COA 373059 PEOPLE OF MI V MISSIERRA MONIQUE JONES Opinion - Per Curiam - Unpublished 4/20/2026

If this opinion indicates that it is “FOR PUBLICATION,” it is subject to
revision until final publication in the Michigan Appeals Reports.
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S T A T E O F M I C H I G A N
C O U R T O F A P P E A L S
PEOPLE OF THE STATE OF MICHIGAN,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
UNPUBLISHED
April 20, 2026
1:51 PM
v No. 373059
Oakland Circuit Court
MISSIERRA MONIQUE JONES, LC No. 2023-285815-FH
Defendant-Appellant.
Before: GADOLA, C.J., and MURRAY and M. J. KELLY, JJ.
PER CURIAM.
Defendant, Missierra Jones, appeals as of right her jury-trial conviction of felonious
assault, MCL 750.82. Because there are no errors warranting reversal, we affirm.
I. BASIC FACTS
On November 23, 2022, Fredericka Shields, who was driving a red Porche, merged onto I-
696. At the time, the road was under construction, so there was only one lane. Someone sounded
their horn as she merged, but Shields kept driving. After approximately one mile, she saw a tan
Equinox rapidly approach her. The Equinox drove in front of her and then slowed down. Shields
responded by swerving around it. The Equinox driver then pulled up alongside the driver’s side
of Shields’s Porsche. Shields testified that the front passenger window of the Equinox was rolled
down and that the driver of the Equinox, a “black woman,” had a gun in her hand. She said that
the woman waved the gun at her and pointed it at her. Shields testified that she feared for her life.
The Equinox then drove away. Shields followed, called 911, and reported the incident and the
license plate of the Equinox. Eventually, she stopped following the Equinox.
That same day Shields was interviewed by a Michigan State Police trooper. She detailed
the incident and advised him of the license plate number of the Equinox. Using that information,
the trooper was eventually able to ascertain Jones’s address. Although Jones did not initially recall
the incident, when the trooper mentioned Shields’s red Porsche, Jones admitted that she was the
driver of the Equinox involved in the incident. She told the trooper that the operator of the Porsche
was driving recklessly, cutting her off and swerving into lanes without signaling. Jones had a
Concealed Pistol License (CPL) and presented the paperwork for her gun to the trooper; however,

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she denied having the gun in her car on the date of the altercation. She told the trooper that she
had sold the Equinox, and the gun was in her new car. The trooper seized the gun from her new
car.
Following trial, Jones was convicted of a single count of felonious assault. This appeal
follows.
II. INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Jones argues that her lawyer provided ineffective assistance by failing to move to suppress
her gun and by failing to object to improper arguments by the prosecution in closing and rebuttal
argument that amounted to prosecutorial misconduct. “When no Ginther1 hearing has been
conducted, our review of the defendant’s claim of ineffective assistance of counsel is limited to
mistakes that are apparent on the record.” People v Mack, 265 Mich App 122, 125; 695 NW2d
342 (2005).
B. ANALYSIS
In order to show that his or her lawyer provided ineffective assistance, the defendant must
establish (1) that the lawyer’s “performance was deficient” and (2) that the “deficient performance
prejudiced the defense.” People v Fyda, 288 Mich App 446, 450; 793 NW2d 712 (2010)
(quotation marks and citation omitted). A lawyer’s “performance was deficient if it fell below an
objective standard of professional reasonableness.” Id. The defense is prejudiced by deficient
performance “if it is reasonably probable that, but for counsel’s error, the result of the proceeding
would have been different.” Id. “Effective assistance of counsel is presumed, and the defendant
bears a heavy burden of proving otherwise.” People v Solmonson, 261 Mich App 657, 663; 683
NW2d 761 (2004). The defendant also bears the burden of establishing the factual predicate for
his or her claim. People v Carbin, 463 Mich 590, 600; 623 NW2d 884 (2001).
1. MOTION TO SUPPRESS
Jones argues that her lawyer provided ineffective assistance by failing to move to suppress
her gun from evidence. The record, however, reflects that Jones’s lawyer moved to suppress the
gun from evidence as soon as it became apparent that the prosecutor intended to admit it into
evidence. Accordingly, there is no factual basis for Jones’s claim that her lawyer’s performance
was deficient for failing to move to suppress the gun.
Further, to the extent that Jones is arguing that her lawyer should have moved to suppress
the gun before trial, we conclude that Jones’s lawyer’s performance was not deficient. Decisions
regarding which motions to file are matters of trial strategy. People v Traylor, 245 Mich App 460,
463; 628 NW2d 120 (2001). This Court will not substitute its judgment for that of the defendant’s
lawyer regarding matters of trial strategy, nor will we assess the defense lawyer’s competence with
1 People v Ginther, 390 Mich 436; 212 NW2d 922 (1973).

