Richard Rogozinski v. City of Simpsonville

THIS OPINION HAS NO PRECEDENTIAL VALUE. IT SHOULD NOT BE
CITED OR RELIED ON AS PRECEDENT IN ANY PROCEEDING
EXCEPT AS PROVIDED BY RULE 268(d)(2), SCACR.

THE STATE OF SOUTH CAROLINA
In The Court of Appeals

Richard Joseph Rogozinski, Respondent,

v.

County of Greenville and City of Simpsonville,
Appellants.

Appellate Case No. 2020-001188

Appeal From Greenville County
Charles B. Simmons, Jr., Master-in-Equity

Unpublished Opinion No. 2023-UP-269
Submitted June 1, 2023 – Filed July 19, 2023

AFFIRMED

Boyd Benjamin Nicholson, Jr., Sarah P. Spruill, and
Jonathan David Klett, all of Haynsworth Sinkler Boyd,
PA, of Greenville, for Appellant County of Greenville.

Daniel Roper Hughes, of Duggan & Hughes, LLC, of
Greer, for Appellant City of Simpsonville.

Clayton L. Jennings, of Jennings Law Firm, LLC, of
Greenville, for Respondent.
PER CURIAM: Richard Joseph Rogozinski filed this declaratory judgment
action against the County of Greenville (the County) and the City of Simpsonville
(the City; collectively, Appellants) seeking—and, ultimately, obtaining—a
declaration that Maple Court was dedicated as a public road. Appellants appeal the
Master-in-Equity's order, arguing the Master erred in finding dedication. We
affirm.

"The determination of whether a roadway has been dedicated to the public is an
action in equity. As such, we have jurisdiction on appeal to find facts in
accordance with our own view of the preponderance of the evidence." Mack v.
Edens, 320 S.C. 236, 239, 464 S.E.2d 124, 126 (Ct. App. 1995) (internal citation
omitted). "[D]edication is an exceptional mode of passing an interest in land, and
proof of dedication must be strict, cogent, and convincing." Id. "[T]he burden of
proof to establish dedication is upon the party claiming it." Anderson v. Town of
Hemingway, 269 S.C. 351, 354, 237 S.E.2d 489, 490 (1977). "Dedication requires
two elements. First, the owner must express in a positive and unmistakable
manner the intention to dedicate his property to public use. Second, there must be,
within a reasonable time, an express or implied public acceptance of the property
offered for dedication." Mack, 320 S.C. at 239, 464 S.E.2d at 126 (internal citation
omitted).
Appellants do not refute the Master's finding of intent to dedicate Maple Court.
Accordingly, we turn to the question of acceptance.
Initially, Appellants argue the Master shifted the burden of proof onto Appellants
to refute the final plat after it had been approved for recording. We disagree.
Instead, the Master relied on the documents to find dedication, including the clear
language in the plat stating it was a "Certificate of Ownership and Dedication"; the
signature of approval on the Statement of Dedication by the Director of Planning
for the Greenville County Planning Commission and the approval by the County
Attorney; the nonassessment of taxes for decades; and the use of Maple Court by
the sheriff's office.
Appellants next argue the Master erred in finding implied acceptance of
dedication. Under our own view of the preponderance of the evidence, we find
implied acceptance. See Town of Kingstree v. Chapman, 405 S.C. 282, 302, 747
S.E.2d 494, 504 (Ct. App. 2013) ("No particular formality is necessary to effect a
common law dedication." (quoting Boyd v. Hyatt, 294 S.C. 360, 364, 364 S.E.2d
478, 480 (Ct. App. 1988))); id. ("An intention to dedicate may be implied from the
circumstances." (quoting Boyd, 294 S.C. at 364, 364 S.E.2d at 480)); Mack, 320
S.C. at 240, 464 S.E.2d at 126 ("[A]cceptance and dedication may be demonstrated
by a governmental authority not assessing taxes on the land."); Helsel v. City of
North Myrtle Beach, 307 S.C. 24, 27, 413 S.E.2d 821, 823 (1992) ("Acceptance of
an offer of dedication also may be recognized through a public authority's using,
repairing, or working the streets."). In addition to law enforcement's use of Maple
Court, Rogozinski testified the road was open to the public. Furthermore, the
County admitted the property had never been taxed. Thus, we find implied
acceptance of the dedication of Maple Court. 1

AFFIRMED. 2

THOMAS, MCDONALD, and HEWITT, JJ., concur.

1
The County argues that if this court affirms the Master's finding of dedication, the
Master correctly found that Maple Court was annexed to the City and is now under
the jurisdiction and responsibility of the City. Because the City did not appeal the
Master's finding on this issue, we find no justiciable controversy between the
parties regarding the Master's finding that Maple Court was annexed to the City
and decline to address the issue. See Lennon v. S.C. Coastal Council, 330 S.C.
414, 415, 498 S.E.2d 906, 906 (Ct. App. 1998) ("A threshold inquiry for any court
is a determination of justiciability, i.e., whether the litigation presents an active
case or controversy.").
2
We decide this case without oral argument pursuant to Rule 215, SCACR.