2:26-cv-00817•Case Name in Immigration Case - Unavailable
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U NI T E D S T A T E S DI S T RI C T C O U R T E A S T E R N DI S T RI C T O F N E W Y O R K R o n al d M arti n e z E n a m or a d o, P etiti o n er , - v- K e n n et h G e n al o, i n his offi ci al c a p a cit y as Fi el d Offi c e Dir e ct or of N e w Y or k, I m mi gr ati o n a n d C ust o ms E nf or c e m e nt ; Kristi N o e m, i n h er offi ci al c a p a cit y as S e cr et ar y of H o m el a n d S e c urit y ; a n d P a m B o n di, i n h er offi ci al c a p a cit y as Att or n e y G e n er al , R es p o n d e nts. 2: 2 6- c v - 8 1 7 ( NJC) M E M O R A N D U M A N D O R D E R N U S R A T J. C H O U D H U R Y , U nit e d St at es Distri ct J u d g e: O n F e br u ar y 1 2, 2 0 2 6, R o n al d M arti n e z E n a m or a d o, t h e h us b a n d of a U. S. citi z e n wit h n o cri mi n al hist or y a n d a r esi d e n c e i n N e w Y or k of m or e t h a n o n e d e c a d e, fil e d t his P etiti o n s e e ki n g a writ of h a b e as c or p us u n d er 2 8 U. S. C. § 2 2 4 1 t o c h all e n g e t h e l a wf ul n ess of his d et e nti o n b y I m mi gr ati o n a n d C ust o ms E nf or c e m e nt ( “I C E ”). ( P etiti o n f or Writ of H a b e as C or p us ( “ P et. ”), E C F N o. 1.) T h at d et e nti o n b e g a n o n F e br u ar y 1 1, 2 0 2 6, w h e n I C E offi c ers wit h t h eir g u ns dr a w n st o p p e d Mr. E n a m or a d o’s v e hi cl e as h e w as dri vi n g t o w or k, b a n g e d o n t h e c ar wi n d o w, s m as h e d t h e wi n d o w, dr a g g e d hi m o ut of t h e c ar, t hr e w hi m t o t h e gr o u n d, a n d t h e n arr est e d hi m. ( P et ¶ 1 1 .) T h e P etiti o n ar g u es t h at I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o wit h o ut n oti c e a n d o p p ort u nit y t o b e h e ar d vi ol at es t h e D u e Pr o c ess Cl a us e of t h e Fift h A m e n d m e nt t o t h e U. S. C o nstit uti o n, t h e A d mi nistr ati v e Pr o c e d ur es A ct ( “ A P A ”), a n d t h e F o urt h A m e n d m e nt t o t h e U. S. C o nstit uti o n . T h e P etiti o n s e e ks t h e f oll o wi n g r eli ef: ( 1) writ of h a b e as c or p us r e q uiri n g R es p o n d e nts t o i m m e di at el y r el e as e Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o wit h o ut Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 1 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
2 G P S m o nit ori n g ; ( 2) a d e cl ar ati o n t h at Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o’s d et e nti o n vi ol at es t h e D u e Pr o c ess Cl a us e of t h e Fift h A m e n d m e nt a n d t h e A P A; ( 3) a n a w ar d of r e as o n a bl e att or n e y’s f e es a n d c osts p urs u a nt t o t h e E q u al A c c ess t o J usti c e A ct, 5 U. S. C. § 5 0 4 a n d 2 8 U. S. C. § 2 4 1 2; a n d ( 4) a n y f urt h er r eli ef t his C o urt d e e ms j ust a n d pr o p er. (P et. at 1 1 ). 1 F or t h e r e as o ns e x pl ai n e d b el o w, t h e P etiti o n is G R A N T E D i n p art. R es p o n d e nts ar e f e d er al g o v er n m e nt offi ci als n a m e d i n t h eir offi ci al c a p a citi es: ( 1) K e n n et h G e n al o, i n his offi ci al c a p a cit y as Fi el d Offi c e Dir e ct or of N e w Y or k f or I C E ; ( 2) Kristi N o e m, i n h er offi ci al c a p a cit y as S e cr et ar y of H o m el a n d S e c urit y; a n d ( 3) P a m B o n di, i n h er offi ci al c a p a cit y as U nit e d St at es Att or n e y G e n er al. R es p o n d e nts h a v e n o o bj e cti o n t o t his C o urt d e ci di n g t h e P etiti o n o n t h e p a p ers i n li e u of a h e ari n g a n d h a v e pr o vi d e d t h e r e c or ds o n w hi c h t h e y r el y t o o p p os e t h e P etiti o n. (R es p o ns e t o Or d er t o S h o w C a us e ( “ R es p o ns e ”) at 1 – 2, E C F N o. 8.) T h e y ass ert t h at t h e f a cts of t his c a se ar e si mil ar t o t h os e at iss u e i n a n ot h er h a b e as p etiti o n r es ol v e d b y t his C o urt: R o dri g u ez- A c uri o v. Al m o d o v ar , N o. 2 5-c v - 6 0 6 5 ( E. D. N. Y.). (I d. at 2.) A c c or di n gl y, R es p o n d e nts “ a d o pt t h e G o v er n m e nt’s M e m or a n d u m of L a w ” fil e d b y t h e r es p o n d e nts i n t h at a cti o n. ( I d. ( citi n g R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , N o. 2 5-c v - 6 0 6 5, E C F N o. 1 4.).) 