Question juridique clé
Whether the children's move from Poland to Switzerland was unlawful under the Hague Child Abduction Convention
Solution extraite
Yes. Under Polish law the father, as co-holder of parental authority, had to consent to an international relocation, and the divorce agreement did not amount to such consent.
Motifs extraits
The court held that the right to decide residence abroad formed part of custody under Art. 5 Hague Convention. Polish law required joint agreement on essential matters, including permanent relocation abroad. The prior agreement on residence with the mother did not implicitly authorize relocation to Switzerland because it also preserved extensive visitation rights incompatible with the move.