Whether the remuneration for court-appointed defense must include VAT when the defendant is domiciled abroad.
Yes. The services of court-appointed defense are taxable, so the fee must be increased by VAT because the recipient is the State in Switzerland.
The court held that the recipient of the service is the State, not the foreign-domiciled accused, and that court-appointed defense is not a sovereign activity exempt from VAT under the VAT Act.