Cynthia McNair v. J.F.M., Inc.

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF MISSISSIPPI

NO. 2020-CA-00342-COA

CYNTHIA McNAIR APPELLANT

v.

J.F.M., INC. APPELLEE

DATE OF JUDGMENT: 02/21/2020
TRIAL JUDGE: HON. ROBERT B. HELFRICH
COURT FROM WHICH APPEALED: FORREST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT
ATTORNEY FOR APPELLANT: VANESSA J. JONES
ATTORNEYS FOR APPELLEE: WILLIAM HARRY ECKERT
ROY A. NOWELL JR.
MICHAEL J. TARLETON
NATURE OF THE CASE: CIVIL - PERSONAL INJURY
DISPOSITION: AFFIRMED - 07/27/2021
MOTION FOR REHEARING FILED:
MANDATE ISSUED:

BEFORE BARNES, C.J., WESTBROOKS AND SMITH, JJ.

BARNES, C.J., FOR THE COURT:

¶1. This appeal stems from a premises liability case filed by Cynthia McNair against

J.F.M., Inc., related to a “slip and fall” at a Junior Food Mart convenience store in

Hattiesburg, Mississippi. McNair appeals the trial court’s grant of J.F.M.’s motion to

dismiss her complaint with prejudice because it was not filed within the statute of

limitations. Finding no error, we affirm.

STATEMENT OF FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

¶2. The following facts are the only ones in the scarce record before the Court.1 On

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The record includes twenty-eight pages of court documents and an eight-page
transcript.
November 6, 2014, when McNair was shopping at a Junior Food Mart convenience store

on West 7th Street in Hattiesburg, Mississippi, she slipped on a large puddle of standing

water and fell, injuring her neck and back. McNair filed an initial complaint, which is not

at issue in this appeal, against J.F.M. on October 24, 2017, in the Forrest County Circuit

Court, thirteen days before the three-year statute of limitations expired. Due to improper

service of process, J.F.M. ultimately moved to dismiss the complaint with prejudice.2

¶3. On August 15, 2019, the judge signed an order of dismissal without prejudice due to

McNair’s failure to serve process properly or show good cause why J.F.M. was not served

within 120 days under Mississippi Rule of Civil Procedure 4(h). The order was filed with

the circuit court clerk the next day. McNair’s counsel, however, stated she did not receive

the order until August 26, 2019, via the United States Postal Service.3

¶4. On September 5, 2019, McNair refiled her complaint. On November 5, 2019, J.F.M.

was properly served with process containing the second complaint. On November 27, 2019,

J.F.M. filed a motion to dismiss McNair’s second complaint with prejudice, claiming the

action was barred by the statute of limitations. J.F.M. explained that when McNair filed her

initial complaint on October 24, 2017, there were thirteen days remaining before the three-

2
In a motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(6), “the allegations in the complaint must
be taken as true.” Covington Cnty. Bank v. Magee, 177 So. 3d 826, 828 (¶5) (Miss. 2015).
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The facts and pleadings related to the initial complaint are somewhat relevant to the
issues before the Court, but they are not on appeal. The initial summons, complaint, and
order of dismissal are listed as exhibits to J.F.M.’s motion to dismiss the current action, but
they were not attached to the motion in this Court’s or the circuit court’s record. McNair,
however, admits to the accuracy of these documents, dates, and reason for dismissal of the
initial complaint in her response to the current motion to dismiss.

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year statute of limitations expired; therefore, J.F.M. argued McNair had thirteen days from

August 16, 2019, to refile her complaint before the statute of limitations expired on August

29, 2019. J.F.M. claimed McNair’s second complaint, filed on September 5, 2019, was at

least seven days late. McNair, however, responded that the statute of limitations did not

begin to run again until August 26, 2019, when her counsel received by mail the order

setting aside the first complaint.

¶5. A hearing on the motion was held before Judge Robert Helfrich, a different judge

than the one who heard the proceedings on the initial complaint. In February 2020, Judge

Helfrich agreed with J.F.M., finding the second complaint was not filed within the statute

of limitations and dismissed the second complaint with prejudice. McNair now appeals.

ANALYSIS

¶6. The relevant issue before this Court is whether the statute of limitations ran before

the filing of McNair’s second complaint. McNair, however, does not raise this issue in her

opening brief but instead addresses it in her reply brief in response to J.F.M.’s arguments.

In her opening brief, McNair focuses on issues related to the initial complaint, which is not

before us. Accordingly, we shall discuss the propriety of the dismissal of the second

complaint and then summarily address McNair’s arguments related to the initial complaint.

¶7. This Court’s standard of review is as follows: “The [circuit] court’s grant of a motion

to dismiss based upon the statute of limitations presents a question of law to which this

Court applies de novo review.” Anderson v. R & D Foods Inc., 913 So. 2d 394, 397 (¶7)

(Miss. Ct. App. 2005).

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I. Statute of Limitations

¶8. When McNair filed her initial complaint on October 24, 2017, based on the incident

on November 6, 2014, there were thirteen days left before the statute of limitations expired.

The filing of the complaint tolled the statute of limitations. J.F.M. asserts that at the latest,

the statute of limitations remained tolled until the date the order of dismissal was entered,

or August 16, 2019, and expired thirteen days later on August 29, 2019, before the second

complaint was filed on September 5, 2019. In contrast, McNair argues that the statute of

limitations remained tolled until August 26, 2019, when her counsel received the order of

dismissal, and thus, her second complaint was filed before the statute of limitations expired

on September 9, 2019. Both calculations are incorrect.

