Clark et al v. Stout Risius Ross, LLC et al

IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE NORTHERN DISTRICT OF TEXAS
AMARILLO DIVISION
STACY CLARK, et ai.,
Plaintiffs,
v. 2:26-CV-049-Z
STOUT RISIUS ROSS, LLC, et al.,
Defendants.
MEMORANDUM OPINION AND ORDER
Before the Court is Defendants’ Notice of Removal, filed March 9, 2026. ECF No. 1.
This action “relates to now-pending bankruptcies in the United States Bankruptcy Court for
the Southern District of Texas.” Jd. at 1. The Court considers sua sponte if transfer of this
action is appropriate. See Orix Fin. Corp. v. Nexbank, SSB, No. CIV A 308-CV-550, 2008 WL
2796069, at *4 (N.D. Tex. July 15, 2008) (district courts can transfer cases sua sponte pursuant to
28 U.S.C. Section 1404(a) and 1412). For the reasons stated below, the Court TRANSFERS
this case to the Southern District of Texas, Houston Division.
BACKGROUND
Plaintiffs filed a Petition against the Defendants in the 84th District Court of
Hutchinson County, Texas on February 25, 2026. ECF No. 1-6. In the Petition, Plaintiffs
allege they suffered injury from the Windy Deuce Fire, a wildfire that began on February 26,
2024 and burned more than 144,000 acres across the Texas Panhandle. Jd. at 6-8. Plaintiffs
allege that the fire was caused by malfunctioning equipment owned by Polaris Operating,
LLC (“Polaris”). Id.
At the time of the fire, Polaris was and currently remains the debtor in bankruptcy cases
styled In re Polaris Operating, LLC, et al., Case No. 23-32810 (CML) (the “Bankruptcy Cases”)
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pending in the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of Texas (the “Bankruptcy
Court”). ECF No. 1 at 2. The bankruptcy proceeding was originally filed in the Southern District
of Texas, Houston Division. ECF No. 1-6 at 6. The Bankruptcy Court appointed Defendant
Brickley to serve as Chief Reorganization Officer for Polaris. ECF No. 1 at 2. Defendant Stout
Risius Ross, LLC served as the Bankruptcy Court-appointed financial advisor to Polaris and
employs Defendant Brickley. /d. Plaintiffs allege the Defendants “assumed control” over Polaris’s
business operations and left “electrical infrastructure and equipment... energized and
uninspected” before resuming operations. ECF No. 1-6 at 6. Thus, Plaintiffs argue, “[t]he fire
occurred as a direct and proximate result of Defendants’ negligence.” /d. at 7.
On March 9, 2026, Defendants removed this action to this court “because this case is a
civil action that arises in and/or is related to the Bankruptcy Cases.” ECF No. 1 at 3.
ANALYSIS
I. Subject Matter Jurisdiction
A district court must determine that it has subject matter jurisdiction before it
transfers an action. See Sanders v. ExxonMobil Corp., No. SA-08-CA-590, 2008 WL 11417386,
at *7 (W.D. Tex. Sept. 30, 2008) (collecting cases); but see Marquette Transp. Co. v. Trinity
Marine Prods., Inc., No. CIVA 06-826, 2006 WL 2349461, at *2 (E.D. La. Aug. 11, 2006)
(deciding transfer without deciding jurisdiction in the bankruptcy context). Thus, the Court
will first assess its subject matter jurisdiction before moving on to transfer analysis.!
28 U.S.C. Section 1334(b) lists four types of bankruptcy proceedings over which
district courts have jurisdiction: (1) “cases under title 11”; (2) “proceedings arising under title
11”; (3) proceedings “arising in” a case under title 11; and (4) proceedings “related to” a case
1 The Court considers jurisdiction only for the purpose of this transfer order. The Bankruptcy Court—
which is more familiar with bankruptcy-specific jurisdictional rules—may of course reconsider and
may come to a different conclusion.
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under title 11. See In re Wood, 825 F.2d 90, 92 (5th Cir. 1987); In re U.S. Brass Corp., 301
F.3d 296, 303 (5th Cir. 2002). The Defendants allege both “arising in” and “related to”
jurisdiction here. ECF No. 1 at 3. But the Court only needs to consider if the matter is “related
to” the bankruptcy:
For the purpose of determining whether a particular matter falls within
bankruptcy jurisdiction, it is not necessary to distinguish between proceedings
” 6.
“arising under’, “arising in a case under’, or “related to a case under’, title 11.
These references operate conjunctively to define the scope of jurisdiction.
Therefore, it is necessary only to determine whether a matter is at least
“related to” the bankruptcy.
Wood, 825 F.2d at 93.
“A proceeding is ‘related to’ a bankruptcy if the outcome of the proceeding could
conceivably have any effect on the estate being administered in bankruptcy.” U.S. Brass
Corp., 301 F.3d at 304. A proceeding, even between non-debtors, could conceivably have an
effect on the estate—and thus is “related to” a bankruptcy—if it could alter the estate’s
liabilities. In re Canion, 196 F.3d 579, 586-87 (5th Cir. 1999). For example, if the defendants
in the proceeding have an indemnification claim against the bankruptcy estate, the outcome
of the proceeding could have an effect on the estate, creating “related to” jurisdiction.
