Hasegawa v. Fang

NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

Electronically Filed
Intermediate Court of Appeals
CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
01-JUN-2026
07:55 AM
Dkt. 126 ODMR

NOS. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX, CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
AND CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS
OF THE STATE OF HAWAI‘I

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
NAOMI HASEGAWA; ATSUSHI MORITA; KASUMI ISHIDA;
TATSUTO EHARA; MAKOTO ISHIDA; HUN-DONG YU; TAO JIANG;
WEI JIANG; XIUJUAN LI; SONGHUA ZHANG; YIHAO XU; RUIGANG TAN,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
and
YANLI XU; LILI WU; CHUANJIAO YU; TIANGE YANG;
XIAOMIN HUANG; PINMEI WANG; XIAOHUI WU; YUYANG JING;
LI WANG; DONG ZHANG; KE YUAN; WEI WANG; JING LIU,
Nominal Plaintiffs,
v.
ZHONG FANG AKA JOHNSON FANG; MIN HU AKA MICHELLE HU;
ZHE FANG AKA JAY FANG; YUJIA WANG AKA JIAJIA WANG;
LAMEI FANG; USA REALTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP INC.; CALIFORNIA
INVESTMENT REGIONAL CENTER LLC; CALIFORNIA REGIONAL CENTER LLC;
AMERICAN INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION FUND; WUHAN WESTERN U.S.
INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION CONSULTANT INC; HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP; LOS ANGELES CITY PLAZA LP; LA VALLEY
GARDEN PLAZA LP; 9920 VALLEY BLVD LP; HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LLC,
Defendants-Appellees,
and
DAVID R. SQUERI; SOL V. YI; GREATER PACIFIC LAW OFFICE LLLC,
Third-Party Plaintiffs/
Third-Party Counterclaim Defendants-Appellees,
v.
WEN SHENG GAO; LAW OFFICE OF WEN SHENG GAO LIMITED LIABILITY LAW
COMPANY, Third-Party Defendants/
Third-Party Counterclaimants-Appellants,
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

and
JUNSUKE AARON OTSUKA; OTSUKA & ASSOCIATES, A LIMITED LIABILITY
LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; DOE PARTNERSHIPS 1-10;
DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10; DOE ENTITIES 1-10; DOE GOVERNMENTAL
UNITS 1-10, Defendants,
and
DOE THIRD-PARTY DEFENDANTS 1-100, Third-Party Defendants

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
YANLI XU; NAOMI HASEGAWA; ATSUSHI MORITA; KASUMI ISHIDA;
TATSUTO EHARA; MAKOTO ISHIDA; HUN-DONG YU; LILI WU; TAO JIANG;
CHUANJIAO YU; TIANGE YANG; XIAOMIN HUANG; PINMEI WANG;
XIAOHUI WU; YUYANG JING; LI WANG; DONG ZHANG; KE YUAN;
WEI JIANG; XIUJUAN LI; SONGHUA ZHANG; YIHAO XU; WEI WANG;
RUIGANG TAN; JING LIU, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
ZHONG FANG AKA JOHNSON FANG; MIN HU AKA MICHELLE HU; ZHE FANG
AKA JAY FANG; YUJIA WANG AKA JIAJIA WANG; LAMEI FANG;
USA REALTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP INC.; CALIFORNIA INVESTMENT
REGIONAL CENTER LLC; CALIFORNIA REGIONAL CENTER LLC;
AMERICAN INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION FUND; WUHAN WESTERN U.S.
INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION CONSULTANT INC; HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP; LOS ANGELES CITY PLAZA LP;
LA VALLEY GARDEN PLAZA LP; 9920 VALLEY BLVD LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LLC, Defendants-Appellants,
and
DAVID R. SQUERI; SOL V. YI; GREATER PACIFIC LAW OFFICE LLLC,
Third-Party Plaintiffs/Third-Party Counterclaim Defendants-
Appellees
v.
WEN SHENG GAO; LAW OFFICE OF WEN SHENG GAO
LIMITED LIABILITY LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Defendants/Third-
Party Counterclaimants-Appellees,
and
JUNSUKE AARON OTSUKA; OTSUKA & ASSOCIATES, A LIMITED LIABILITY
LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; DOE PARTNERSHIPS 1-10;
DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10; DOE ENTITIES 1-10;
DOE GOVERNMENTAL UNITS 1-10, Defendants,
and
Doe Third-Party Defendants-1-100, Third-Party Defendants