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the benefit of hindsight. People v Payne, 285 Mich App 181, 190; 774 NW2d 714 (2009). Here,
after it became apparent at trial that the prosecutor was going to move to admit the gun into
evidence, Jones’s lawyer moved to suppress it, arguing that it had been seized in violation of the
Fourth Amendment’s prohibition of warrantless searches and seizures. Given the detailed nature
of his argument, it is clear that he was familiar with the circumstances surrounding the seizure of
the gun. He also explained that he did not move for suppression earlier because there had been no
indication prior to trial that the prosecutor intended to introduce the gun at trial. On this record,
Jones’s lawyer’s decision to not move to suppress in a pretrial motion did not fall below an
objective standard of reasonableness.
Finally, regardless of the timing of the motion to suppress, Jones cannot demonstrate that,
but for the allegedly deficient performance, the outcome of the trial would have been different.
Here, her statement to the police was admitted into evidence. In her statement, she stated that she
owned a gun and that she sometimes had the gun in her vehicle. At trial, she did not dispute
owning a gun at the time that the altercation occurred. Rather, she argued that it was not in the
vehicle at the time of the altercation. The physical evidence of the gun, therefore, served only to
corroborate her undisputed statement to the police. As such, it is not reasonably probable that the
outcome of the trial would have been different if the gun had been suppressed.2 See Fyda, 288
Mich App at 450.
2. FAILURE TO OBJECT
On appeal, Jones argues that the prosecutor committed misconduct during his closing
argument by stating that Shields was “telling the truth.” She maintains that the argument amounted
to improper vouching for Shields’s credibility. A “prosecutor cannot vouch for the credibility of
his witnesses to the effect that he has some special knowledge concerning a witness’ truthfulness.”
People v Bahoda, 448 Mich 261, 276; 531 NW2d 659 (1995). However, a prosecutor’s statements
are not considered in the context in which they are made, not in isolation. People v Dobek, 274
Mich App 58, 64; 732 NW2d 546 (2007). Here, the prosecutor argued:
What reason would Ms. Shields have to make this up? How did she know that
[Jones] owns a firearm? A small, compact, black firearm. She’s never met her
before. She’s never seen her before. She’s never seen her since until this Court
proceeding. So she just picks up the phone one day and decides to say this person
has a gun, and they pointed it at me during this incident in which we were weaving
in and out of each other. There are too many coincidences. There are too many
stars that would have to align for her to just guess and make that up, because she
didn't make it up, she’s telling the truth. She told you the truth and that’s not me
saying that. The evidence shows that and that’s the circumstantial evidence.
Thus, viewed in context, it is clear that the prosecutor did not claim to have some special
knowledge as to Shields’s truthfulness. Rather, he contended that, consideration of the evidence
2 Given our resolution, we need not address the prosecutor’s alternate argument that a warrantless
search was permissible in this case.