1 T h e P etiti o n als o s e e ks a n or d er pr o hi biti n g Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o ’s r e m o v al fr o m t h e U nit e d St at es a n d tr a nsf er fr o m t h e S o ut h er n Distri ct of N e w Y or k, E ast er n Distri ct of N e w Y or k, or Distri ct of N e w J ers e y p e n di n g a dj u di c ati o n of t h e i nst a nt p etiti o n, a n or d er r e q uiri n g R es p o n d e nts t o s h o w c a us e w h y t h e writ s h o ul d n ot b e gr a nt e d wit hi n t hr e e d a ys, a n d a h e ari n g o n t h e P etiti o n fi v e d a ys aft er t h at r es p o ns e. ( P et. at 1 1.) T h e C o urt h as eff e cti v el y gr a nt e d s u c h r eli ef t hr o u g h t h e iss u a n c e of a F e br u ar y 1 2, 2 0 2 6 Or d er t o S h o w C a us e, w hi c h r e q uir e d R es p o n d e nts t o pr o vi d e t h eir r es p o ns e t o t h e P etiti o n b y F e br u ar y 1 6, 2 0 2 6, at t h e l at est, a n d pr o hi bit e d R es p o n d e nts fr o m r e m o vi n g Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o fr o m t h e U nit e d St at es or tr a nsf erri n g hi m o utsi d e of t h e E ast er n Distri ct of N e w Y or k, S o ut h er n Distri ct of N e w Y or k, a n d Distri ct of N e w J ers e y a bs e nt f urt h er or d er of t h e C o urt. ( S e e E C F N o. 4.) Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 2 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
3 R es p o n d e nts ar g u e t h at I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o f alls u n d er 8 U. S. C. § 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) ( “ S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) ”), w hi c h g o v er ns t h e m a n d at or y d et e nti o n of c ert ai n n o n citi z e ns w h o ar e “s e e ki n g a d missi o n ” t o t h e U nit e d St at es. ( I d. at 1.) A c c or di n g t o R es p o n d e nts, S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) r e q uir es Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o’s d et e nti o n, a n d h e h as n o ri g ht t o a n y a d diti o n al pr o c ess u n d er t h e D u e Pr o c ess Cl a us e. R es p o n d e nts’ p ositi o n is t h at a n y n o n citi z e n w h o e nt er e d t h e U nit e d St at es wit h o ut a ut h ori z ati o n at a n y ti m e is s u bj e ct t o d et e nti o n u n d er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2), n ot wit hst a n di n g t h e f a ct t h at t h e y h a v e b e e n r esi di n g i n t h e i nt eri or of t h e c o u ntr y f or m o nt hs, if n ot y e ars. R es p o n d e nts ar e i n c orr e ct f or t h e r e as o ns e x pl ai n e d b y t his C o urt i n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o v. Al m o d o v ar , _ _ F. S u p p. 3 d _ _, N o. 2 5-c v - 6 0 6 5, 2 0 2 5 W L 3 3 1 4 4 2 0 ( E. D. N. Y. N o v. 2 8, 2 0 2 5), a p p e al d o c k et e d , N o. 2 6- 2 1 9 ( 2 d. Cir. F e b. 2, 2 0 2 6), a n d t h at d e cisi o n is i n c or p or at e d b y r ef er e n c e i n its e ntir et y i n t his Or d er. D et e nti o n u n d er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) o nl y a p pli es t o n o n citi z e ns w h o, a m o n g ot h er t hi n gs, ar e “s e e ki n g a d missi o n ” t o t h e U nit e d St at es. I d. at * 2 2. H er e, Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o is n ot “s e e ki n g a d missi o n ” b e c a us e h e cl e arl y is n ot pr es e nti n g hi ms elf at t h e b or d er a n d w as n ot r e c e ntl y a p pr e h e n d e d j ust aft er e nt eri