLJQLILFDQW EHFDXVH ³>W@KH GHWHUPLQDWLRQ >RI@ ZKHWKHU >RIILFHUV@ KDYH
IRXQGHG VXVSLFLRQ WR MXVWLI\ D VWRS PD\ WDNH LQWR DFFRXQW DOO RI WKH HYHQWV
WKDW RFFXU XS WR WKH WLPH RI SK\VLFDO DSSUHKHQVLRQ RI D VXVSHFW ZKR IOHHV´
8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y 6DQWDPDULD+HUQDQGH] )G WK &LU
:DUGORZ PDNHV FOHDU WKDW WKH ³HYHQWV´ WKDW PD\ EH FRQVLGHUHG
LQFOXGH IOLJKW RI WKH VXVSHFW 6HH :DUGORZ 6 &W DW
FRQVXPPDWHDFWRIHYDVLRQLWLVQRWQHFHVVDULO\LQGLFDWLYHRI
ZURQJGRLQJEXWLWLVFHUWDLQO\VXJJHVWLYHRIVXFK´,G
,QWKLVFDVHWKHRIILFHUVNQHZWKDWWKHDUHDKDGUHFHQWO\
EHHQ YLFWLPL]HG E\ YLROHQW FULPHV :DWNLQV¶ FDU ZDV
SURFHHGLQJLQWKHGDUNPRUQLQJKRXUVDWKDOIWKHVSHHGOLPLW
RIWKHVWUHHWVLQWKHUHVLGHQWLDODUHD7KHRIILFHUVPD\KDYH
VXVSHFWHGWKDWWKHGULYHURIWKHFDUZDVLQWR[LFDWHGRUWKDWKH
ZDV³FDVLQJ´WKHDUHD6HH8QLWHG6WDWHVY%DVH\)G
Q WK&LU QRWLQJWKDWVORZPRYLQJFDUV
LQWKHHDUO\PRUQLQJKRXUVPD\VXJJHVWWKDWWKHDUHDLVEHLQJ
³FDVHG´ VHH DOVR 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y 3LQHLUR 1R
:/ WK&LU-XO\ XSKROGLQJVWRSRI
YHKLFOHWKDWVORZHGGRZQXSRQVHHLQJWKHRIILFHUVDQGVORZ
VSHHGZDVLPSHGLQJWUDIILF 8QLWHG6WDWHVY5DPRV1R
:/ WK&LU2FW XSKROGLQJ
VWRS RI YHKLFOH WKDW ZDV WUDYHOLQJ PLOHV SHU KRXU RQ
LQWHUVWDWHZKHUHPLQLPXPVSHHGOLPLWZDVPLOHVSHUKRXU
DQG RIILFHU VXVSHFWHG WKDW GULYHU ZDV IDOOLQJ DVOHHS ,Q
DGGLWLRQWKHIDFWWKDW:DWNLQVUHIXVHGWRVWRSZKHQKHZDV
GLUHFWHGWRGRVRFRQWULEXWHGWRWKHRIILFHUV¶VXVSLFLRQWKDW
1R :DWNLQVY&LW\RI6RXWKILHOGHWDO
7KH &RXUW LQ :DUGORZ QRWHG WKDW ³VWDWH FRXUWV KDYH GLIIHUHG RQ
ZKHWKHU XQSURYRNHG IOLJKW LV VXIILFLHQW JURXQGV WR FRQVWLWXWH UHDVRQDEOH
VXVSLFLRQ´ :DUGORZ 6 &W DW Q :KLOH ZH GR QRW DGGUHVV
WKDW SDUWLFXODU LVVXH LQ WKH SUHVHQW FDVH ZH KROG WKDW WKH IOLJKW RI D VXVSHFW
VKRXOG EH FRQVLGHUHG DV D IDFWRU LQ GHWHUPLQLQJ ZKHWKHU UHDVRQDEOH
VXVSLFLRQ H[LVWV
FULPLQDO DFWLYLW\ PD\ KDYH EHHQ DIRRW ,Q OLJKW RI WKHVH
FLUFXPVWDQFHV ZH ILQG WKDW WKH RIILFHUV KDG D UHDVRQDEOH
VXVSLFLRQWRFRQGXFWD7HUU\VWRSRI:DWNLQV¶FDU:HGHHP
WKHLJQRULQJRIRUGHUVWRSXOORYHUWKHYHKLFOHWREHHTXLYDOHQW
IRUWKHVHSXUSRVHVWRDWWHPSWLQJWRIOHHIURPSROLFHXSRQD
VLJQDOWRVWRS
0RUHRYHU ³LI RIILFHUV RI UHDVRQDEOH FRPSHWHQFH FRXOG
GLVDJUHH RQ WKLV LVVXH LPPXQLW\ VKRXOG EH UHFRJQL]HG´
0DUOH\Y%ULJJV86 :HFDQQRWILQG
WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW WR KDYH HUUHG LQ FRQFOXGLQJ WKDW WKH
FLUFXPVWDQFHVKHUHLQGLFDWHGQRNQRZLQJYLRODWLRQRIFLYLORU
FRQVWLWXWLRQDOODZE\WKHGHIHQGDQWRIILFHUV6HHLG
&7KHGLVWULFWFRXUWGLGQRWHUUZKHQLWUXOHGWKDW3RUWHU
DQG :RRG ZHUH HQWLWOHG WR VXPPDU\ MXGJPHQW DV WR
:DWNLQV¶FODLPRIH[FHVVLYHIRUFH
:HDOVRDJUHHZLWKWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW¶VGHWHUPLQDWLRQWKDW
WKHGHIHQGDQWVDUHHQWLWOHGWRVXPPDU\MXGJPHQWUHJDUGLQJ
:DWNLQV¶H[FHVVLYHIRUFHFDXVHRIDFWLRQ(YHQZKHQYLHZHG
LQ WKH OLJKW PRVW IDYRUDEOH WR :DWNLQV WKH IDFWV GR QRW
VXSSRUWWKLVFODLP
7KHRIILFHUVJRWRXWRIWKHLUYHKLFOHVDQGRUGHUHG:DWNLQV
WR JHW RXW RI WKH FDU $V KH UHDFKHG WR XQGR KLV VHDWEHOW
:DWNLQVFRQWHQGVWKDWWKHRIILFHULQIURQWRIKLPVDLG³*R
DKHDG DQG GR LW DV LI , ZDV JRLQJ IRU D JXQ´ $Q RIILFHU
UHDFKHGLQDQGXQGLG:DWNLQV¶VHDWEHOWDQGSXOOHGKLPRXWRI
WKH FDU $IWHU EHLQJ KDQGFXIIHG DQG SDWWHGGRZQ IRU
ZHDSRQV:DWNLQVZDVSODFHGLQWKHEDFNRIWKHVTXDGFDU
$V KH ZDV DWWHPSWLQJ WR JHW LQ WKH VTXDG FDU ZLWK WKH
KDQGFXIIVRQ:DWNLQVKLWKLVKHDGRQFHRQWKHIUDPHRIWKH

-- 10 of 10 --