Question juridique clé
Whether the appellate judges and clerk had to recuse themselves for alleged apparent bias after warning of a possible reformatio in peius.
Solution extraite
No objective appearance of bias was shown; the warning served procedural fairness and did not indicate predetermination.
Motifs extraits
The appellate court merely explained why a worsening of the appellant's position was possible and invited withdrawal. Such an instructional step in the appeal proceedings does not make the outcome appear closed, and a panel decision rather than a single-judge order does not itself show bias.