Question juridique clé
Whether the investigating judge had to be recused for objective appearance of bias.
Solution extraite
No objective circumstances showed hatred, favour, or other appearance of partiality; the challenged procedural acts did not justify recusal.
Motifs extraits
Under constitutional impartiality guarantees, recusal requires objectively ascertainable circumstances creating an appearance of bias. Ordinary procedural or appraisal errors are insufficient; only particularly serious or repeated breaches may justify recusal. The judge’s indictment of the accused, handling of the witness request, and assessment of the settlement agreement did not show bias.