Harris v. Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation et al

OCR transcription for search; preserved printed pages are authoritative

Case 4:20-cv-00360-JCG Document138 Filed 01/15/26 Pagelof13

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT
FOR THE DISTRICT OF IDAHO
ZACHARY HARRIS,
Plaintiff,
Vv. Case No. 4:20-cv-00360-JCG
BECHTEL MARINE PROPULSION’ | OPINION AND ORDER
CORPORATION and FLUOR
MARINE PROPULSION, LLC,

Defendants.

This matter arises from discovery disputes in an action brought by Zachary
Harris (“Harris” or “Plaintiff’) against Defendants Bechtel Marine Propulsion
Corporation (“Bechtel’’) and Fluor Marine Propulsion, LLC (‘Fluor’) (collectively
“Defendants”’) for disability discrimination, failure to accommodate, and retaliation
under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, 42 U.S.C. § 12101, and the
Idaho Human Rights Act, Idaho Code § 67-5901, and retaliation and interference
under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, 29 U.S.C. § 2601. Compl. (Dkt.
1).

Before the Court is Plaintiff's Motion for Terminating Sanctions (“Plaintiff's
Motion”) (Dkts. 108, 109). See also Mem. Supp. Mot. Terminating Sanctions
(“PL.’s Mem.’’) (Dkt. 108-1). Defendants filed Defendants’ Memorandum of Law

in Opposition to Plaintiff's Terminating Sanctions Motion (“Defendants’

				 
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Case 4:20-cv-00360-JCG Document 138 Filed 01/15/26 Page 6 of 13

Case 4:20-cv-00360-JCG Document138 Filed 01/15/26 Page /7of13

means that her communications would be covered by the attorney-client privilege
and only require mention on Defendants’ privilege log as done previously. Id. at
12—16 (citing Opinion and Order, Dec. 17, 2024 (Dkt. 89) (conducting an in
camera review of items on Defendants’ privilege logs)). Defendants aver that
terminating sanctions are not warranted because there is insufficient evidence of
bad faith or prejudice to Plaintiff. Id. at 16-20.

The Court begins by examining the key Malone factors of prejudice to the
party seeking sanctions and the availability of less drastic sanctions. See Malone,
833 F.2d at 130. This case has involved significant delay over several years in
Defendants’ production of requested documents and emails, which has resulted in
several discovery disputes requiring involvement of the Court. See Pl.’s Mot., Ex.
A (Dkt. 108-2) (outlining the history of disputes in this action). Whether Mr.
Lewis responded to the August 2018 email with the subject “Notes from SAR
Meeting Zack Harris.docx,” and whether Mr. Erickson made or retained separate
outlines for each witness interview is inconclusive, and Defendants’ argument is
plausible that Mr. Lewis never sent a response or that Mr. Erickson did not keep
records of each interview outline absent a company policy requiring that. These
exclusions alone do not evidence prejudice to Plaintiff or indicate that Defendants
hid or destroyed evidence such that terminating sanctions are warranted. However,

the missing bus etiquette document attachment and Defendants’ delay in providing

OPINION AND ORDER — 7

Case 4:20-cv-00360-JCG Document138 Filed 01/15/26 Page 8of13

the meeting notes email attachment in native format are discrepancies without
adequate explanations and both documents appear relevant to the matters in
controversy. For example, Plaintiff contends that whether the version of the bus
etiquette guide that existed at the time of Plaintiff's termination resembled a
recommendation or an official company policy is relevant to determining whether
Plaintiff's conduct on the bus was an appropriate factor in his termination. Conf.
Trans. at 45:50—-48:17.

The non-disclosure of Ms. Rankin is also troubling to the Court. In the early
stages of the case, the Parties prepared a stipulated discovery plan and gathered
information to identify custodians with evidence that would require preservation.
Pl.’s Mem. at 3. Ms. Rankin was not identified at this stage, despite Plaintiff's
request for “[a]ny person who participated in or provided input regarding the
decision to terminate Plaintiff's employment.” Id. During discovery, Plaintiff
issued requests to Defendants to “identify each and every person known to you
who has any knowledge or who purports to have any knowledge of the facts of this
case,” and to “identify all persons who participated in or provided information
related to the decision to terminate Plaintiff and what role each person played.” Id.
Defendants aver that they were not obligated to identify Ms. Rankin because the
Parties agreed at the start of the case to limit the comparator search to the location

of Plaintiff's worksite in Idaho and Ms. Rankin works in New York. Defs.’ Resp

OPINION AND ORDER - 8

Case 4:20-cv-00360-JCG Document138 Filed 01/15/26 Page9of13

at 15—16; Conf. Trans. at 24:14—26:32, 44:05-44:54. Plaintiff represents that Ms.
Rankin’s identity was unknown at the time of that agreement, and if Plaintiff had
been aware that Defendants had a single person overseeing the consistency of
investigations and terminations across the company, Plaintiff would have never
agreed to limit the geographic scope. Conf. Trans. at 48:46—-49:37. During the
videoconference with the Court, Plaintiff requested the Court to order Defendants
to identify documents that were not preserved due to Ms. Rankin’s exclusion from
the litigation hold, however, Defendants noted that their company preservation
policy only covers a few months and this type of identification would not be
feasible. Id. at 75:04—-76:16.

The Court is persuaded that discovery was narrowed improperly and
Plaintiff was deprived of the opportunity to investigate Ms. Rankin’s role and
involvement in Plaintiffs termination and Defendants’ past treatment of
terminated employees, despite Plaintiff's diligence and thoroughness in issuing
discovery requests. Although Defendants may be correct that the nature of Ms.
Rankin’s role was likely to result in the majority of her communications being
privileged, the Court disagrees that her entire role was covered by attorney-client
privilege such that the non-disclosure of her identity is excused, because Ms.
Rankin is not an attorney and it is reasonable to conclude that some of her

documents and testimony would not be covered by attorney-client privilege. See

OPINION AND ORDER - 9

				  
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Case 4:20-cv-00360-JCG Document 138 Filed 01/15/26 Page 13 of 13