n g t his c o u ntr y. R at h er, at t h e ti m e t h at I C E d et ai n e d hi m, Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o h a d b e e n li vi n g i n N e w Y or k si n c e ar o u n d 2 0 1 6. H e is t h e h us b a n d of a U. S. citi z e n , w or ks i n c o nstr u cti o n t o s u p p ort his U. S. citi z e n wif e a n d U. S. citi z e n m ot h er -i n- l a w, a n d h a d h o p e d t o s o o n b e gi n t h e pr o c ess f or a p pl yi n g f or l a wf ul p er m a n e nt r esi d e nt st at us. R es p o n d e nts off er n o n e w ar g u m e nts t o s u p p ort t h eir p ositi o n t h at a n y n o n-citi z e n a p pr e h e n d e d i n t h e i nt eri or of t h e U nit e d St at es is s u bj e ct t o m a n d at or y d et e nti o n u n d er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2). ( S e e R es p o ns e at 1 – 2.) T h e v ast m aj orit y of c o urts t hr o u g h o ut t his Distri ct, Cir c uit, a n d e v e n t h e c o u ntr y h a v e r ej e ct e d R es p o n d e nts’ e x p a nsi v e i nt er pr et ati o n of S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2). Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 3 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
4 S e e B ar c o M er c a d o v. Fr a n cis , _ _ F. S u p p. 3 d _ _, N o. 2 5-c v - 6 5 8 2, 2 0 2 5 W L 3 2 9 5 9 0 3, at * 4 ( S. D. N. Y. N o v. 2 6, 2 0 2 5) ( “[ T] h e a d mi nistr ati o n’s n e w p ositi o n t h at all n o n citi z e ns w h o c a m e i nt o t h e U nit e d St at es ill e g all y, b ut si n c e h a v e b e e n li vi n g i n t h e U nit e d St at es, m ust b e d et ai n e d u ntil t h eir r e m o v al pr o c e e di n gs ar e c o m pl et e d —h as b e e n c h all e n g e d i n at l e ast 3 6 2 c as es i n f e d er al distri ct c o urts. T h e c h all e n g ers h a v e pr e v ail e d, eit h er o n a pr eli mi n ar y or fi n al b asis, i n 3 5 0 of t h os e c as es d e ci d e d b y o v er 1 6 0 diff er e nt j u d g es sitti n g i n a b o ut fift y diff er e nt c o urts s pr e a d a cr oss t h e U nit e d St at es. ”). T h e S e c o n d Cir c uit h as n ot a d dr ess e d w h et h er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) r e q uir es t h e d et e nti o n of a n y n o n- citi z e n e n c o u nt er e d b y I C E i n t h e i nt eri or of t h e U nit e d St at es, alt h o u g h s e v er al c as es r aisi n g t his iss u e ar e o n a p p e al. 2 T h e S e v e nt h Cir c uit r e c e ntl y s u g g est e d t h at S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) d o es n ot a p pl y t o n o n citi z e ns w h o ar e alr e a d y r esi di n g i n t h e U nit e d St at es. C ast a n o n- N a v a v. U. S. D e p’t of H o m el a n d S e c. , 1 6 1 F. 4t h 1 0 4 8, 1 0 6 1 ( 7t h Cir. 2 0 2 5). 3 T h e Fift h Cir c uit r e c e ntl y r e a c h e d t h e o p p osit e c o n cl usi o n. B u e nr ostr o- M e n d ez v. B o n di , _ _ F. S u p p. 3 d _ _, N o. 2 5- 2 0 4 9 6, 2 0 2 6 W L 3 2 3 3 3 0 ( 5t h Cir. F e b. 6, 2 0 2 6). 2 S e e, e. g. , C u n h a v. M o niz , 6: 2 5-c v - 6 5 3 2 ( W. D. N. Y. N o v. 2 5, 2 0 2 5), a p p e al d o c k et e d, N o. 2 5- 3 1 4 1 ( 2 d. Cir. D e c. 1 2, 2 0 2 5); C h e n v. Al m o d o v ar , 1: 2 5-c v - 8 3 5 0 ( S. D. N. Y. D e c. 4, 2 0 2 5), a p p e al d o c k et e d , N o. 2 5- 3 1 6 9 ( 2 d. Cir. D e c. 1 7, 2 0 2 5); C a n di d o v. B o n di , N o. 1: 2 5-c v - 8 6 7 ( W. D. N. Y. D e c. 4, 2 0 2 5), a p p e al d o c k et e d , N o. 2 5- 3 1 5 9 ( 2 d. Cir. D e c. 1 7, 2 0 2 5). 3 I n C ast a n o n- N a v a , t h e S e v e nt h Cir c uit r e as o n e d: [ T] h e m a n d at or y d et e nti o n pr o visi o n u p o n w hi c h D ef e n d a nts r el y, li mits its s c o p e t o a n “ a p pli c a nt f or a d missi o n ” w h o is “s e e ki n g a d missi o n, ” § 1 2 2 5( b)( 2)( A). P ut a n ot h er w a y, “ U. S. i m mi gr ati o n l a w a ut h ori z es t h e G o v er n m e nt t o d et ai n c ert ai n ali e ns s e e ki n g a d missi o n i nt o t h e c o u ntr y u n d er § § 1 2 2 5( b)( 1) a n d ( b)( 2). It als o a ut h ori z es t h e G o v er n m e nt t o d et ai n c ert ai n ali e ns alr e a d y i n t h e c o u ntr y p e n di n g t h e o ut c o m e of r e m o v al pr o c e e di n gs u n d er § § 1 2 2 6( a) a n d ( c). ” 1 6 1 F. 4t h at 1 0 6 1 ( e m p h asis i n ori gi n al, q u oti n g J e n ni n gs v. R o dri g u ez , 5 8 3 U. S. 2 8 1, 2 8 9 ( 2 0 1 8)). Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 4 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
