Poplar Springs Nursing Center v. Mississippi Division of Medicaid and Drew Snyder, in his Official Capacity as Executive Director of the Mississippi Division of Medicaid

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2020-SA-01333-COA

POPLAR SPRINGS NURSING CENTER APPELLANT

v.

MISSISSIPPI DIVISION OF MEDICAID AND APPELLEES
DREW SNYDER, IN HIS OFFICIAL CAPACITY
AS EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE
MISSISSIPPI DIVISION OF MEDICAID

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 11/09/2020
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. DENISE OWENS
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: HINDS COUNTY CHANCERY COURT,
FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLANT: JULIE BOWMAN MITCHELL
PHILIP JOSEPH CHAPMAN
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEES: JANET McMURTRAY
MAUREEN BURKE SPEYERER
SAMUEL GOFF
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - STATE BOARDS AND AGENCIES
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 04/19/2022
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE BARNES, C.J., McCARTY AND SMITH, JJ.

McCARTY, J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. Unsatisfied with a series of cost adjustments by the Division of Medicaid, a nursing

home sought review in chancery court. The court ruled it did not have subject matter

jurisdiction because the nursing home had not exhausted its administrative remedies. Finding

that the nursing home did not timely seek review of the cost adjustments, we affirm the

dismissal for lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
¶2. Poplar Springs Nursing Center is the current operator of a nursing facility located in

Meridian, Mississippi. The nursing home began operating in this capacity after a change of

ownership in 2005.

¶3. The Division of Medicaid requires that all nursing facilities file annual cost reports

that represent all expenses by each facility. The Division of Medicaid uses this cost report

to establish a per diem rate that is paid to each facility for Medicaid-eligible residents cared

for in the facility.

¶4. Poplar Springs was a new provider in 2005, so it had no previous history of cost

reports. As a result, the state plan in effect in 2005 stated that Poplar Springs was granted

the maximum-allowed per diem rate until the change-of-ownership cost report was submitted

and rates were calculated. This per diem rate sets the rate retroactively after the actual cost

is determined. The first change-of-ownership cost report covered August through October

of 2005.

¶5. In December 2006, the Division of Medicaid conducted a “desk review”1 of the

change-of-ownership cost report. Poplar Springs did not object to the findings of the desk

review. Three years later, the agency retained an independent auditor to conduct an audit of

1
The Administrative Code governing the Mississippi Division of Medicaid Rule
1.3(E) explains that “[p]eriodically the Division of Medicaid staff may conduct desk reviews
of Administrative Claiming services,” and “[t]hese desk reviews include, but are not limited
to, the analysis of required documentation and various reports.” 23 Miss. Admin. Code Pt.
301, R. 1.3(E) (2012). These desk reviews do not include face-to-face interviews, unlike on-
site visits.

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the change-of-ownership cost report. This audit resulted in new proposed cost adjustments.

Poplar Springs retained a certified public accountant to respond to the proposed adjustments.

The independent auditor sent a letter to Poplar Springs’ accountant in 2009, stating that

Poplar Springs “will receive a copy of the final report from the MDOM with instructions on

how to proceed should you wish to pursue these issues further.”

The 2009 Findings

¶6. The Division issued its first decision in June 2009. A letter detailing the findings was

sent to Poplar Springs, via its CPA, by certified mail. The letter informed the nursing facility

of its right to request an appeal within thirty days of receiving notice of the adjustments and

informed Poplar Springs that the audit would be final in thirty days absent an appeal. The

nursing home did not seek an administrative appeal of this June 2009 letter.

The 2011 Findings

¶7. The Division issued its second series of findings in March 2011, and contained

certain rate adjustments for Poplar Springs relating to an amended audit. The 2011 letter

again explained how the nursing facility would have thirty days to request an appeal of the

adjustments. Critically, the 2011 letter also explained how the adjustments made in 2009

were now final:

In accordance with Medicaid policy, you have thirty (30) days from your
receipt of this letter to appeal these changes. In regards to the other
adjustments that were not revised, your thirty (30) day period to appeal
has expired. If we have not received a response from you within (30) days of
receipt, the Division of Medicaid will deem the audit findings final and
proceed to adjust the facility’s reimbursement rates as appropriate. Any request

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for a hearing must be made in accordance with Medicaid Policy Section 7.06[.]

(Emphasis added).