2
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
NAOMI HASEGAWA; ATSUSHI MORITA; KASUMI ISHIDA;
TATSUTO EHARA; MAKOTO ISHIDA; HUN-DONG YU; TAO JIANG;
WEI JIANG; XIUJUAN LI; SONGHUA ZHANG; YIHAO XU; RUIGANG TAN,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
and
YANLI XU; LILI WU; CHUANJIAO YU; TIANGE YANG;
XIAOMIN HUANG; PINMEI WANG; XIAOHUI WU; YUYANG JING;
LI WANG; DONG ZHANG; KE YUAN; WEI WANG; JING LIU,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
ZHONG FANG AKA JOHNSON FANG; MIN HU AKA MICHELLE HU;
ZHE FANG AKA JAY FANG; YUJIA WANG AKA JIAJIA WANG;
LAMEI FANG; USA REALTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP INC.; CALIFORNIA
INVESTMENT REGIONAL CENTER LLC; CALIFORNIA REGIONAL CENTER LLC;
AMERICAN INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION FUND; WUHAN WESTERN U.S.
INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION CONSULTANT INC; HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP; LOS ANGELES CITY PLAZA LP; LA VALLEY
GARDEN PLAZA LP; 9920 VALLEY BLVD LP; HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LLC,
Defendants-Appellees,
and
DAVID R. SQUERI; SOL V. YI; GREATER PACIFIC LAW OFFICE LLLC,
Third-Party Plaintiffs/
Third-Party Counterclaim Defendants-Appellees,
v.
WEN SHENG GAO; LAW OFFICE OF WEN SHENG GAO LIMITED LIABILITY LAW
COMPANY, Third-Party Defendants/
Third-Party Counterclaimants-Appellants,
and
JUNSUKE AARON OTSUKA; OTSUKA & ASSOCIATES, A LIMITED LIABILITY
LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; DOE PARTNERSHIPS 1-10;
DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10; DOE ENTITIES 1-10; DOE GOVERNMENTAL
UNITS 1-10, Defendants,
and
Doe Third-Party Defendants 1-100, Third-Party Defendants

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT
(CIVIL NO. 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX, Consolidated with
1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX and 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX)

3
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP
AND HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP'S MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION
(By: Nakasone, Chief Judge, Leonard and Wadsworth, JJ.)

Upon consideration of Defendants Hawaii City Plaza LP
and Hawaii Ocean Plaza LP's (Project Defendants) May 19, 2026
Motion for Reconsideration As To CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX Case (Motion),
the May 21, 2026 Joinder in Defendants-Appellants Hawaii City
Plaza LP and Hawaii Ocean Plaza LP's Motion for Reconsideration
As to CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX Case (Joinder)1 filed by self-represented
Defendants Zhong Fang aka Johnson Fang, Min Hu aka Michelle Hu,
Zhe Fang aka Jay Fang and Yujia Wang aka Jiajia Wang (Individual
Defendants), the papers in support and the record, it appears
that Project Defendants and Individual Defendants request that
we (1) take judicial notice of the lawsuit pending in the
Circuit Court of the First Circuit, Min Yan v. Zhong Fang, et.
al., Civil No. 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX, (2) vacate the portion of our
May 11, 2026 memorandum opinion affirming the Circuit Court of
the First Circuit's November 8, 2023 Amended Order Enforcing
Settlement2, and (3) remand for an evidentiary hearing on
whether Plaintiffs breached Section III.Q and/or Section III.I
of the parties' Settlement Agreement. The Project Defendants

1 The parties are reminded that pursuant to this court's March 5,
2025 Order consolidating CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX, CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX and CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
under CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX the parties shall file all documents related to these
appeals in case number CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX. Noncompliance may result in the
court striking duplicative or noncompliant filings.

