Question juridique clé
Whether the trial judge's prior evidentiary activity created an appearance of bias requiring recusal.
Solution extraite
No. Taking evidence in the main hearing did not, in the circumstances, objectively create a justified appearance of partiality.
Motifs extraits
Articles 58(1) BV and 6(1) ECHR require objective circumstances capable of undermining confidence in impartiality. Prior judicial involvement can raise concerns, but here the judge merely completed the evidentiary record within the main proceedings; this did not amount to prejudgment.