Question juridique clé
Whether the Spanish judgment was civil and therefore recognizable under the Lugano Convention
Solution extraite
The restitution order was civil in nature, not an act of confiscation to the State, and fell within the Lugano Convention.
Motifs extraits
The Spanish courts expressly treated A. as civilly liable and identified the victim as the company with its 8 June 1988 shareholder composition; no payment to the State was ordered.