5 T his C o urt h as c o n d u ct e d its o w n c ar ef ul ass ess m e nt of t h e l a w a n d t h e f a cts. I n t h e a bs e n c e of S e c o n d Cir c uit pr e c e d e nt t o t h e c o ntr ar y, t his C o urt c o nti n u es t o c o n cl u d e, as s et f ort h i n d et ail i n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , t h at R es p o n d e nts’ p ositi o n t h at S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) r e q uir es t h e d et e nti o n of a n o n- citi z e n a p pr e h e n d e d i n t h e i nt eri or of t h e U nit e d St at es n ot wit hst a n di n g t h e f a ct t h at t h e n o n- citi z e n h as c o nti n u o usl y r esi d e d i n t his c o u ntr y f or m o nt hs, if n ot y e ars, is u ns u p p ort e d b y t h e st at ut or y t e xt. 4 M or e o v er, n ot hi n g i n t h e r e c or d s h o ws t h at I C E arr est e d a n d d et ai n e d Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o u n d er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) r at h er t h a n S e cti o n 1 2 2 6( a). ( S e e R es p o ns e at 4 (F or m I - 2 0 0 r efl e cti n g t h at Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o w as arr est e d o n a w arr a nt p urs u a nt t o “s e cti o ns 2 3 6 a n d 2 8 7 of t h e I m mi gr ati o n a n d N ati o n alit y A ct a n d p art 2 8 7 titl e 8, C o d e of F e d er al R e g ul ati o ns, ” w hi c h c orr es p o n d t o 8 U. S. C. § § 1 2 2 6 a n d 1 3 5 7 a n d 8 C. F. R. § § 2 8 7. 1 – 2 8 7. 1 2, n ot 8 U. S. C. § 1 2 2 5( b)( 2).) R es p o n d e nts first i n v o k e d S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) as t h e b asis f or Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o ’s d et e nti o n i n t h e c o urs e of t his liti g ati o n. ( R es p o ns e at 1.) T h e S u pr e m e C o urt h as r e c o g ni z e d t h at a “ p ost- h o c r ati o n ali z ati o n ” first arti c ul at e d i n liti g ati o n c arri es littl e w ei g ht. D e p’t of H o m el a n d S e c. v. R e g e nts of t h e U ni v. of C al , 5 9 1 U. S. 1, 2 1 ( 2 0 2 0) ( q u oti n g Citiz e ns t o Pr es er v e O v ert o n P ar k, I n c., v. V ol p e , 4 0 1 U. S. 4 0 2, 4 2 0 ( 1 9 7 1)); s e e als o Isl a n d er E. Pi p eli n e C o., L L C v. C o n n e cti c ut D e p’t of E n v’t Pr ot. , 4 8 2 F. 3 d 7 9, 9 5 ( 2 d Cir. 2 0 0 6) ( “It is w ell est a blis h e d t h at a n a g e n c y’s a cti o n m ust b e u p h el d, if at all, o n t h e b asis arti c ul at e d b y t h e a g e n c y its elf. ”). As c o urts i n t h e S o ut h er n Distri ct of N e w Y or k h a v e r e c o g ni z e d, “t h e C o urt 4 R es p o n d e nts r el y o n S a a mis h vili v. Fl a n a g a n , et al., N o. 2 5-c v - 6 1 7 8, 2 0 2 6 W L 3 7 7 5 7 4, at * 3 ( E. D. N. Y. F e b. 1 1, 2 0 2 6), t o s u p p ort t h eir e x p a nsi v e i nt er pr et ati o n of S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) i n t his c as e. ( E C F N o. 1 0). T his C o urt r es p e ctf ull y dis a gr e es wit h S a a ms h vili a b o ut t h e s c o p e of S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2). A d diti o n all y, t h e p etiti o n er i n t h at c as e w as s u bj e ct t o a n or d er of r e m o v al, a n d it is u n cl e ar w h et h er t h e r e m o v al or d er w as fi n al s u c h t h at a diff er e nt I N A pr o visi o n — 8 U. S. C § 1 2 3 1( a)( 2)( A) — g o v er n e d t h e p etiti o n er’s d et e nti o n p e n di n g r e m o v al. Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 5 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
