Question juridique clé
Whether the first-instance procedure in definitive debt-enforcement proceedings respected the debtor’s right to be heard, especially the right to reply and duplika.
Solution extraite
No. The debtor had to be given an opportunity to comment on the creditor’s reply before judgment, because the reply contained new, decisive allegations and evidence.
Motifs extraits
The court held that the constitutional and Convention guarantees of a fair hearing apply also in summary debt-enforcement proceedings. A party must be able to comment on decisive submissions and evidence. Here, the first instance based its reasoning on the creditor’s reply, but the debtor received it only together with the judgment and could not react in advance. The violation was serious and not curable on appeal.