Belcufine v. Aloe, 112 F.3d 633, 636-37 (3d Cir. 1997).
Here, the parties are non-debtors, but the Defendants are Bankruptcy Court-
appointed officers of the debtors. ECF No. 1 at 2. Moreover, the Defendants’ alleged
negligence is directly related to their operation of the debtors’ business. ECF No. 1-6 at 6-8.
This raises the question of indemnification. There is no information in this record about
whether the Defendants have an indemnity agreement with the debtors. But the Court
understands that indemnity for bankruptcy professionals is common. See United Artists
Theatre Co. v. Walton, 315 F.3d 217, 229 (3d Cir. 2003) (calling indemnification of financial
advisors in bankruptcy proceedings a “common market occurrence”). Thus, an indemnity
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arrangement here is at least conceivable. And conceivable is all that is required to give rise
to “related to” jurisdiction. U.S. Brass Corp., 301 F.3d at 304; see also Gulf Fleet Tiger
Acquisition, LLC v. Thoma-Sea Ship Builders, LLC, No. CV 10-144, 2010 WL 11707508, at
*2 (E.D. La. Oct. 4, 2010) (“In the Fifth Circuit the ‘related to’ jurisdictional grant is given a
broad interpretation.”). Because a judgment against the defendants could create an
indemnity claim against the bankruptcy estate, this action is “related to” the Bankruptcy
Cases, and this Court has jurisdiction. 28 U.S.C. § 1334(b).
II. Transfer
There is some dispute as to whether 28 U.S.C. Section 1404(a) (the general transfer
statute) or Section 1412 (the bankruptcy transfer statute) is the proper authority to transfer
a case “related to” a bankruptcy case. See LSREF?2 Baron, LLC v. Aguilar, No. 3:12-CV-1242,
2013 WL 230381, at *3—4 (N.D. Tex. Jan. 18, 2013) (explaining the dispute and noting that
the Fifth Circuit has not yet resolved it). Transfer under Section 1412 is more lenient than
Section 1404(a) for two reasons: “(1) 28 U.S.C. Section 1412 is disjunctive (‘in the interest of
justice or for the convenience of the parties’) and 28 U.S.C. Section 1404(a) is conjunctive
(‘[flor the convenience of parties and witnesses, in the interest of justice’); and (2) 28 U.S.C.
Section 1404(a) includes an additional requirement that the transferee court be one in which
the action could have been brought originally.” Encana Oil & Gas (USA) Inc. v. TSC Sieber
Serus., L.C., No. 3:09-CV-1791, 2010 WL 3385018, at *1 (N.D. Tex. Aug. 20, 2010) (internal
citations omitted). The weight of authority supports applying the more lenient Section 1412
to cases “related to” bankruptcy proceedings. See LSREF2 Baron, 2013 WL 230381 at *4
(collecting cases). After a review of the statutes and relevant law, this Court agrees: transfer
of a case “related to” bankruptcy proceedings should be governed by 28 U.S.C. Section 1412.
A. Transfer Analysis Under 28 U.S.C. Section 1412
“A district court may transfer a case or proceeding under title 11 to a district court for
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another district, in the interest of justice or for the convenience of the parties.” 28 U.S.C.
§ 1412. As noted above, Section 1412 uses the disjunctive “or,” meaning the Court can
transfer in the interest of justice without considering the convenience of the parties. See
LSREF2 Baron, 2013 WL 230381, at *4.
Courts consider several factors when deciding whether transferring a case “related to”
a bankruptcy case is in the interest of justice, including:
(1) the economical and efficient administration of the bankruptcy estate, (2)
the presumption in favor of the forum where the bankruptcy case is pending,
(8) judicial efficiency, (4) the ability to receive a fair trial, (5) the state's interest
in having local controversies decided within its borders by those familiar with
its laws, (6) the enforceability of any judgment rendered, and (7) the plaintiffs
original choice of forum.
Id. The most important factor is whether transfer would promote the economical and efficient
administration of the bankruptcy estate. Id.
Here the first three factors—the efficient administration of the bankruptcy estate, the
presumption in favor of the forum where the bankruptcy is pending, and judicial efficiency—
all favor transfer. Consolidating the dispute into a single forum with the Bankruptcy Cases
reduces the risk of conflicting rulings and promotes judicial efficiency by allowing the court
that is already familiar with the facts to preside. It also aligns with “the strong presumption
that proceedings related to a bankruptcy case should be transferred to the district where the
bankruptcy proceedings are pending.” Jd. at 5. Factors four (ability to receive a fair trial) and
six (enforceability of judgment) are neutral: the parties would receive a fair trial and an
enforceable judgment in either court. Factors five (state’s interest in having the controversy
resolved in-state) and seven (plaintiffs original choice of forum) are not relevant here,
because both courts are within Texas, and the Plaintiffs chose a forum (state court) that is
not an option in this transfer decision. In light of the foregoing, and especially the strong
presumption that cases “related to” the bankruptcy case should be heard in the forum where
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the bankruptcy is proceeding, the Court finds that the case should be transferred under
Section 1412.
