Budi Siswanto v. John Ashcroft, Attorney General of the United States

NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
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No: 03-4860
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BUDI SISWANTO,
Petitioner
v.
JOHN ASHCROFT, ATTORNEY
GENERAL OF THE UNITED STATES;
BUREAU OF CITIZENSHIP AND
IMMIGRATION SERVICES,
Respondents
Petition for Review of an Order
of the Board of Immigration Appeals
(A79-319-300)
Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)
February 17, 2005
Before: SLOVITER, AMBRO and ALDISERT, Circuit Judges.
(Filed February 22, 2005)
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OPINION

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SLOVITER, Circuit Judge.
Petitioner Budi Siswanto, an ethnically Chinese native of Indonesia who professes
to be a Christian, appeals the final order of removal by the Board of Immigration Appeals
(“BIA”) issued against him on December 23, 2003. In its two-page opinion, the BIA
affirmed the denial by the Immigration Judge (“IJ”) of Siswanto’s claim for an exception
to the one-year limit for filing an asylum application, as well as his substantive requests
for asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under the United Nations Convention
Against Torture (“CAT”). Rather than file a brief, the government seeks resolution of
this case on Siswanto’s brief and its June 3, 2004 Motion to Dismiss, cast in the
alternative as a Motion for Summary Affirmance. In its motion, the government argues
that we lack jurisdiction to review the BIA’s determination that the application was
untimely, and that this jurisdictional defect extends to Siswanto’s withholding and CAT
claims. Alternatively, it seeks summary affirmance of the BIA’s denial of withholding
and CAT relief on the ground that further briefing and argument are unnecessary. We
will grant the government’s Motion to Dismiss the appeal of the order denying Siswanto’s
application for an exception to the one-year limit for filing an asylum application. With
respect to Siswanto’s remaining claims for withholding and relief under the CAT, we will
deny the petition for review.
I.
Budi Siswanto arrived in the United States on January 14, 2000; at the time, he

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1 As of March 2003, “the INS ceased to exist as an independent agency within the
United States Department of Justice and its functions were transferred to the newly
formed United States Department of Homeland Security.” Leia v. Ashcroft, 393 F.3d
427, 430 n.4 (3d Cir. 2005). The Board of Immigration Appeals, however, remains within
the Department of Justice. Knapik v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 84, 86 (3d Cir. 2004) (citing
Homeland Security Act of 2002, Pub. L. No. 107-296, §§ 441, 451, 471, 116 Stat. 2135
(2002)).
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held a non-immigrant visitor visa that authorized him to remain in the country until April
15, 2000. He overstayed his visa, and on May 14, 2001, Siswanto filed an application for
asylum and withholding of removal. The Immigration and Naturalization Service
(“INS”)1 served Siswanto with a Notice to Appear on June 10, 2001. Having conceded
removability, Siswanto sought asylum, withholding of removal, and relief under CAT at
his hearing before the IJ. Siswanto claimed that as an Indonesian Christian of Chinese
descent, he faced an increasing chance of persecution for his religion and ethnicity at the
hands of Indonesian Muslims if he returned to Indonesia. Siswanto presented no
witnesses other than himself.
The IJ noted that Siswanto had failed to file his application for asylum within one
year of his arrival in the United States, see 8 C.F.R. 208.4, 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B), and
that there were no exceptional or changed circumstances to justify an exception to the
requirement. The IJ thus denied Siswanto’s asylum application. She proceeded to deny
his claims for withholding and CAT relief, but granted his request for voluntary
departure. Siswanto appealed to the BIA, which affirmed the IJ and adopted its decision
in a brief opinion issued on December 23, 2003. Siswanto timely appealed to this court

