Cruz-Lopez v. Lyons et al

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IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
BROWNSVILLE DIVISION
JUAN C.-L., 1 	§
Petitioner, 	§
§
v. 	§ 	CIVIL ACTION NO. 1:26-cv-338
§
TODD LYONS, et al., 	§
in their official capacities, 	§
Respondents. 	§
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
TO DENY PETITIONER’S HABEAS PETITION
Before the Court is Petitioner’s “Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus” (Dkt. No. 1)
(“Petition”) and Respondents’ “Response to Petition for Writ of Habeas Corpus and Motion
for Summary Judgment” (Dkt. No. 7) (“MSJ”). For the following reasons, the Court should
deny the Petition.
The Court is unable to hear Petitioner’s bond regulations argument on the merits.
Under 8 U.S.C. § 1226, the Attorney General is vested with the discretion to release an alien
on bond, 8 U.S.C. § 1226(a), and to “revoke a bond or parole authorized under subsection
(a), rearrest the alien under the original warrant, and detain the alien. 8 U.S.C. § 1226(b).
Because that same section strips courts of review of the “Attorney General’s discretionary
judgment regarding the application of this section,” this court’s jurisdiction effectively
depends on whether a failure to adhere to typical bond procedures is within this unreviewable
zone of “discretionary judgment regarding the application of this section.” 8 U.S.C. §
1226(e); see also 8 U.S.C. § 1252(a)(5) (specifying bars on judicial review also bar habeas
review). The Fifth Circuit has provided a strong signal to read this expansively: the
discretionary judgment made unreviewable by § 1226(e), in that court’s account, includes
the “manner in which that discretionary judgment is exercised, and whether the procedural
1 Due to significant privacy concerns in immigration cases and noting that judicial opinions are not subject
to Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 5.2, any opinion, order, judgment, or other disposition in this case will
refer to the petitioner only by first name and last initial.
United States District Court
Southern District of Texas
ENTERED
June 16, 2026
Nathan Ochsner, Clerk
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apparatus supplied 	satisfies regulatory, 	statutory, and constitutional constraints.” Loa-
Herrera v. Trominski, 231 F.3d 984, 991 (5th Cir. 2000). Because the Court understands
Respondents’ bond revocation procedures—and any alleged abdication thereof—to fall
within this very wide zone of unreviewable discretion, it must also conclude that it does not
have the jurisdiction to review this case.
Petitioner is detainable under 8 U.S.C. § 1225(b)(2), Buenrostro-Mendez v. Bondi,
166 F.4th 494, 498 (5th Cir. 2026), and, as pleaded, Petitioner’s constitutional claims are not
viable. Detention “during removal proceedings,” even where such detention is without a
bond hearing, is generally a “constitutionally permissible part of that process.” Demore v.
Kim, 538 U.S. 510, 531 (2003). While the Court has acknowledged the possibility of
instances where such detention could strain constitutional limits, see, e.g., id. at 532
(Kennedy, J., concurring), Petitioner has not raised that family of issues in this Petition, see
Dkt. No. 1 at 14-18.
It is therefore recommended that the Court (1) DENY the Petition (Dkt. No. 1), (2)
and DENY the MSJ (Dkt. No. 7) as moot, and (3) DIRECT the Clerk of Court to close the
case.
The parties have fourteen (14) days from the date of being served with a copy of this
Report and Recommendation in which to file written objections, if any, with the United
States District Judge assigned to the instant case. 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). When filing an
objection, a party must object to specific facts or legal findings in this Report and
Recommendation. The District Judge is not required to consider frivolous, conclusive, or
general objections. Battle v. United States Parole Comm’n, 834 F.2d 419, 421 (5th Cir.
1987).
If any party fails to timely object to any factual or legal findings in this Report and
Recommendation, the District Judge is not required to conduct a de novo review of the record
before adopting these findings. If the District Judge chooses to adopt such findings without
conducting a de novo review of the record, the parties may not attack those findings on
appeal, except on the grounds of plain error. Alexander v. Verizon Wireless Servs., L.L.C.,
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875 F.3d 243, 248 (5th Cir. 2017).
Signed on June 16, 2026.
Karen Betancourt
United States Magistrate Judge
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