2 The November 8, 2023 Amended Order Enforcing Settlement was
entered as Circuit Court docket entry number 1731 and is titled, "Amended
Order (1) Denying the Motion to Set Aside Settlement Agreement and Lift Stay
of Litigation Proceedings, Filed August 2, 2023 (Dkt. No. 1541); (2) Granting
in Part, Denying in Part the Counter-motion to the Dkt. No. 1541 Motion
(A) to Enforce the Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release as Dkt. No. 1234,
and or, (B) Motion for Accounting, Filed August 17, 2023 (Dkt. Nos. 1548-
1556); and (3) Granting O'Connor Playdon Guben & Inouye Plaintiffs' Motion to
Enforce Settlement Agreement, Filed October 13, 2023 (Dkt. No. 1674)".

4
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

contend that "this new filing", Civil No. 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX,
"constitutes strong additional evidence of a material breach of
Sections III.Q and III. I. of the Settlement Agreement- the non-
solicitation clause and confidential clause applicable to
plaintiffs' counsel."
Hawai‘i Revised Statutes (HRS) § 641-2(b)(2016)
provides that "[e]very appeal shall be taken on the record, and
no new evidence shall be introduced in the [appellate] court."
See Wilmington Sav. Fund Soc'y FSB v. Domingo, Nos. SCWC-18-
0000099, SCW-XX-XXXXXXX, 2023 WL 2017392, at *6 (Haw. Feb. 15,
2023)(mem.op.) ("The plain language of HRS § 641-2(b) prohibits
an appellate court from accepting and considering new
evidence."). The appellate court cannot "consider matters
outside the record which could not have been considered by the
trial court at the time its judgment was rendered." Casumpang
v. ILWU Local 142, 108 Hawai‘i 411, 420, 121 P.3d 391, 400 (2005)
(cleaned up).
Therefore, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Motion and
the Joinder are denied.
DATED: Honolulu, Hawai‘i, June 1, 2026.

/s/ Karen T. Nakasone
Chief Judge

/s/ Katherine G. Leonard
Associate Judge

/s/ Clyde J. Wadsworth
Associate Judge

5

NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

Electronically Filed
Intermediate Court of Appeals
CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
01-JUN-2026
07:55 AM
Dkt. 126 ODMR

NOS. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX, CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
AND CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX

IN THE INTERMEDIATE COURT OF APPEALS
OF THE STATE OF HAWAI‘I

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
NAOMI HASEGAWA; ATSUSHI MORITA; KASUMI ISHIDA;
TATSUTO EHARA; MAKOTO ISHIDA; HUN-DONG YU; TAO JIANG;
WEI JIANG; XIUJUAN LI; SONGHUA ZHANG; YIHAO XU; RUIGANG TAN,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
and
YANLI XU; LILI WU; CHUANJIAO YU; TIANGE YANG;
XIAOMIN HUANG; PINMEI WANG; XIAOHUI WU; YUYANG JING;
LI WANG; DONG ZHANG; KE YUAN; WEI WANG; JING LIU,
Nominal Plaintiffs,
v.
ZHONG FANG AKA JOHNSON FANG; MIN HU AKA MICHELLE HU;
ZHE FANG AKA JAY FANG; YUJIA WANG AKA JIAJIA WANG;
LAMEI FANG; USA REALTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP INC.; CALIFORNIA
INVESTMENT REGIONAL CENTER LLC; CALIFORNIA REGIONAL CENTER LLC;
AMERICAN INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION FUND; WUHAN WESTERN U.S.
INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION CONSULTANT INC; HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP; LOS ANGELES CITY PLAZA LP; LA VALLEY
GARDEN PLAZA LP; 9920 VALLEY BLVD LP; HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LLC,
Defendants-Appellees,
and
DAVID R. SQUERI; SOL V. YI; GREATER PACIFIC LAW OFFICE LLLC,
Third-Party Plaintiffs/
Third-Party Counterclaim Defendants-Appellees,
v.
WEN SHENG GAO; LAW OFFICE OF WEN SHENG GAO LIMITED LIABILITY LAW
COMPANY, Third-Party Defendants/
Third-Party Counterclaimants-Appellants,
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

and
JUNSUKE AARON OTSUKA; OTSUKA & ASSOCIATES, A LIMITED LIABILITY
LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; DOE PARTNERSHIPS 1-10;
DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10; DOE ENTITIES 1-10; DOE GOVERNMENTAL
UNITS 1-10, Defendants,
and
DOE THIRD-PARTY DEFENDANTS 1-100, Third-Party Defendants