¶8. Poplar Springs took no action after receiving this letter and did not seek administrative

review of the findings. As a result, the cost adjustments became final and were then used to

calculate the new per diem rate for the nursing facility.

The 2013 Findings

¶9. The Division issued its third decision in March 2013. The 2013 decision involved

only rate calculations based on the previously uncontested rate adjustments based on the 2009

and 2011 decisions. The 2013 rate calculations letter revealed the Division had overpaid the

nursing center in the amount of $996,000. The nearly one-million-dollar amount was subject

to recoupment by the Division of Medicaid.

¶10. Only then did Poplar Springs jump into action. In April 2013, the nursing home

timely filed an appeal and requested a hearing regarding the rate adjustments from the March

2013 Medicaid decision. However, Poplar Springs used this opportunity to attempt to

include a review of the 2009 and 2011 rate adjustments and their underlying cost

adjustments.

¶11. The Division of Medicaid denied Polar Springs’ requests on administrative appeal of

the rate adjustments from June 2009 to March 2011, finding them time-barred. However,

it did allow the nursing home to pursue an administrative appeal of the March 2013 rate

calculations.

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¶12. The nursing center alleged there was no final determination made by the Division

regarding the rate adjustments in 2009 and 2011 until the 2013 letter, which Poplar Springs

argued finalized the cost adjustments. The agency declined to review the 2009 and 2011

adjustments. Unsatisfied with going forward with only an administrative hearing relating to

the 2013 rate calculations, Polar Springs requested that the Division stay the administrative

hearing while it sought review from the chancery court as to whether it could contest the

2009 and 2011 adjustments. The agency consented to this process and agreed to a stay.

¶13. Once in chancery court, the Division of Medicaid sought to dismiss for lack of subject

matter jurisdiction. The Division of Medicaid argued that the nursing center failed to exhaust

its available administrative remedies by failing to timely appeal the 2009 and 2011 cost

adjustments, so the chancery court lacked subject matter jurisdiction.

¶14. The chancery court conducted a hearing. To some extent, Poplar Springs protested

that it had not received the 2009 letter, although this argument was not supported by the

testimony of a witness or an affidavit. Regardless, when questioned by the chancery court,

the nursing home did admit to receiving the 2011 letter, which clearly notified it of the 2009

changes:

[THE COURT]: But you-all, I mean you got the second one, so you knew
about the [2009] decision.

[COUNSEL]: We did, but that - - well, at that point, we would have
learned about it, yes, but we didn’t know what those
adjustments were other than the amended adjustments in
that new audit report. There was never - - they were
never provided an opportunity to appeal even though

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they got it, Your Honor. That letter stated the old
adjustments of these three new ones are unappealable at
this time.

(Emphasis added). Poplar Springs further conceded it took no action in 2011.

¶15. The chancery court granted the Division’s motion to dismiss, holding that Poplar

Springs had failed to seek an administrative review in either 2009 or 2011. This failure to

exhaust administrative remedies required the chancery court to dismiss the case for lack of

subject matter jurisdiction.

STANDARD OF REVIEW

¶16. “In reviewing appeals taken from chancery court rulings, we apply a limited standard

of review in that the factual findings of the chancery court, if supported by substantial

evidence, will not be disturbed unless the chancery court abused its discretion, applied an

erroneous legal standard, or its findings are manifestly wrong or clearly erroneous.” Rucker

v. Miss. Dep’t of Revenue, 281 So. 3d 253, 254 (¶6) (Miss. Ct. App. 2019). “However,

questions of law receive a de novo review.” Id.

DISCUSSION

¶17. Poplar Springs claims two errors on appeal. The first focuses on whether the Division

of Medicaid deprived it of due process by the denial of the request for an administrative

hearing on the 2009 and 2011 cost adjustments. Second, the nursing home claims the denial

of its request to appeal the 2009 and 2011 letters was “contrary to the law, arbitrary,

capricious, and against the substantial weight of the evidence.”

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¶18. The chancery court did not reach the merits of those alleged errors, as it ruled that it

did not have subject matter jurisdiction. “As a threshold inquiry, subject matter jurisdiction

must be determined before the court has authority to decide whether plaintiff has stated a

claim upon which relief may be granted.” Luckett v. Miss. Wood Inc., 481 So. 2d 288, 290

(Miss. 1985). “When a plaintiff’s allegations of jurisdiction are questioned, the plaintiff

bears the burden to prove jurisdiction by a preponderance of the evidence.” Schmidt v. Cath.