¶9. The statute of limitations for a negligence claim in Mississippi is three years. See

Miss. Code Ann. § 15-1-49 (Rev. 2019). “The filing of an action tolls the statute of

limitations until the expiration of the 120-day service period.” Triple C Transport Inc. v.

Dickens, 870 So. 2d 1195, 1199 (¶32) (Miss. 2004) (quoting Watters v. Stripling, 675 So.

2d 1242, 1244 (Miss. 1996)). However, if “the plaintiff fails to serve process on the

defendant within that 120-day period, the statute of limitations automatically begins to run

again when that period expires.” Id. at 1200 (¶34) (quoting Holmes v. Coast Transit Auth.,

815 So. 2d 1183, 1185 (¶7) (Miss. 2002)). “In order to further toll the statute of limitations,

the plaintiff must . . . refile the complaint before the statute of limitations ends, or show good

cause for failing to serve process on the defendant within that 120-day period; otherwise,

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dismissal is proper.”4 Id.

¶10. Under Triple C, Mississippi law is clear that once the initial complaint was filed, the

statute of limitations was tolled for 120 days. However, McNair did not properly serve

J.F.M. with her initial complaint; therefore, the statute of limitations automatically began to

run again after the 120-day period, or February 21, 2018, and expired thirteen days later, on

March 6, 2018. The statute of limitations expired over a year before the trial court dismissed

the first complaint without prejudice on August 16, 2019.

¶11. Neither J.F.M. nor McNair cite authority in support of their respective arguments

regarding the statute of limitations being triggered by the filing or receipt of the order of

dismissal. J.F.M. argued that at the latest, the statute of limitations was tolled until the trial

court entered the order of dismissal on August 16, 2019.5 McNair argued before the trial

court and in her reply brief that the statute of limitations remained tolled until she actually

received a copy of the order of dismissal on August 26, 2019; therefore, McNair maintains

4
The plaintiff’s showing of good cause for failure to serve process within 120 days
relates to the initial complaint and must be made in the initial action. Lewis Entertainment
Inc. v. Brady, 142 So. 3d 396 (Miss. 2014), is instructive. In an interlocutory appeal of a
premises-liability case, the Mississippi Supreme Court reversed the circuit court’s denial of
the defendant’s motion to dismiss for failure to serve timely process. Id. at 397 (¶1). The
plaintiff failed to serve process on the defendant within the 120-day period. Id. at 399 (¶8).
Because the statute of limitations expired one day after the 120-day period ended, refiling
the complaint was not an option. Id. Therefore, the only way for the plaintiff “to keep [the]
case alive was to show good cause for [the] failure to serve timely process” of the complaint
to the defendant. Id.
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At the hearing before the trial court, J.F.M. did cite the proper authority of Watters,
Triple C, and Holmes, regarding the statute of limitations beginning to run automatically.
J.F.M. took the position that “at the latest,” the statute of limitations began to run after the
filing of the order of dismissal. As stated, there was no authority to support the running of
the statute of limitations from either the date of the order’s filing or receipt.

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that the filing of her second complaint on September 5, 2019, was within the thirteen days

remaining in the statute of limitations. However, the date of the order is not applicable;

Mississippi law is clear that the statute of limitations automatically starts to run again after

the expiration of the 120-day period.

¶12. Because McNair did not file her second complaint until September 5, 2019, after the

limitations period expired, the trial court’s dismissal with prejudice was proper.

II. McNair’s Issues Related to the Initial Complaint

¶13. McNair raises two issues in her opening brief, both of which relate to the initial

complaint: whether there was sufficient evidence for the complaint to survive a motion to

dismiss, and whether service of process of the first complaint was made on the proper agent,

which would preclude the complaint’s dismissal. However, the initial complaint is not at

issue here, and no appeal was taken in that action. Further, none of the facts supporting

McNair’s argument are in the record. Accordingly, these issues are not properly before the

Court. Shelton v. Kindred, 279 So. 2d 642, 644 (Miss. 1973).

¶14. Lastly, McNair argues that her second complaint was filed within the 120-day

deadline for service of process and therefore should not have been dismissed. She contends

that the timing for service of process for the initial complaint started the date it was filed,

October 24, 2017; stopped on November 14, 2017, when she served the store employee; and

restarted on August 15, 2019, when the trial court ruled she served the wrong agent. She

thus claims she had ninety-nine days remaining to serve the correct agent with the second

complaint, which she did on November 5, 2019, sixty-one days after it was filed, well within

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the 120-day time-frame.

¶15. McNair’s argument on service of process, however, is misplaced. First, none of the

facts she states regarding service of the first complaint on an incorrect agent are in the

record. Second, the 120-day service-of-process deadline for the initial complaint is not at

issue here; that complaint was dismissed, and no appeal was taken. The relevant issue here

is the expiration of the three-year statute of limitations for the negligence action, which we

have addressed above.

¶16. AFFIRMED.

CARLTON AND WILSON, P.JJ., GREENLEE, WESTBROOKS,
LAWRENCE, SMITH AND EMFINGER, JJ., CONCUR. McDONALD AND
McCARTY, JJ., CONCUR IN PART AND IN THE RESULT WITHOUT
SEPARATE WRITTEN OPINION.

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