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
YANLI XU; NAOMI HASEGAWA; ATSUSHI MORITA; KASUMI ISHIDA;
TATSUTO EHARA; MAKOTO ISHIDA; HUN-DONG YU; LILI WU; TAO JIANG;
CHUANJIAO YU; TIANGE YANG; XIAOMIN HUANG; PINMEI WANG;
XIAOHUI WU; YUYANG JING; LI WANG; DONG ZHANG; KE YUAN;
WEI JIANG; XIUJUAN LI; SONGHUA ZHANG; YIHAO XU; WEI WANG;
RUIGANG TAN; JING LIU, Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
ZHONG FANG AKA JOHNSON FANG; MIN HU AKA MICHELLE HU; ZHE FANG
AKA JAY FANG; YUJIA WANG AKA JIAJIA WANG; LAMEI FANG;
USA REALTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP INC.; CALIFORNIA INVESTMENT
REGIONAL CENTER LLC; CALIFORNIA REGIONAL CENTER LLC;
AMERICAN INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION FUND; WUHAN WESTERN U.S.
INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION CONSULTANT INC; HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP; LOS ANGELES CITY PLAZA LP;
LA VALLEY GARDEN PLAZA LP; 9920 VALLEY BLVD LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LLC, Defendants-Appellants,
and
DAVID R. SQUERI; SOL V. YI; GREATER PACIFIC LAW OFFICE LLLC,
Third-Party Plaintiffs/Third-Party Counterclaim Defendants-
Appellees
v.
WEN SHENG GAO; LAW OFFICE OF WEN SHENG GAO
LIMITED LIABILITY LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Defendants/Third-
Party Counterclaimants-Appellees,
and
JUNSUKE AARON OTSUKA; OTSUKA & ASSOCIATES, A LIMITED LIABILITY
LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; DOE PARTNERSHIPS 1-10;
DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10; DOE ENTITIES 1-10;
DOE GOVERNMENTAL UNITS 1-10, Defendants,
and
Doe Third-Party Defendants-1-100, Third-Party Defendants

2
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

NO. CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
NAOMI HASEGAWA; ATSUSHI MORITA; KASUMI ISHIDA;
TATSUTO EHARA; MAKOTO ISHIDA; HUN-DONG YU; TAO JIANG;
WEI JIANG; XIUJUAN LI; SONGHUA ZHANG; YIHAO XU; RUIGANG TAN,
Plaintiffs-Appellants,
and
YANLI XU; LILI WU; CHUANJIAO YU; TIANGE YANG;
XIAOMIN HUANG; PINMEI WANG; XIAOHUI WU; YUYANG JING;
LI WANG; DONG ZHANG; KE YUAN; WEI WANG; JING LIU,
Plaintiffs-Appellees,
v.
ZHONG FANG AKA JOHNSON FANG; MIN HU AKA MICHELLE HU;
ZHE FANG AKA JAY FANG; YUJIA WANG AKA JIAJIA WANG;
LAMEI FANG; USA REALTY CONSTRUCTION GROUP INC.; CALIFORNIA
INVESTMENT REGIONAL CENTER LLC; CALIFORNIA REGIONAL CENTER LLC;
AMERICAN INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION FUND; WUHAN WESTERN U.S.
INVESTMENT IMMIGRATION CONSULTANT INC; HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP;
HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP; LOS ANGELES CITY PLAZA LP; LA VALLEY
GARDEN PLAZA LP; 9920 VALLEY BLVD LP; HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LLC,
Defendants-Appellees,
and
DAVID R. SQUERI; SOL V. YI; GREATER PACIFIC LAW OFFICE LLLC,
Third-Party Plaintiffs/
Third-Party Counterclaim Defendants-Appellees,
v.
WEN SHENG GAO; LAW OFFICE OF WEN SHENG GAO LIMITED LIABILITY LAW
COMPANY, Third-Party Defendants/
Third-Party Counterclaimants-Appellants,
and
JUNSUKE AARON OTSUKA; OTSUKA & ASSOCIATES, A LIMITED LIABILITY
LAW COMPANY, Third-Party Plaintiffs-Appellees,
and
JOHN DOES 1-10; JANE DOES 1-10; DOE PARTNERSHIPS 1-10;
DOE CORPORATIONS 1-10; DOE ENTITIES 1-10; DOE GOVERNMENTAL
UNITS 1-10, Defendants,
and
Doe Third-Party Defendants 1-100, Third-Party Defendants

APPEAL FROM THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT
(CIVIL NO. 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX, Consolidated with
1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX and 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX)

3
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

ORDER DENYING DEFENDANTS-APPELLANTS HAWAII CITY PLAZA LP
AND HAWAII OCEAN PLAZA LP'S MOTION FOR RECONSIDERATION
(By: Nakasone, Chief Judge, Leonard and Wadsworth, JJ.)

