In the Interest of T.W. and J.W., Minor Children

IN THE COURT OF APPEALS OF IOWA

No. 18-2217
Filed March 20, 2019

IN THE INTEREST OF T.W. and J.W.,
Minor Children,

S.B., Mother,
Appellant,

J.W., Father,
Appellant.
________________________________________________________________

Appeal from the Iowa District Court for Linn County, Susan F. Flaherty,

Associate Juvenile Judge.

A mother and a father separately appeal from the termination of their

parental rights. AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.

Jeannine L. Roberts, Cedar Rapids, for appellant mother.

Mark D. Fisher of Nidey Erdahl Fisher Pilkington & Meier, PLC, Cedar

Rapids, for appellant father.

Thomas J. Miller, Attorney General, for Kathryn K. Lang, Assistant Attorney

General, for appellee State.

Kimberly A. Opatz of Linn County Advocate, Cedar Rapids, guardian ad

litem for minor children.

Considered by Potterfield, P.J., Tabor, J., and Gamble, S.J.*

*Senior judge assigned by order pursuant to Iowa Code section 602.9206 (2019).
2

GAMBLE, Senior Judge.

A father and a mother separately appeal from the termination of their

parental rights to T.W., born in February 2013, and J.W., born in February 2015

one-and-a-half months prematurely. In a well-documented and detailed order,

including findings that the father and mother lacked credibility, the juvenile court

terminated parental rights pursuant to Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) (2018) (as

to T.W.), (g) (as to both children), and (h) (as to J.W.).1

On appeal, the mother argues the State failed to make reasonable efforts

to reunify her with her children. She acknowledges a long struggle with sobriety

but asserts she should be granted an additional six months in light of her ninety-

day sobriety and recent re-engagement with services. The father contends the

children could be returned to his care at present and that termination is not in the

children’s best interests. He also argues the court erred in considering anonymous

hearsay statements made to an investigator and in denying him a new trial.

On our de novo review, see In re A.S., 906 N.W.2d 467, 472 (Iowa 2018),

we find clear and convincing evidence supports termination of both parents’ rights,

1
Under subparagraphs “f” and “h,” a court may terminate parental rights if a child of an
enumerated age has been adjudicated a child in need of assistance (CINA), has been out
of parental custody for the requisite statutory period, and there is clear and convincing
evidence that the child cannot be returned to the parent at the present time. Iowa Code §
232.116(1)(f)(4), .116(1)(h)(4).
Under subparagraph “g,” the court may terminate parental rights if a child has been
adjudicated CINA, “[t]he court has terminated parental rights pursuant to section 232.117
with respect to another child who is a member of the same family,” “[t]here is clear and
convincing evidence that the parent continues to lack the ability or willingness to respond
to services which would correct the situation,” and “[t]here is clear and convincing
evidence that an additional period of rehabilitation would not correct the situation.” Id.
§ 232.116(1)(g).
3

and termination and adoption will best provide the children with much needed

permanence. We therefore affirm.

We will not reiterate the lengthy history of these proceedings—the juvenile

court has done so. Suffice it to say, the mother has a lengthy criminal history; has

been diagnosed with bipolar, anxiety, and attention-deficit disorders; and has a

significant history of substance abuse. She has had nine children, none of whom

are in her care. She has been involved with the department of human services

(DHS) for many years. The father has seven children, none of whom are in his

care. He has a lengthy history of domestic violence—involving the mother and

other partners. He, too, has been known to DHS for many years. Numerous child-

abuse assessments involve these two parents.

The mother and father have had four children together. Their rights to two

older children were terminated in January 2012 due to the mother not following

through with substance-abuse treatment, the father’s untreated anger issues, and

dishonesty by both parents impeding the service provider’s efforts.

The parents’ third child, T.W., was adjudicated a CINA on April 10, 2013,

and J.W. was adjudicated a CINA on June 26, 2015.