6 c a n n ot cr e dit R es p o n d e nts’ n e w p ositi o n as t o t h e b asis f or [ p etiti o n er’s] d et e nti o n, w hi c h w as a d o pt e d p ost h o c a n d r ais e d f or t h e first ti m e i n t his liti g ati o n. ” L o p ez B e nit ez v. Fr a n cis , 7 9 5 F. S u p p. 3 d 4 7 5, 4 8 6 ( S. D. N. Y. 2 0 2 5); s e e als o Y a o v. Al m o d o v ar , N o. 2 5-c v - 9 9 8 2, 2 0 2 5 W L 3 6 5 3 4 3 3, at * 4 ( S. D. N. Y. D e c. 1 7, 2 0 2 5) ( dis cr e diti n g r es p o n d e nts’ p ost- h o c j ustifi c ati o n f or p etiti o n er’s d et e nti o n a n d fi n di n g t h at “I C E is pr o p erl y h el d t o its r e pr es e nt ati o n, w h e n it d et ai n e d [ p etiti o n er], as t o t h e l e g al b asis f or t h at a cti o n ” ( e m p h asis a d d e d)); s e e R u e d a T orr es v. Fr a n cis , N o. 2 5-c v - 8 4 0 8, 2 0 2 5 W L 3 1 6 8 7 5 9, at * 5 ( S. D. N. Y., 2 0 2 5 N o v. 1 3, 2 0 2 5) (sli p c o p y) (s a m e). A c c or di n gl y, I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o is g o v er n e d b y t h e dis cr eti o n ar y d et e nti o n fr a m e w or k s et f ort h i n a diff er e nt pr o visi o n of t h e I m mi gr ati o n a n d N ati o n alit y A ct, 8 U. S. C. § 1 2 2 6( a). F or t h e r e as o ns e x pl ai n e d i n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , w hi c h ar e i n c or p or at e d b y r ef er e n c e h er e, Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o h as a li b ert y i nt er est i n b ei n g fr e e fr o m d et e nti o n t h at is aff or d e d pr o c e d ur al d u e pr o c ess pr ot e cti o n, n ot wit hst a n di n g R es p o n d e nts’ i n v o c ati o n of D e p art m e nt of H o m el a n d S e c urit y v. T h ur aissi gi a m , 5 9 1 U. S. 1 0 3 ( 2 0 2 0), a n d ot h er c as es. S e e R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , 2 0 2 5 W L 3 3 1 4 4 2 0, at * 2 5 – 2 7 (fi n di n g t h at p etiti o n er’s sit u ati o n is disti n g uis h a bl e fr o m T h ur aissi gi a m a n d t h at p etiti o n er h as a li b ert y i nt er est t h at is aff or d e d pr o c e d ur al d u e pr o c ess pr ot e cti o n). 5 I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o wit h o ut n oti c e a n d o p p ort u nit y t o b e h e ar d i nfri n g es o n t h at li b ert y i nt er est a n d tri g g ers t h e ri g ht t o pr o c e d ur al d u e pr o c ess. 5 Alt h o u g h t h e R es p o n d e nts d o n ot dis c uss T h ur aissi gi a m i n a n y w a y, b e c a us e t h e y i n c or p or at e t h eir l e g al bri ef fil e d i n o p p ositi o n t o t h e p etiti o n i n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , t his C o urt ass u m es t h e y s e e k t o r el y o n it. Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 6 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
7 T h e b al a n ci n g t est s et f ort h i n M att h e ws v. El dri d g e , 4 2 4 U. S. 3 1 9, 3 3 5 ( 1 9 7 6), a p pli es t o pr o c e d ur al d u e pr o c ess cl ai ms a n d r e q uir es t his C o urt t o c o nsi d er: ( 1) t h e pri v at e i nt er est t h at will b e aff e ct e d b y t h e offi ci al a cti o n; ( 2) t h e ris k of err o n e o us d e pri v ati o n of t h at i nt er est t hr o u g h t h e pr o c e d ur es us e d; a n d ( 3) t h e g o v er n m e nt’s i nt er est, i n cl u di n g t h e fis c al a n d a d mi nistr ati v e b ur d e ns t h at t h e a d diti o n al or s u bstit ut e pr o c e d ur es w o ul d e nt ail. A p pl yi n g t his b al a n ci n g t est, R es p o n d e nts’ d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o si n c e F e br u ar y 1 1, 2 0 2 6, vi ol at es his Fift h A m e n d m e nt ri g hts t o pr o c e d ur al d u e pr o c ess f or t h e s a m e r e as o ns as t h os e s et f ort h i n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o . H er