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admitted led to the conclusion that Shields was truthful. That argument, which is based upon the
properly admitted evidence, is not improper. See People v Thomas, 260 Mich App 450, 455; 678
NW2d 631 (2004) (stating that “a prosecutor may comment on his own witnesses’ credibility
during closing argument, especially when there is conflicting evidence and the question of the
defendant’s guilt depends on which witnesses the jury believes.”). And Jones’s lawyer did not
provide ineffective assistance by failing to raise a meritless objection to it. See People v Chelmicki,
305 Mich App 58, 69; 850 NW2d 612 (2014).
Next, Jones argues that the prosecutor committed misconduct during rebuttal argument by
arguing that the way that Jones stored her gun was “not what they teach you at CPL class” and that
Jones was “not a responsible gun owner.” Jones points out that there was no testimony related to
what is taught during a CPL class. It is improper for a prosecutor to argue “a fact to the jury that
is not supported by evidence.” People v Callon, 256 Mich App 312, 330; 662 NW2d 501 (2003).
However, “[o]therwise improper remarks by the prosecutor might not require reversal if they
respond to issues raised by the defense.” Id. In this case, during closing argument, Jones’s lawyer
argued:
Ms. Jones is somebody that we’ve all agreed is a CPL holder. She’s a responsible
citizen. She’s somebody that went through the training and course and paid for a
license, got a weapon registered. She followed the protocol and the laws of our
state. She followed everything that she’s supposed to do . . .
Thus, the prosecutor’s statements indicating that Jones was not in compliance with the storage
requirements for a CPL holder were in response to the defense argument. As such, we conclude
that they do not amount to prosecutorial misconduct and Jones’s lawyer was not ineffective for
failing to object to them. See Chelmicki, 305 Mich App at 69.
III. DUE PROCESS
A. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Jones next argues that her constitutional right to due process was violated because the
police did not promptly investigate the case, which resulted in the loss of Shields’s 911 recording.
Jones did not preserve this objection by raising it in the trial court. See People v Dickinson, 321
Mich App 1, 15; 909 NW2d 24 (2017). Accordingly, our review is for plain error affecting her
substantial rights. See id. “To avoid forfeiture under the plain error rule, three requirements must
be met: 1) error must have occurred, 2) the error was plain, i.e., clear or obvious, 3) and the plain
error affected substantial rights.” People v Carines, 460 Mich 750, 763; 597 NW2d 130 (1999).
B. ANALYSIS
Jones contends that the police conducted an inadequate investigation, which resulted in the
loss of potentially exculpatory evidence in the form of 911 calls. Specifically, she faults the police
for failing to preserve Shields’s 911 call and for failing to investigate whether there were other 911

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calls related to Shields’s erratic driving.3 However, “[f]or due process purposes, there is a crucial
distinction between failing to disclose evidence that has been developed and failing to develop
evidence in the first instance.” People v Anstey, 476 Mich 436, 461; 719 NW2d 579 (2006).
“[T]he police have no constitutional duty to assist a defendant in developing potentially
exculpatory evidence.” Id. Accordingly, in this case, the police had no constitutional duty to
investigate the case so as to assist Jones in obtaining the 911 calls.4
Alternatively, Jones contends that her defense lawyer was ineffective for failing to request
an adverse-inference instruction related to the 911 calls. An adverse-inference instruction permits
the jury to infer that material evidence the prosecution fails to preserve for trial would have favored
the defendant. People v Davis, 199 Mich App 502, 514-515; 503 NW2d 457 (1993), overruled in
part on other grounds People v Grissom, 492 Mich 296; 821 NW2d 50 (2012). However, such an
instruction is only appropriate in cases where the prosecutor acted in bad faith. People v Cress,
250 Mich App 110, 157-158; 645 NW2d 669 (2002), rev’d on other grounds 468 Mich 678 (2003).
Here, there is no evidence of bad faith. Rather, the 911 call recordings were purged after 90 days
as part of a routine policy. That routine destruction is not indicative of bad faith. Thus, under the
circumstances of this case, an adverse-inference instruction would not be warranted, and Jones’s
lawyer was not ineffective for failing to request such an instruction. See People v Riley, 468 Mich
135, 142; 659 NW2d 611 (2003) (“Ineffective assistance of counsel cannot be predicated on the
failure to make a frivolous or meritless motion.”).
IV. SUFFICIENCY OF THE EVIDENCE
A. STANDARDS OF REVIEW
Lastly, Jones argues that there was insufficient evidence to sustain her conviction. “This
Court reviews de novo a defendant’s challenge to the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his or
her conviction.” People v Miller, 326 Mich App 719, 735; 929 NW2d 821 (2019). “In examining
the sufficiency of the evidence, this Court reviews the evidence in a light most favorable to the
prosecutor to determine whether any trier of fact could find the essential elements of the crime
were proven beyond a reasonable doubt.” People v Reese, 491 Mich 127, 139; 815 NW2d 85
(2012) (quotation marks and citation omitted).
3 Jones directs this Court to People v Jordan, 23 Mich App 375; 178 NW2d 659 (1970). Jordan
involved the failure to analyze evidence seized from the defendant during his arrest. Id. at 382.
Jones also cites to Brady v Maryland, 373 US 83; 83 S Ct 1194; 10 L Ed 2d 215 (1963). Brady
involved the suppression of evidence by the prosecution that is favorable to the defense. Id. at 87.
Because no evidence was developed in this case, there was no evidence to improperly suppress
under Brady or to fail to analyze under Jordan. As such, neither case is relevant to determining
whether Jones’s constitutional rights were violated by the police’s allegedly inadequate
investigation.
4 We note also that, although Jones asserts that a more prompt and thorough police investigation
would have led to recordings of exculpatory 911 calls, her position is based on pure conjecture.