A trial home placement with the father began in April 2016. On January 31,

2017, it was reported to the juvenile court that the father was granted sole custody

of both children by the district court exercising concurrent jurisdiction. The father

had been living with the paternal grandmother but moved out and was living on his

own with the children in a mobile home. It appeared the CINA proceedings were

nearing closure.
4

Then, DHS received a report related to another ongoing client, Courtney,

who reported she was living with the father. Her mail was being delivered to the

father’s address. Courtney was known to be a user of methamphetamine. At a

review hearing, the court ordered T.W. and J.W. to undergo drug testing and both

children tested positive for methamphetamine and cocaine. A July 2017 child-

abuse assessment was founded as to Courtney being the person responsible for

the presence of drugs in the children’s systems. The father submitted a urine

sample, which was negative for illegal substances. He refused to wear a sweat

patch. The children were removed from the father’s care on July 26, 2017. He

was ordered to have no contact with Courtney. The children were placed in foster

care and later in the care of the paternal grandmother.

The mother was in jail in July 2017 and remained in jail until March 2018.

While in jail, she refused any visits with the children. Upon her release in March

she sought to have visits resumed. She had not engaged in services with DHS for

over a year.

After the July 2017 removal, the father’s visits progressed to semi-

supervised and, in November 2017, overnights. However, he then left the state in

December to work in Florida. He did not return to Iowa or see the children until

February 2018.2 Despite insisting he had no relationship with Courtney, the father

stated that he called Courtney for a ride upon his return to Iowa. Police stopped

to check on a car pulled to the side of the road and found Courtney on the ground

crying and the father standing outside the car yelling at her. Courtney was under

2
The father returned to Iowa to attend his trial on pending charges of assault against two
women.
5

the influence of methamphetamine and syringes were found in the vehicle.

Courtney had a large sum of money on her, which she stated the father had wired

her to pay the rent.

The children’s hair was again tested in March 2018. J.W. tested positive

for exposure to amphetamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine. T.W. tested

positive for exposure to amphetamine, methamphetamine, cocaine, and

cannabinoids.3 T.W. also tested positive for ingestion of cocaine. The father was

subsequently ordered to submit to drug testing. Urinalysis screens on March 19

and April 4 were negative. A sweat patch removed on April 4 was negative.

However, sweat patches removed on April 18 and 30 were positive for

methamphetamine. The April 30 patch was also positive for cocaine.

A termination-of-parental-rights trial was held on September 7 and 18 and

October 8 and 9, 2018. The parties stipulated the first three elements for

termination were satisfied under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(f) (as to T.W.) and

232.116(1)(h) (as to J.W.). They also stipulated the parents had previously had

their parental rights terminated with respect to two of these children’s siblings,

satisfying the first two elements of section 232.116(1)(g). The court noted both

parents “used words and body language to express hostility at various points

during the hearings.” The State withdrew calling Courtney as a witness because

the parents intimidated Courtney in the lobby of the courthouse in the presence of

courthouse security deputies.

3
The child’s paternal grandmother was providing care for the children. Her paramour
admitted he smoked marijuana around the children.
6

Mother’s appeal. At trial, the mother was asked if the children could be

returned to her at present and she replied, “Absolutely not.” Thus, there is clear

and convincing evidence supporting the termination of the mother’s parental rights

under section 232.116(1)(f) and (h). We reject her claim that the State has failed

to make reasonable efforts toward reunification. Any short-term delays at

reinstituting visitation upon her release from one of her jail stints is of minimal

impact in light of the circumstances. Like the juvenile court, we find the DHS

fulfilled its statutory duty to offer a reasonable array of services aimed at moving

the family toward reunification. See In re C.B., 611 N.W.2d 489, 493 (Iowa 2000).

Nor do we find an additional extension of time here is warranted. We adopt

the juvenile court’s findings:

The [numerous] offered services have not resulted in the level of
sustained progress needed for [the mother] to be able to safely
assume and maintain care of [the children]. [The mother] has been
unable to demonstrate that she has made the changes necessary to
safely assume care of her children. The court finds that further offer
of services to assist in returning the children to their mother is more
detrimental to the children and their need for permanency than
termination of their mother’s parental rights.

