Question juridique clé
Whether the respondent had standing to sue on the promissory note without an endorsement in his favor.
Solution extraite
Yes. By paying the bank, the respondent became holder of the note by operation of law and could exercise recourse without endorsement.
Motifs extraits
Under the rules on aval and promissory notes, the paying avalist acquires the instrument ex lege and may proceed against the other avalist; no prior protest or endorsement is required.