e, I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o wit h o ut a n y n oti c e or o p p ort u nit y t o b e h e ar d i nfri n g es o n “t h e m ost si g nifi c a nt li b ert y i nt er est t h er e is —t h e i nt er est i n b ei n g fr e e fr o m i m pris o n m e nt. ” V el as c o L o p ez v. D e c k er , 9 7 8 F. 3 d 8 4 2, 8 5 1 ( 2 d Cir. 2 0 2 0). M or e o v er, t h er e is a hi g h ris k of err o n e o us d e pri v ati o n t hr o u g h t h e pr o c e d ur es us e d t o d et ai n Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o b e c a us e R es p o n d e nts f ail e d t o pr o vi d e a n y n oti c e or a n y o p p ort u nit y t o b e h e ar d b ef or e a D e p art m e nt of H o m el a n d S e c urit y offi c er or i m mi gr ati o n j u d g e b ef or e I C E d et ai n e d hi m o n F e br u ar y 1 1, 2 0 2 6. Fi n all y, R es p o n d e nts f ail t o a d dr ess a n y of t h e M att h e ws v. El dri d g e f a ct ors, m u c h l ess a n y g o v er n m e nt i nt er ests a d v a n c e d b y I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o wit h o ut n oti c e or a n o p p ort u nit y t o b e h e ar d. Alt h o u g h t h e Att or n e y G e n er al m a y h a v e a l e giti m at e g o v er n m e nt i nt er est i n e ns uri n g t h e a p p e ar a n c e of n o n citi z e ns at i m mi gr ati o n pr o c e e di n gs a n d pr e v e nti n g d a n g er t o t h e c o m m u nit y, t h er e is a bs ol ut el y n ot hi n g i n t h e r e c or d s h o wi n g t h at Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o pr es e nts a fli g ht ris k or d a n g er t o t h e c o m m u nit y. Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o h as n o cri mi n al hist or y, is m arri e d t o a U. S. citi z e n, a n d is t h e pri m ar y br e a d wi n n er f or his wif e, m ot h er-i n-l a w, a n d sist er. Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 7 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
8 A c c or di n gl y, w ei g hi n g all of t h e M at h e ws v. El dri d g e f a ct ors— t h e si g nifi c a nt li b ert y i nt er est at st a k e, t h e hi g h ris k of err o n e o us d e pri v ati o n, a n d R es p o n d e nts’ f ail ur e t o d e m o nstr at e t h at Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o ’s d et e nti o n w as r e q uir e d t o a d v a n c e a n y l e giti m at e g o v er n m e nt i nt er est i n pr e v e nti n g d a n g er t o t h e c o m m u nit y or e ns uri n g a p p e ar a n c e at r e m o v al pr o c e e di n gs — R es p o n d e nts’ d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o wit h n o n oti c e or o p p ort u nit y t o b e h e ar d vi ol at es his Fift h A m e n d m e nt ri g hts t o pr o c e d ur al d u e pr o c ess. T h us, I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o w as u nl a wf ul fr o m its i n c e pti o n, n ot wit hst a n di n g R es p o n d e nts’ eff orts at p ost- h o c r ati o n ali z ati o n b as e d o n its e x p a nsi v e i nt er pr et ati o n of S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2). 6 S e e L o p ez B e nit ez , 7 9 5 F. S u p p. 3 d at 4 8 6; R u e d a T orr es , 2 0 2 5 W L 3 1 6 8 7 5 9, at * 5. U p o n fi n di n g a c o nstit uti o n al vi ol ati o n, a distri ct c o urt “ m a y ” gr a nt a writ of h a b e as c or p us a n d “ dis p os e of t h e m att er as l a w a n d j usti c e r e q uir e. ” 2 8 U. S. C § § 2 2 4 1( a), 2 2 4 3. R el e as e fr o m d et e nti o n is t h e “t y pi c al r e m e d y ” f or “ u nl a wf ul e x e c uti v e d et e nti o n. ” M u n af v. Gr e e n , 5 5 3 U. S. 6 7 4, 6 9 3 ( 2 0 0 8). I n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , t his C o urt pr o vi d e d t h e l e g al b asis f or or d eri n g r el e as e fr o m I C E d et e nti o n as w ell as li mit e d i nj u n cti v e r eli ef e nj oi ni n g R es p o n d e nts fr o m i n v o ki n g S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b) as t h e b asis f or s u bj e cti n g a n o n-citi z e n h a b e as p etiti o n er t o m a n d at or y d et e nti o n, a bs e nt a c h a n g e i n r el e v a n t cir c u mst a n c es. S e e R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , 2 0 2 5 W L 3 3 1 4 4 2 0, at * 3 1 – 3 2. 