Father’s appeal. The father maintains he does not use drugs and has no

explanation for why he or the children tested positive. The father had an

independent hair-sample test conducted in August 2018, which was negative for

any illegal substances. We agree with the juvenile court that because the father

was in charge of the timing of the August test, it is of little value. We also note the

father had another independent test done earlier, the results of which he did not

share with the court.
7

The father also objected to claims that he had a history of domestic

violence, noting he had no domestic-violence criminal convictions on his record.

He acknowledged, however, he was recently convicted of two counts of assault.

Those charges were related to the father assaulting and injuring two women in a

parking lot when the children were present with him.

The DHS social worker and case manager, Erica McAdoo, testified that the

father’s positive drug screens in 2018 were “a very big shock” because “there were

no behavioral indicators that he had been using.” She testified the father was

consistently employed and had stable housing and “we didn’t have any concerns.”

He had no history of substance abuse. However, she did express concern about

the father’s continued anger-control issues, noting the recent assault charges and

the incident involving Courtney in the courthouse. McAdoo testified she could not

recommend the children returned to him because:

He has minimized his relationship with Courtney throughout this
case. He has minimized the children testing positive for illegal
substances and how that could happen. He doesn’t communicate
with myself, for sure. It depends on who the provider is if he is open
and willing to speak with them. So there is still those concerns, and
concerns of domestic violence, two positive patches with no
explanation for how those happened.

McAdoo testified the children were five and three years of age; the case

had been open for more than five years; and the same concerns remain, that is,

“domestic violence, substance abuse, [and] the children being around unapproved

people that were not appropriate for them to be around.” She did not believe an

additional period of services was warranted.
8

We find the children cannot be returned to the father at present due to

unresolved anger-management issues and inability to provide the children with a

safe environment. Again, we adopt the juvenile court’s findings:

[The father] has a history of domestic violence with multiple domestic
partners. Although [the father] denies that this is the case, a review
of the documents and prior findings by this court establish that his
denial is not credible. There are multiple reports of child abuse with
[the father] as the perpetrator which are founded based upon [the
father]’s assaultive acts in the presence of children in his care and,
most recently, for exposing his children to illegal substances. [The
father] has been repeatedly dishonest with the [DHS], the service
providers[,] and this court. His dishonesty makes it impossible to
develop a reliable protective services plan which would allow the
children to be safe in his care while he continues to address his
issues.

We find no abuse of the juvenile court’s discretion in allowing the

investigator’s testimony. See In re N.N.E., 752 N.W.2d 1, 6 (Iowa 2008)

(“Evidentiary rulings and rulings on motions are generally reviewed for abuse of

discretion.”). The court stated it would give the testimony the weight it deserved,

and the court made no mention of it. See also In re E.J.R., 400 N.W.2d 531, 533

(Iowa 1987) (noting hearsay is admissible in termination proceedings). Further,

the hearsay testimony of the investigator was cumulative of other evidence,

including the investigator’s personal observations. We find no merit to the father’s

claim that his confrontation rights were violated. See In re D.J.R., 454 N.W.2d

838, 846 (Iowa 1990) (“By its terms, the sixth amendment applies only to criminal

cases.”).

Finally, the father failed to preserve error concerning his appearance in

handcuffs following an arrest during the trial. As the juvenile court noted, he did

not object at the time, which denied the court an opportunity to address his
9

situation. See Segura v. State, 889 N.W.2d 215, 219 (Iowa 2017) (discussing the

importance of objecting in a timely manner “to ensure that the opposing party and

the district court are alerted to an issue at a time when corrective action can be

taken or another alternative pursued” (citation omitted)). Further, we are not

convinced his restricted ability to write notes during the trial deprived him of a fair

trial.

The parents contend the children could be returned home with additional

time and services under Iowa Code section 232.116(1)(g)(3). We disagree. These

two children have been under the supervision of the juvenile court for most of their

young lives. They deserve permanency and should not have to continue to wait

longer for safe parenting. Termination of the mother’s and the father’s parental

rights is in their best interests so that they can be adopted.

AFFIRMED ON BOTH APPEALS.