Mother Doe A v. The Citadel

THIS OPINION HAS NO PRECEDENTIAL VALUE. IT SHOULD NOT BE
CITED OR RELIED ON AS PRECEDENT IN ANY PROCEEDING
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY RULE 268(d)(2), SCACR.

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
In The Court of Appeals

Mother Doe A, Appellant,

v.

The Citadel, Respondent.

Appellate Case No. 2015-001920

Appeal From Charleston County
R. Markley Dennis, Jr., Circuit Court Judge

Unpublished Opinion No. 2017-UP-282
Heard May 9, 2017 – Filed July 12, 2017

AFFIRMED

Allan Poe Sloan, III, Joseph C. Wilson, IV, and Kristen
Bates Fehsenfeld, all of Pierce, Herns, Sloan & Wilson,
LLC, of Charleston; Gregg E. Meyers, of Jeff Anderson
& Associates, P.A., of Saint Paul, Minnesota, for
Appellant.

M. Dawes Cooke, Jr., Randell Croft Stoney, Jr., and John
William Fletcher, all of Barnwell Whaley Patterson &
Helms, LLC, of Charleston, for Respondent.
PER CURIAM: In this civil matter, Mother Doe A (Mother) appeals the circuit
court's grant of summary judgment to The Citadel, arguing the court erred in
dismissing her claims for (1) the loss of her minor son's services/consortium, (2)
outrage, and (3) civil conspiracy. 1 We affirm.

1. First, we must uphold the circuit court's grant of summary judgment in favor of
The Citadel as it relates to Mother's claim for the loss of her child's consortium.
Like the circuit court, we are bound by our supreme court's explicit holding in Doe
v. Greenville County School District that, although South Carolina law recognizes
a parent's claim for the loss of his child's services and pecuniary losses resulting
from the child's injury, it does not recognize a cause of action for loss of the child's
consortium. See 375 S.C. 63, 68–70, 651 S.E.2d 305, 307–09 (2007); see also S.C.
CONST. art. V, § 9 ("The decisions of the Supreme Court shall bind the Court of
Appeals as precedents.").

With respect to the cause of action recognized under South Carolina law, we agree
with the circuit court's finding that Mother failed to present a scintilla of evidence
concerning the loss of her son's services or labor as a result of his abuse. See
Hancock v. Mid-South Mgmt. Co., 381 S.C. 326, 330, 673 S.E.2d 801, 803 (2009)
(finding when the preponderance of the evidence standard applies, the nonmoving
party is only required to submit a mere scintilla of evidence to withstand a motion
for summary judgment). Furthermore, the circuit court found Mother did not
present any evidence of incurred medical expenses. Although Mother pointed out
in her Rule 59(e), SCRCP, motion that she testified in a deposition to enrolling her
son in a therapy program, she did not specifically appeal the circuit court's ruling in
her appellate brief; instead, she focused on her outrage damages. Therefore, the
circuit court's ruling is the law of the case. See Atl. Coast Builders & Contractors,
LLC v. Lewis, 398 S.C. 323, 329, 730 S.E.2d 282, 285 (2012) ("[A]n unappealed
ruling, right or wrong, is the law of the case.").

2. Next, we find the circuit court properly dismissed Mother's outrage claim. In
South Carolina, outrage claims are limited to a defendant's egregious conduct
toward a plaintiff. See Upchurch v. N.Y. Times Co., 314 S.C. 531, 536, 431 S.E.2d
558, 561 (1993). "It is not enough that the conduct is intentional and outrageous.
It must be conduct directed at the plaintiff, or occur in the presence of a plaintiff of
whom the defendant is aware." Id. (emphasis added). In the instant case, Mother
did not present any evidence that The Citadel directed any tortious conduct
specifically toward her. Indeed, it is undisputed that The Citadel was unaware of

1
We have consolidated Mother's five issues on appeal into three.
Mother's—or her son's—very existence before the commencement of this lawsuit.
Additionally, Mother cannot recover on any third-party outrage theory because no
evidence shows The Citadel violently attacked her son in her presence. See id. at
537, 431 S.E.2d at 562 (limiting third-party recovery for outrage to situations in
which the plaintiff witnessed a violent attack upon another and would likely cause
fright or shock). Therefore, we affirm the circuit court's decision on this issue. 2

3. Last, we hold the circuit court correctly granted summary judgment to The
Citadel on Mother's civil conspiracy claim. The Citadel, a governmental entity, is
immune from liability for conduct in which its employees intend to harm a
plaintiff. See S.C. Code Ann. § 15-78-60(17) (2005) (providing the state retains
sovereign immunity for a loss resulting from "employee conduct . . . which
constitutes actual fraud, actual malice, intent to harm, or a crime involving moral
turpitude" (emphasis added)); Hackworth v. Greywood at Hammett, LLC, 385 S.C.
110, 115, 682 S.E.2d 871, 874 (Ct. App. 2009) (stating the tort of civil conspiracy
is established when two or more persons, for the purpose of injuring the plaintiff,
cause the plaintiff special damages).

Furthermore, we reject Mother's argument that she may sue various officials for
conspiracy by simply naming The Citadel as the defendant. Mother's civil
conspiracy claim, which alleges The Citadel's employees intentionally harmed her,
is outside the scope of the TCA. See § 15-78-60(17) (stating a governmental entity
retains immunity from employee conduct that constitutes an intent to harm).
Mother failed to include any employee or official of The Citadel as a named
defendant in his individual capacity in this lawsuit. See S.C. Code Ann. § 15-78-
70(b) (2005) ("Nothing in [the TCA] may be construed to give an employee of a
governmental entity immunity from suit and liability if it is proved that the
employee's conduct . . . constituted actual fraud, actual malice, intent to harm, or a
crime involving moral turpitude." (emphases added)).

AFFIRMED.

WILLIAMS and KONDUROS, JJ., and LEE, A.J., concur.

2
Because our resolution of this issue is dispositive, we decline to address whether
the circuit court erred in finding the South Carolina Tort Claims Act (TCA) barred
Mother's outrage claim. See Futch v. McAllister Towing of Georgetown, Inc., 335
S.C. 598, 613, 518 S.E.2d 591, 598 (1999) (ruling an appellate court need not
address remaining issues when its resolution of a prior issue is dispositive).