Jane Doe v. John Doe

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF THE STATE OF IDAHO

Docket No. 52409

In the Matter of: John Doe I, A Child )
Under Eighteen (18) Years of Age. )
JANE DOE, )
) Filed: February 14, 2025
Petitioner-Respondent, )
) Melanie Gagnepain, Clerk
v. )
) THIS IS AN UNPUBLISHED
JOHN DOE (2024-48), ) OPINION AND SHALL NOT
) BE CITED AS AUTHORITY
Respondent-Appellant. )
)

Appeal from the Magistrate Division of the District Court of the Second Judicial
District, State of Idaho, Latah County. Hon. Megan E. Marshall, Magistrate.

Judgment terminating parental rights, affirmed.

McCormick Law Office; Deborah L. McCormick, Moscow, for appellant.

K Miller Law PLLC; Kari Miller, Moscow, for respondent.
________________________________________________

GRATTON, Chief Judge
John Doe (2024-48) appeals from the judgment terminating his parental rights. We affirm.
I.
FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Doe and Jane Doe (Mother) were together from 2011 to 2015 but never married. John Doe
I (Child) was born to Doe and Mother in May 2014. Between August 2014 and January 2015, Doe
had minimal involvement in Child’s life due to his employment and, later, his move to Montana.
In 2016, Doe was arrested in Montana for an incident which occurred sometime in January or
February 2015, at a time when Child was less than one year old. In 2017, Doe pled guilty to sexual
intercourse without consent, involving his biological sister, and was sentenced to twenty-five years
in prison with ten years suspended. Doe has been incarcerated in Montana since 2017, and his
full-term release date is in 2031. Mother has provided for Child with help from Mother’s brother

1
and godmother during Child’s life. With the exception of a few letters, Doe has not had any contact
with Child since his arrest in 2016.
In March 2023, Mother filed a petition for termination. The petition sought termination of
Doe’s parental rights based on incarceration and an inability to discharge parental responsibilities,
pursuant to Idaho Code § 16-2005(d) and (e). The magistrate court found Doe has been
incarcerated and will likely remain incarcerated for a substantial period during Child’s minority.
The magistrate court also found Doe is unable to discharge his parental responsibilities for a
prolonged period and termination is in Child’s best interests. Doe appeals.
II.
STANDARD OF REVIEW
A parent has a fundamental liberty interest in maintaining a relationship with his or her
child. Troxel v. Granville, 530 U.S. 57, 65 (2000); Doe v. State, 137 Idaho 758, 760, 53 P.3d 341,
343 (2002). This interest is protected by the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States
Constitution. State v. Doe, 144 Idaho 839, 842, 172 P.3d 1114, 1117 (2007). Implicit in the
Termination of Parent and Child Relationship Act is the philosophy that, wherever possible, family
life should be strengthened and preserved. I.C. § 16-2001(2). Therefore, the requisites of due
process must be met when terminating the parent-child relationship. State v. Doe, 143 Idaho 383,
386, 146 P.3d 649, 652 (2006). Due process requires that the grounds for terminating a parent-
child relationship be proved by clear and convincing evidence. Id. Because a fundamental liberty
interest is at stake, the United States Supreme Court has determined that a court may terminate a
parent-child relationship only if that decision is supported by clear and convincing evidence.
Santosky v. Kramer, 455 U.S. 745, 769 (1982); see also I.C. § 16-2009; In re Doe, 146 Idaho 759,
761-62, 203 P.3d 689, 691-92 (2009); Doe, 143 Idaho at 386, 146 P.3d at 652.
On appeal from a decision terminating parental rights, this Court examines whether the
decision is supported by substantial and competent evidence, which means such evidence as a
reasonable mind might accept as adequate to support a conclusion. Doe v. Doe, 148 Idaho 243,
245-46, 220 P.3d 1062, 1064-65 (2009). The appellate court will indulge all reasonable inferences
in support of the trial court’s judgment when reviewing an order that parental rights be terminated.
Id. The Idaho Supreme Court has also said that the substantial evidence test requires a greater
quantum of evidence in cases where the trial court’s finding must be supported by clear and
convincing evidence than in cases where a mere preponderance is required. In re Doe, 143 Idaho