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the decision rejecting his excuse for late filing and filed a petition for review of the
decision of the BIA denying his application for asylum. On December 30, 2003, he
applied to this court for a stay of removal, which was denied on April 2, 2004.
II.
Siswanto first argues that the BIA erred in affirming the IJ’s finding that there
were no exceptional or changed circumstances to toll the one-year period for filing his
asylum application. We lack jurisdiction to hear this aspect of his appeal, and must
therefore dismiss it. Section 1158(a)(3) plainly divests courts of “jurisdiction to review
any determination of the Attorney General under paragraph (2),” which includes the
timeliness of an asylum application and any exceptions to the one-year filing period. 8
U.S.C. § 1158(a)(3); see also Tarrawally v. Ashcroft, 338 F.3d 180, 185-86 (3d Cir.
2003). Siswanto concedes that he filed the application beyond the one-year limit
established by 8 U.S.C. § 1158(a)(2)(B), which provides that an alien may not apply for
asylum “unless the alien demonstrates by clear and convincing evidence that the
application has been filed within 1 year after the date of the alien’s arrival in the United
States.” He argues that he is entitled to an exception to this rule on the basis of changed
circumstances under § 1158(a)(2)(D), and that the BIA erred in affirming the IJ’s denial
of an exception. Section 1158(a)(3) leaves us without authority to hear this claim;
accordingly, we will dismiss it. This also necessarily disposes of Siswanto’s claim that he
should have been granted asylum. A viable asylum application is a necessary predicate to

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2 The government also attacks Siswanto’s claim before the IJ that he is entitled to
relief under the CAT. While it is apparent from the record that Siswanto unsuccessfully
pressed this claim below, he did not pursue it in his brief to this court, and it is therefore
waived. Kost v. Kozakiewicz, 1 F.3d 176, 182 (3d Cir. 1993).
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review of an adverse asylum determination.
III.
Siswanto argues that in its de novo review, the BIA erred in affirming the IJ’s
denial of his claim for withholding of removal. The government has moved for summary
affirmance of the BIA on this issue, claiming that Siswanto’s petition for review is
without merit in this regard.2 In its motion, the government argues that the BIA properly
affirmed the IJ, and that there is no basis for questioning the BIA’s determination that
Siswanto’s claim for withholding is meritless. We agree.
To prove a claim for withholding of removal, a petitioner must show that there is a
“clear probability” of threat to his life or his freedom if he is removed. Chang v. INS,
119 F.3d 1055, 1059 (3d Cir. 1997); Janusiak v. INS, 947 F.2d 46, 47 (3d Cir. 1991). We
must uphold a decision of the BIA that is supported by substantial evidence on the record.
Zubeda v. Ashcroft, 333 F.3d 463, 471 (3d Cir. 2003). “[T]he BIA’s finding must be
upheld unless the evidence not only supports a contrary conclusion, but compels it.”
Abdille v. Ashcroft, 242 F.3d 477, 483-84 (3d Cir. 2001). Thus, we may only reverse the
BIA if a reasonable factfinder could not but conclude that a clear probability of
persecution existed. Chang, 119 F.3d at 1060. The record in this case does not show

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such a probability.
In its decision of December 23, 2003, the BIA affirmed the IJ’s finding that
Siswanto had failed to meet his burden of proof for withholding of removal. The BIA
noted the IJ’s finding that Siswanto had failed to explain why he did not correct errors in
his asylum application when he had the chance. Based on the inconsistencies between
Siswanto’s application, his asylum interview, and his testimony, the BIA found ample
support in the record for the IJ’s conclusion.
With respect to persecution on the basis of Chinese ancestry, the 2000 Country
Report on Human Rights Practices from the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and
Labor showed that while the problem of racially motivated attacks by Indonesians against
Sino-Indonesians has not vanished, it has subsided significantly since mid-1998.
Regarding persecution on the basis of his professed Christian faith, the BIA correctly
noted that while the 2001 Country Report on Indonesia mentioned some attacks on
Christians in specific parts of the country, nowhere did it note such attacks on the island
of Java, which is Siswanto’s home. The BIA could reasonably have drawn from this the
inference that Siswanto would not face a clear probability of persecution upon his return
to Java.
Taken together, Siswanto’s evidence simply does not inexorably compel the
conclusion that he faced a “clear probability” of persecution for either his faith or his
ethnicity were he to return to Indonesia. We will therefore deny Siswanto’s petition for

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review.
IV.
In conclusion, we hold that we lack jurisdiction to review the determination that
Siswanto’s asylum application was untimely. With respect to his claim for withholding of
removal, we find no ground for reversal and therefore deny his petition for review.

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