Question juridique clé
Whether the cantonal judges had to recuse themselves under Art. 53 let. d LOJ/FR and constitutional/ECHR impartiality guarantees
Solution extraite
No. The challenged judges were not parties to the assistance-legal-aid proceeding, so the cited ground for recusal did not exist; the remaining constitutional and Convention arguments also failed.
Motifs extraits
The judge concerned, Kaeser, was only involved in the underlying criminal matter, not in the proceeding on withdrawal of legal aid. Therefore no professional relationship within the meaning of Art. 53 let. d LOJ/FR justified recusal.