Diocese of Biloxi, 18 So. 3d 814, 822 (¶14) (Miss. 2009).

¶19. The Division of Medicaid has established administrative remedies that must be

followed by providers who participate in the Medicaid program. Section 7.06 of the Provider

Policy Manual providing for administrative hearings states in pertinent part:

[A]dministrative hearings shall be available to providers of services
participating in Mississippi Medicaid. These hearings are for providers who
are dissatisfied with final administrative decisions of DOM relating to
disallowances . . . or matters relating to payment rates or reimbursement if not
previously considered by DOM under Public Notice or Public Hearing
Procedures.

Additionally, section 7.06 of the Provider Policy Manual provides that “[w]ithin thirty (30)

calendar days after a final administrative decision has been made, the provider may request

a formal hearing.” The Policy Manual further states that “[u]nless DOM receives a timely

and proper request for a hearing from the provider, the final administrative decision rendered

by the DOM shall not be subject to review.”

¶20. Therefore, pursuant to these administrative regulations, a provider must notify the

Division of Medicaid within thirty days of issuance of a final administrative decision that it

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seeks an administrative review of a decision by the Division of Medicaid. The Policy

Manual goes on to state that if a timely request is received, an administrative hearing will be

conducted before an administrative law judge. Once the administrative hearing process has

concluded and a final decision on the issue has been entered, a provider may then file an

appeal in the chancery court. An appeal can be made to the chancery court only after a final

decision has been made by the Executive Director regarding the matter.

¶21. In a recent decision by this Court, we held that the failure to exhaust administrative

remedies by seeking a timely appeal will result in a lack of subject matter jurisdiction.

Rucker, 281 So. 3d at 255 (¶12). In Rucker, a taxpayer sought judicial review from the

chancery court of a board of review’s denial of his request for a hearing to challenge a tax

assessment. Id. at 254 (¶¶2-3). The taxpayer’s appeal was denied by the board of review as

being untimely. Id. at (¶3). Like the Division of Medicaid did in this case, the Department

of Revenue argued the petitioner “did not properly exhaust the administrative appeal process

and that therefore the chancery court did not have the jurisdiction to properly hear his claim.”

Id.

¶22. This Court agreed, finding that the taxpayer should have appealed to the Board of

Review first and then to the Board of Tax Appeals. Id. at 255-56 (¶12). Since he did not,

the decision was not subject to review since “[i]t is well settled that a complainant must

exhaust the administrative remedies available to him before resorting to the courts for

resolution of his dispute.” Id. at 255 (¶12) (internal quotation mark omitted) (quoting

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Fillingame v. Miss. State Fire Acad., 217 So. 3d 686, 688 (¶13) (Miss. Ct. App. 2016)). As

a result, this Court held that “the chancery court correctly found that it lacked subject-matter

jurisdiction[.]” Id.; see Fillingame, 217 So. 3d at 687 (¶2) (holding that the circuit court

correctly found it lacked subject matter jurisdiction where a firefighter trainee did not exhaust

his administrative remedies before seeking relief from the circuit court); see also Alford v.

Miss. Div. of Medicaid, 30 So. 3d 1212, 1222 (¶32) (Miss. 2010) (finding that when a wife

did not exhaust administrative remedies, the chancery court did not have jurisdiction to

increase certain disability benefits).

¶23. Here, the nursing facility did not follow the administrative procedure for a decision

by the Division to be reviewed in the chancery court. It has been long established that

“[w]here an administrative agency regulates certain activity, an aggrieved party must first

seek relief from the administrative agency before seeking relief from the trial courts.”

Chevron U.S.A. Inc. v. Smith, 844 So. 2d 1145, 1148 (¶11) (Miss. 2002). Poplar Springs

conceded in briefing and before the chancery court to receiving the 2011 letter. The 2011

letter expressly built upon the conclusion of the 2009 letter, stating that “[i]n regards to the

other adjustments that were not revised, your thirty (30) day period to appeal has expired.”

(Emphasis added). These “other adjustments” referenced in the 2011 letter then explicitly

refer to the 2009 letter.2 As such, the time for Poplar Springs to have objected to this report

2
While the nursing home does briefly mention in its principal brief that it never
received the 2009 letter, only in its reply brief does Poplar Springs expressly detail an
argument of why it might not have received the 2009 letter. “This Court does not consider

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would have been in 2011 when it arguably discovered that these “other adjustments”

referenced the 2009 letter. The nursing center never appealed either the 2011 Audit

Adjustments letter or the 2009 Audit Adjustments letter within the thirty-day time frame. As

a result, the findings detailed in those letters are beyond the scope of administrative review.