6 Alt h o u g h R es p o n d e nts d o n ot e x pli citl y i n v o k e 8 U. S. C. § 1 2 2 5( b)( 1) as t h e b asis f or I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o, t h at pr o visi o n is pl ai nl y i n a p pli c a bl e t o hi m. Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o is n ot s u bj e ct t o m a n d at or y d et e nti o n p e n di n g e x p e dit e d r e m o v al as a n “ arri vi n g ali e n ” u n d er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 1) ( A)(i). S e e R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , 2 0 2 5 W L 3 3 1 4 4 2 0, at * 1 9. N or d o R es p o n d e nts e v e n ar g u e, m u c h l ess s h o w, t h at h e f alls wit hi n a n y c at e g or y of n o n- citi z e ns w h o ar e d esi g n at e d b y t h e Att or n e y G e n er al or t h eir d el e g at e as eli gi bl e f or m a n d at or y d et e nti o n p e n di n g e x p e dit e d r e m o v al u n d er t h e st at ut e’s D esi g n ati o n Pr o visi o n, 8 U. S. C § 1 2 2 5( b)( 1)( A)(iii). S e e i d . at * 1 5. A c c or di n gl y, I C E’s d et e nti o n of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o si n c e F e br u ar y 1 1, 2 0 2 6, is p urs u a nt t o t h e dis cr eti o n ar y d et e nti o n s c h e m e of S e cti o n 1 2 2 6( a), n ot t h e m a n d at or y d et e nti o n s c h e m e of eit h er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) or S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 1). Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 8 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
9 F or t h os e s a m e r e as o ns, i n t his a cti o n, “ dis p os[i n g] of t h e m att er as l a w a n d j usti c e r e q uir e, ” 2 8 U. S. C. § 2 2 4 3, n e c essit at es b ot h t h e i m m e di at e r el e as e of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o fr o m I C E c ust o d y a n d n arr o w i nj u n cti v e r eli ef g u ar di n g a g ai nst r e-d et e nti o n i n vi ol ati o n of t his C o urt’s d et er mi n ati o n t h at Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o is n ot s u bj e ct t o m a n d at or y d et e nti o n u n d er S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b). As i n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , t h e li mit e d gr a nt of i nj u n cti v e r eli ef t o g u ar d a g ai nst r e - d et e nti o n b y I C E wit h o ut a b o n d h e ari n g o n t h e b asis of S e cti o n 1 2 2 5( b)( 2) a bs e nt a c h a n g e i n r el e v a nt cir c u mst a n c es f alls wit hi n t h e “ c or e of h a b e as ,” T h ur aissi gi a m , 5 9 1 U. S. at 1 1 9, b e c a us e it is n e c ess ar y t o e ns ur e t h at t h e r el e as e of Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o is n ot r e n d er e d m e a ni n gl ess. A d diti o n all y, Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o “is e ntitl e d t o r el e as e fr o m t h e u nl a wf ul r estri cti o ns o n his li b ert y— w hi c h m e a ns, i n t h e cir c u mst a n c es h er e, r est or ati o n of ” t h e st at us q u o a nt e. K h a b az h a v. U nit e d St at es I m mi gr. & C ust o ms E nf’t , N o. 2 5-c v - 5 2 7 9, 2 0 2 5 W L 3 2 8 1 5 1 4, at * 8 ( S. D. N. Y. N o v. 2 5, 2 0 2 5) ( or d eri n g g o v er n m e nt t o r el e as e p etiti o n er fr o m “r estri cti o ns o n his li b ert y i m p os e d as a r es ult of his u nl a wf ul [ d et e nti o n] . . . i n cl u di n g t h e a n kl e m o nit or a n d r e p orti n g r e q uir e m e nts ”). Pri or t o his u nl a wf ul d et e nti o n, Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o w as n ot s u bj e ct t o a n y el e ctr o ni c m o nit ori n g r e q uir e m e nts b y I C E. A c c or di n gl y, “ dis p os[i n g] of t h e m att er as l a w a n d j usti c e r e q uir e, ” 2 8 U. S. C. § 2 2 4 3, a n d “r est or[i n g] . . . t h e st at us q u o a nt e, ” K h a b az h a , 2 0 2 5 W L 3 2 8 1 5 1 4, at * 8, r e q uir es t h at R es p o n d e nts r el e as e Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o wit h o ut a n y c o n diti o n f or el e ctr o ni c m o nit ori n g, i n cl u di n g b ut n ot li mit e d t o G P S m o nit ori n g. C O N C L U SI O N A c c or di n gl y, f or all of t h es e r e as o ns e x pl ai n e d i n t his M e m or a n d u m a n d Or d er a n d t h os e s et f ort h i n R o dri g u ez- A c uri o , t h e P etiti o n is G R A N T E D i n p art . R es p o n d e nts m ust c o or di n at e wit h P etiti o n er’s c o u ns el a n d t h er e aft er r el e as e P etiti o n er , wit h o ut a n y el e ctr o ni c m o nit ori n g, Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 9 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
1 0 i n cl u di n g b ut n ot li mit e d t o G P S m o nit ori n g, i nt o t h e p h ysi c al c ar e of t h eir c o u ns el or a n ot h er m ut u all y a gr e e d u p o n p ers o n at t h e e arli est p ossi bl e ti m e a gr e e d u p o n b y t h e p arti es, b ut n o l at er t h a n F e b r u a r y 1 3, 2 0 2 6, at 1 1: 0 0 p. m . R es p o n d e nts m ust r el e as e P etiti o n er wit h all of his b el o n gi n gs t h at ar e i n R es p o n d e nts’ p oss essi o n, i n cl u di n g b ut n ot li mit e d t o i d e ntifi c ati o n c ar ds, cl ot hi n g, a n d m o n e y. R es p o n d e nts s h all c o nfir m c o m pli a n c e wit h t h es e dir e cti v es, i n cl u di n g b y i d e ntif yi n g t h e i n di vi d u al t o w h o m P etiti o n er w as r el e as e d a n d w h e n a n d h o w Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o’s b el o n gi n gs w er e r et ur n e d t o hi m, i n a fili n g o n t h e d o c k et b y F e br u ar y 1 3, 2 0 2 6, at 1 1: 5 9 p. m. A d diti o n all y, p e n di n g t h e iss u a n c e of a n y fi n al r e m o v al or d er a g ai nst Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o, R es p o n d e nts ar e e nj oi n e d fr o m d e n yi n g Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o b o n d i n a n y s u bs e q u e nt pr o c e e di n g o n t h e b asis t h at h e m ust b e d et ai n e d p urs u a nt t o 8 U. S. C. § 1 2 2 5( b), a bs e nt a c h a n g e i n r el e v a nt cir c u mst a n c es c o nsist e nt wit h t his Or d er. At t his ti m e, t h e C o urt r es er v es r uli n g o n t h e r e q u est f or att or n e ys’ f e es a n d c osts u n d er t h e E q u al A c c ess t o J usti c e A ct s et f ort h i n t h e P etiti o n. Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o m a y fil e a n a p pli c ati o n f or att or n e ys’ f e es a n d c osts i n c urr e d i n p urs ui n g t his a cti o n b y M a y 1 4, 2 0 2 6. T h e C o urt c o n cl u d es t h at t h e ot h er ar g u m e nts s et f ort h i n t h e P etiti o n f or gr a nti n g Mr. M arti n e z E n a m or a d o t h e r e q u est e d r eli ef, i n cl u di n g ar g u m e nts t h at t h e d et e nti o n vi ol at es t h e A P A a n d t h e F o urt h A m e n d m e nt t o t h e U. S. C o nstit uti o n, ar e n o w m o ot a n d u n n e c ess ar y t o r es ol v e. Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 10 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
1 1 T h e S h o w C a us e h e ari n g s c h e d ul e d f or F e br u ar y 1 7, 2 0 2 6, at 1 2: 3 0 p. m. i n t h e Alf o ns e D' A m at o U. S. C o urt h o us e is t h er ef or e a dj o ur n e d. T h e m att er is h el d i n a b e y a n c e. D at e d: C e ntr al Isli p, N e w Y or k F e br u ar y 1 3, 2 0 2 6 /s/ N usr at J. C h o u d h ur y N U S R A T J. C H O U D H U R Y U nit e d St at es Distri ct J u d g e Case 2:26-cv-00817-NJC Document 9 Filed 02/13/26 Page 11 of 11 PageID #: <pageID>
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