Question juridique clé
Whether charging the municipal waste base fee to apartment owners rather than tenants violates federal waste-law causation and federal supremacy.
Solution extraite
No. A flat base fee may be charged to property owners of rented buildings as a practical way to finance waste infrastructure, and this does not contradict Art. 2 and 32a LPE.
Motifs extraits
Art. 32a LPE gives cantons and municipalities broad discretion. The base fee is payment for infrastructure availability, not only for actual waste generation. The owner may pass it on to tenants; charging the owner is therefore compatible with causation and does not conflict with federal law.