Upon consideration of Defendants Hawaii City Plaza LP
and Hawaii Ocean Plaza LP's (Project Defendants) May 19, 2026
Motion for Reconsideration As To CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX Case (Motion),
the May 21, 2026 Joinder in Defendants-Appellants Hawaii City
Plaza LP and Hawaii Ocean Plaza LP's Motion for Reconsideration
As to CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX Case (Joinder)1 filed by self-represented
Defendants Zhong Fang aka Johnson Fang, Min Hu aka Michelle Hu,
Zhe Fang aka Jay Fang and Yujia Wang aka Jiajia Wang (Individual
Defendants), the papers in support and the record, it appears
that Project Defendants and Individual Defendants request that
we (1) take judicial notice of the lawsuit pending in the
Circuit Court of the First Circuit, Min Yan v. Zhong Fang, et.
al., Civil No. 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX, (2) vacate the portion of our
May 11, 2026 memorandum opinion affirming the Circuit Court of
the First Circuit's November 8, 2023 Amended Order Enforcing
Settlement2, and (3) remand for an evidentiary hearing on
whether Plaintiffs breached Section III.Q and/or Section III.I
of the parties' Settlement Agreement. The Project Defendants

1 The parties are reminded that pursuant to this court's March 5,
2025 Order consolidating CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX, CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX and CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX
under CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX the parties shall file all documents related to these
appeals in case number CAAP-XX-XXXXXXX. Noncompliance may result in the
court striking duplicative or noncompliant filings.

2 The November 8, 2023 Amended Order Enforcing Settlement was
entered as Circuit Court docket entry number 1731 and is titled, "Amended
Order (1) Denying the Motion to Set Aside Settlement Agreement and Lift Stay
of Litigation Proceedings, Filed August 2, 2023 (Dkt. No. 1541); (2) Granting
in Part, Denying in Part the Counter-motion to the Dkt. No. 1541 Motion
(A) to Enforce the Settlement Agreement and Mutual Release as Dkt. No. 1234,
and or, (B) Motion for Accounting, Filed August 17, 2023 (Dkt. Nos. 1548-
1556); and (3) Granting O'Connor Playdon Guben & Inouye Plaintiffs' Motion to
Enforce Settlement Agreement, Filed October 13, 2023 (Dkt. No. 1674)".

4
NOT FOR PUBLICATION IN WEST'S HAWAIʻI REPORTS AND PACIFIC REPORTER

contend that "this new filing", Civil No. 1CCV-XX-XXXXXXX,
"constitutes strong additional evidence of a material breach of
Sections III.Q and III. I. of the Settlement Agreement- the non-
solicitation clause and confidential clause applicable to
plaintiffs' counsel."
Hawai‘i Revised Statutes (HRS) § 641-2(b)(2016)
provides that "[e]very appeal shall be taken on the record, and
no new evidence shall be introduced in the [appellate] court."
See Wilmington Sav. Fund Soc'y FSB v. Domingo, Nos. SCWC-18-
0000099, SCW-XX-XXXXXXX, 2023 WL 2017392, at *6 (Haw. Feb. 15,
2023)(mem.op.) ("The plain language of HRS § 641-2(b) prohibits
an appellate court from accepting and considering new
evidence."). The appellate court cannot "consider matters
outside the record which could not have been considered by the
trial court at the time its judgment was rendered." Casumpang
v. ILWU Local 142, 108 Hawai‘i 411, 420, 121 P.3d 391, 400 (2005)
(cleaned up).
Therefore, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that the Motion and
the Joinder are denied.
DATED: Honolulu, Hawai‘i, June 1, 2026.

/s/ Karen T. Nakasone
Chief Judge

/s/ Katherine G. Leonard
Associate Judge

/s/ Clyde J. Wadsworth
Associate Judge

5