2
343, 346, 144 P.3d 597, 600 (2006). Clear and convincing evidence is generally understood to be
evidence indicating that the thing to be proved is highly probable or reasonably certain. In re Doe,
143 Idaho 188, 191, 141 P.3d 1057, 1060 (2006). Further, the magistrate’s decision must be
supported by objectively supportable grounds. Doe, 143 Idaho at 346, 144 P.3d at 600.
Idaho Code § 16-2005 permits a party to petition the court for termination of the parent-
child relationship when it is in the child’s best interest and any one of the following five factors
exist: (a) abandonment; (b) neglect or abuse; (c) lack of a biological relationship between the child
and a presumptive parent; (d) the parent is unable to discharge parental responsibilities for a
prolonged period that will be injurious to the health, morals, or well-being of the child; or (e) the
parent is incarcerated and will remain incarcerated for a substantial period of time. Each statutory
ground is an independent basis for termination. Doe, 144 Idaho at 842, 172 P.3d at 1117.
Once a statutory ground for termination has been established, the trial court must then
determine whether it is in the best interests of the child to terminate the parental relationship.
Matter of Aragon, 120 Idaho 606, 611, 818 P.2d 310, 315 (1991).
III.
ANALYSIS
Doe claims the magistrate court’s findings that Doe will be incarcerated for a substantial
period of Child’s minority, and that Doe is unable to discharge parental duties are not supported
by substantial and competent evidence in the record. Doe contends the district court misstated and
omitted relevant evidence.
A. Waiver
Doe’s brief fails to comply with Idaho Appellate Rule 35(a)(6), which states: “The
argument shall contain the contentions of the appellant with respect to the issue presented on
appeal, the reasons therefor, with citations to the authorities, statutes and parts of the transcript and
record relied upon.” The Idaho Supreme Court held that it relies solely on the parties to ground
their appeals in relevant argument and authority. Dorr v. Idaho Dep’t of Labor, 171 Idaho 306,
309, 520 P.3d 1266, 1269 (2022). When an appellant fails to provide argument and authority in
support of issues presented on appeal within the argument section of the appellant’s brief, the
appellate court cannot consider those issues. Matter of Doe I, 165 Idaho 33, 41-42, 437 P.3d 33,
41-42 (2019) (holding “Father failed to provide argument and authority for this issue; thus, it
cannot be considered by this Court.”). In Wood v. Idaho Transp. Dep’t, 172 Idaho 300, 532 P.3d

3
404 (2023), the Idaho Supreme Court held that assignments of error that are not argued and
supported in compliance with Rule 35(a)(6) are “deemed to be waived.” Wood, 172 Idaho at 307,
532 P.3d at 411.
Here, Doe’s brief provides some relevant authority and argument. However, as to the
substantive argument portions of the brief, Doe does not provide a single citation to evidence in
the record. This Court will not search the record on appeal for the necessary citations or arguments.
Dickenson v. Benewah Cnty. Sheriff, 172 Idaho 144, 150, 530 P.3d 691, 697 (2023). Because
Doe’s brief contains no citation to the record, he has waived his claims on appeal.
B. Termination
Even if we address the merits of Doe’s arguments, his claims fail. The magistrate court’s
findings on the statutory grounds for termination are supported by substantial and competent
evidence in the record.
A court may grant an order terminating parental rights if the parent has been incarcerated
and is likely to remain incarcerated for a substantial period during the child’s minority. I.C. § 16-
2005(1)(e). Factors that courts may consider in making the determination include the age of the
child, the relationship between the parent and the child, and the likely period the parent will remain
incarcerated. Idaho Dep’t of Health and Welfare v. Doe, 161 Idaho 596, 603, 389 P.3d 141, 148
(2016). The magistrate court considered: Child’s current age and Child’s age at which Doe will
likely be released from prison (seventeen years old); the nature of Doe’s relationship with Child
(approximately four visits with Child after Doe moved to Montana); and the period Doe will likely
be incarcerated, including the likelihood of early parole. The magistrate court’s finding that Doe
will likely be incarcerated for six more years was based on substantial evidence. This evidence
included statements of the parole board, which considered the nature and severity of the crime as
well as Doe’s need for additional treatment for chemical dependency. The fact that Child will be
seventeen years old upon Doe’s release further supports that this period of incarceration will be
for a substantial period during Child’s minority.
Doe contends that the magistrate court ignored or misstated evidence regarding:
(1) whether Doe left for Montana when Child was three versus eight months old; (2) the amount
of financial contribution from Doe; (3) his efforts at contacts with Child; and (4) Mother’s
interference in Doe’s relationship with Child. Each of these factual issues was the subject of
conflicting testimony and were considered and addressed by the magistrate court. The magistrate

4
court considered the appropriate factors in evaluating whether Doe is likely to be incarcerated for
a substantial period during Child’s minority. It properly analyzed the expected duration of future
incarceration, and its findings are supported by substantial evidence. Because one statutory ground
for termination is satisfied, we need not address Doe’s argument that the magistrate court erred in
finding Doe unable to discharge his parental duties. See I.C. § 16-2005(1)(d). However, the
magistrate court correctly found that Doe is unable to discharge his parental duties based on several
factors, including: (1) It is unclear where Doe will be living after his release; (2) Doe is not allowed
around minor children without approved supervision; (3) Doe has no support from his immediate
family; and (4) the facts and circumstances surrounding Doe’s criminal conduct are injurious to
Child’s health and morals.
C. Best Interests
After finding a statutory ground, a court must then decide if termination of parental rights
is in the best interests of the child. Roe v. Doe, 142 Idaho 174, 179, 125 P.3d 530, 535 (2005);
see I.C. § 16-2005(1). Doe fails to challenge the magistrate court’s best interests determination in
his brief. That finding of the magistrate court is affirmed.
IV.
CONCLUSION
Doe has failed to properly present his issues on appeal and, even if considered, his
arguments fail. Consequently, Doe failed to show the magistrate court erred in its decision to
terminate his parental rights. The magistrate court’s judgment terminating Doe’s parental rights
is affirmed.
Judge HUSKEY and Judge LORELLO CONCUR.

5