¶24. The same conclusion was reached in a case including the Mississippi Division of

Medicaid before our Supreme Court. Alford, 30 So. 3d at 1221 (¶30). There, prior to filing

an application for Medicaid, a wife filed a petition in chancery court to increase certain

disability benefits on behalf of her husband. Id. at 1213 (¶2). The Division of Medicaid

contended that the wife never filed an application on behalf of her husband for Medicaid

eligibility, and the couple had failed to exhaust their administrative remedies. Id. The

chancery court found that it lacked the authority to grant relief under the relevant statute prior

to the husband and wife exhausting their administrative remedies. Id. at 1214 (¶5). The wife

appealed. Id.

¶25. Relying on Arkansas and Missouri caselaw to render its decision, the Supreme Court

held that “where a remedy before an administrative agency is provided, relief must be sought

by exhausting this remedy before the courts will act.” Id. at 1221 (¶29) (internal quotation

marks omitted) (quoting Davis v. Barr, 250 Miss. 54, 157 So. 2d 505, 507 (1963)).

issues raised for the first time in an appellant’s reply brief.” Jenkins v. State, 283 So. 3d 217,
221 (¶14) (Miss. Ct. App. 2019). In any event, our analysis centers on Poplar Springs’
admitted receipt of the 2011 letter, which informed it of the 2009 rate adjustments. As set
out amply above, Poplar Springs took no action in 2011 to raise these concerns.

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Addressing the doctrine of administrative remedies in regard to the issue of jurisdiction, the

Court acknowledged that “the courts cannot or will not determine a controversy involving

a question which is within the jurisdiction of an administrative tribunal prior to the decision

of that question by the administrative tribunal. . . .” Id. (quoting Ill. Cent. R.R. Co. v. M.T.

Reed Const. Co., 51 So. 2d 573, 575 (Miss. 1951)). Finally, the Supreme Court reiterated

the need for administrative exhaustion, stating that the “rule requiring exhaustion of

administrative remedies will be applied even though a party contends that the action of the

administrative agency is beyond the power and jurisdiction of the agency.” Id. at (¶30).

¶26. Precedent makes clear that if there is an available remedy at the administrative level,

an aggrieved party is required to exhaust its administrative remedies before seeking judicial

relief. Poplar Springs had thirty days to seek administrative review after receipt of the letters.

It chose not to, and as a result, its time to appeal has passed. It did not take action at either

point, and at this late date Poplar Springs cannot complain it was deprived of due process.

See Williams v. Est. of Winding (In re Last Will & Testament of Winding), 783 So. 2d 707,

711 (¶15) (Miss. 2001) (“[E]quity aids the vigilant and not those who slumber on their

rights.”); see, e.g., Hudnall v. Miss. Dep’t of Emp. Sec., 324 So. 3d 1201, 1203 (¶11) (Miss.

Ct. App. 2021) (“[I]f the notice of appeal is not timely filed, the appellate court simply does

not have jurisdiction.”); Arrington v. Miss. State Bd. of Dental Examiners, 266 So. 3d 627,

630 (¶7) (Miss. 2019) (“[T]o vest the chancery court with appellate jurisdiction, the notice

of appeal must be filed within thirty days,” and when it was not, there is no jurisdiction);

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Cromwell v. Miss. Dep’t of Emp. Sec., 87 So. 3d 476, 476-77 (¶5) (Miss. Ct. App. 2011)

(“Timely notice of appeal is jurisdictional”). Therefore we affirm the chancery court’s ruling

that it lacked subject matter jurisdiction to hear the matter.

CONCLUSION

¶27. Since Poplar Springs did not seek review of the 2009 or 2011 letters within thirty

days, they are time-barred. Therefore we find that the chancery court lacked subject matter

jurisdiction because Poplar Springs failed to exhaust its administrative remedies before

seeking review by the chancery court.

¶28. AFFIRMED.

BARNES, C.J., CARLTON AND WILSON, P.JJ., GREENLEE,
WESTBROOKS, McDONALD, LAWRENCE AND SMITH, JJ., CONCUR.
EMFINGER, J., NOT PARTICIPATING.

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