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B. ANALYSIS
“To perpetrate a felonious assault, a defendant must commit ‘(1) an assault, (2) with a
dangerous weapon, and (3) with the intent to injure or place the victim in reasonable apprehension
of an immediate battery.’ ” People v Nix, 301 Mich App 195, 205; 836 NW2d 224 (2013), quoting
People v Avant, 235 Mich App 499, 505; 597 NW2d 864 (1999). “An assault may be established
by showing either an attempt to commit a battery or an unlawful act that places another in
reasonable apprehension of receiving an immediate battery.” People v Starks, 473 Mich 227, 234;
701 NW2d 136 (2005). “Battery has been defined as an intentional, unconsented and harmful or
offensive touching of the person of another, or of something closely connected with the person.”
Id. (quotation marks and citation omitted). MCL 750.82 describes a dangerous weapon for the
crime of felonious assault as “a gun, revolver, pistol, knife, iron bar, club, brass knuckles, or other
dangerous weapon . . . .” Here, Shields testified that a black woman in an Equinox pulled up
beside her vehicle with the passenger side window rolled down. The woman waved a gun and
pointed it in her direction. Shields testified that she feared she would be shot. Although Jones
argues that Shields’s testimony was inconsistent and notes that she was convicted of theft and
drug-related crimes, her arguments go toward Shields’s credibility. We “will not interfere with
the trier of fact’s role of determining the weight of the evidence or the credibility of witnesses.”
People v Kanaan, 278 Mich App 594, 619; 751 NW2d 57 (2008). The jury found Shields to be
credible and her testimony was sufficient to establish the elements of felonious assault.
Jones also argues that there is insufficient evidence that she is the person who committed
the felonious assault. Identity is an element of every offense. People v Yost, 278 Mich App 341,
356; 749 NW2d 753 (2008). Shields’s failed to identify Jones in a photographic lineup. However,
at the time of the altercation, Shields called 911 and reported the license plate number of the vehicle
driven by the woman with the gun. Shields repeated that information to the officer who questioned
her regarding the incident. The license plate was registered to Jones. When the police located
Jones at an apartment, they questioned her regarding the incident. During that conversation, Jones
admitted that she had owned an Equinox. She also admitted that she had been involved in a traffic
incident along the stretch of highway with a woman driving a red Porsche. Finally, she admitted
owning a gun at the time of the incident. Finally, Jones’s aunt testified that she was on the phone
with Jones during the altercation. That evidence, although circumstantial, is sufficient to identify
Jones as the woman who pointed a gun at Shields after pulling alongside her vehicle.
On appeal, Jones argues that her admissions to the police were barred by the corpus delicti
rule. She suggests that, without those admissions, there is insufficient evidence of her identity as
the perpetrator. “The corpus delicti rule is designed to prevent the use of a defendant’s confession
to convict him of a crime that did not occur.” People v Konrad, 449 Mich 263, 269; 536 NW2d
517 (1995). Specifically, the rule provides that a defendant’s confession may not be admitted
unless there is direct or circumstantial evidence independent of the confession establishing (1) the
occurrence of the specific injury (for example, death in cases of homicide) and (2) some criminal
agency as the source of the injury.” Id. “However, proof of the identity of the perpetrator of the
act or crime is not a part of the corpus delicti. It is sufficient to show that the crime was committed
by someone.” People v Washington, 514 Mich 583, 605; 22 NW3d 507 (2004) (quotation marks
and citation omitted). The corpus delicti rule is confined to confessions, which contain statements
of guilt, and not admissions of facts. Id. at 605-606.

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Jones’s admissions to the police were not a confession. Rather, she told the police that she
was present at the altercation, stating: (1) she drove the Equinox; (2) was involved in an altercation
with a red Porsche; and (3) possessed a CPL and gun. She expressly denied pointing a gun at
Shields and claimed that she did not have a gun in the car during the altercation. As such, it is
plain that her statements were “merely admissions, which needed other facts to give them
convicting force, and therefore were admissible on the corpus delicti.” Id. at 606 (quotation marks
and citation omitted, emphasis removed).
Affirmed.
/s/ Michael F. Gadola
/s/ Christopher M. Murray
/s/ Michael J. Kelly

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