B. Transfer Analysis Under 28 U.S.C. Section 1404(a)
Alternatively, even if the Court analyzed transfer under Section 1404(a), the Court
would find that the case should be transferred. “For the convenience of parties and witnesses,
in the interest of justice, a district court may transfer any civil action to any other district or
division where it might have been brought.” 28 U.S.C. § 1404(a). As noted above, Section
1404(a) requires that transfer be in the interest of justice and “for the convenience of the
parties and witnesses.” It also requires that the plaintiff could have originally filed suit in
the transferee court. The Court has “broad discretion in deciding whether to order a transfer”
under Section 1404(a). In re Volkswagen of Am., Inc., 545 F.3d 304, 311 (5th Cir. 2008)
(quoting Balawajder v. Scott, 160 F.3d 1066, 1067 (5th Cir.1998)). The Court already
determined that transfer is in the interest of justice, so it will consider the other two factors
here.
1. The Plaintiffs Could Have Originally Filed Suit in the
Transferee Court.
“[A] proceeding arising under title 11 or arising in or related to a case under title 11
may be commenced in the district court in which such case is pending.” 28 U.S.C. § 1409(a).
As the Court already found, this is a case “related to” a Bankruptcy Case under title 11, so it
could have been commenced in the Southern District of Texas, where the Bankruptcy Cases
are pending. See LSREF2 Baron, 2013 WL 230381, at *7.
2. The Convenience Factor Favors Transfer.
To determine “convenience,” courts analyze a number of public and private interest
factors. Action Indus., Inc. v. U.S. Fid. & Guar. Co., 358 F.3d 337, 340 (5th Cir. 2004). The
private factors include: “(1) the relative ease of access to sources of proof; (2) the availability
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of compulsory process to secure the attendance of witnesses; (8) the cost of attendance for
willing witnesses; and (4) all other practical problems that make trial of a case easy,
expeditious and inexpensive.” Jd. at 340 n.8. The public factors include: “(1) the
administrative difficulties flowing from court congestion; (2) the local interest in having
localized controversies decided at home; (3) the familiarity of the forum with the law that will
govern the case; and (4) the avoidance of unnecessary problems of conflict of laws of the
application of foreign law.” Id.
The first private factor, access to sources of proof, is neutral. Any document necessary
that may be needed for litigation purposes can be easily electronically transported to the
Southern District of Texas. See LSREF2 Baron, 2013 WL 230381, at *7. The second and third
private factors—availability of compulsory process for witnesses and cost of attendance for
willing witnesses—weigh against transfer. Because the alleged actions or inactions in this
case likely took place in the Northern District, it is likely that witnesses may be based in the
Northern District. Compulsory process may not be available for some of these witnesses, and
it will likely be more expensive for willing witnesses to travel to the Southern District. The
fourth private factor, making trial easy and inexpensive, favors transfer. Because the
Bankruptcy Cases are pending in the Southern District of Texas, many factual and legal
issues would have to be briefed and analyzed anew in this Court but would not after transfer.
The trial will be easier, more expeditious, and less expensive in the Southern District.
The first public factor, administrative difficulties related to court congestion, is
neutral. The Court is not aware of any issues related to court congestion in Southern District
of Texas Bankruptcy Court, and even if there were, the efficiencies of having this case in the
same forum as the Bankruptcy Cases would outweigh them. The second factor, the local
interest in having local issues decided at home, weighs against transfer. The alleged
negligence, and the Windy Deuce Fire, occurred in the Northern District of Texas. The Court
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notes, however, that it weighs this factor less because transfer would still be within Texas.
The third public factor, the familiarity of the forum, weighs strongly in favor of transfer. The
Bankruptcy Court in the Southern District of Texas, where the Bankruptcy Cases are
pending, is already familiar with the facts related to the bankruptcy proceeding, which will
be central in this case. See LSREF2 Baron, 2013 WL 230381, at *8. The fourth public factor,
the avoidance of foreign law and conflict of laws issues, is neutral because this transfer would
be within Texas, which is the state law that applies to these claims.
Weighing these factors, the Court finds that the convenience of the parties favors
transfer. While this transfer moves the case out of the district where the alleged negligence
happened and the injuries were sustained, the case is still staying within Texas. The
convenience of having the case heard in the forum where the Bankruptcy Cases are
proceeding, where the Court is already familiar with the facts and the parties will avoid
duplicate work, outweighs the cost of transferring this action to another District in Texas.
Thus, the Court finds that this case should be transferred even if it had to apply
Section 1404(a).
CONCLUSION
For the reasons stated above, transfer of this action to the court where the Bankruptcy
Cases are proceeding is appropriate. Accordingly, the Clerk of the Court is DIRECTED to
TRANSFER this case to the United States District Court for Southern District of Texas,
Houston Division, for possible referral to the Bankruptcy Court.
SO ORDERED.
March Ul 2026
MA’ EW J. KACSMARYK
UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE
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