Olga De Jesus Argueta De Hernandez; v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
OLGA DE JESUS ARGUETA DE
HERNANDEZ; et al.,
Petitioners,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 17-72269
Agency Nos. A208-677-038
A208-677-039
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted January 17, 2024**
Before: S.R. THOMAS, McKEOWN, and HURWITZ, Circuit Judges.
Olga De Jesus Argueta De Hernandez and her son, natives and citizens of El
Salvador, petition for review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’ (“BIA”) order
dismissing their appeal from an immigration judge’s (“IJ”) decision denying their
applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
JAN 24 2024
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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Convention Against Torture (“CAT”). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C.
§ 1252. We review de novo questions of law. Mohammed v. Gonzales, 400 F.3d
785, 791-92 (9th Cir. 2005). We grant the petition for review and remand.
The BIA stated it found no clear error in the IJ’s determination that
petitioners did not establish that Salvadoran gangs were or would be motivated to
harm them on account of their proposed particular social groups. After the BIA’s
decision and the briefing in this case, this court held that “the BIA reviews the IJ’s
underlying factual findings, such as what a persecutor’s motive may be, for clear
error. . . . But the BIA must review de novo whether a persecutor’s motives meet
the nexus legal standards.” See Umana-Escobar v. Garland, 69 F.4th 544, 552
(9th Cir. 2023). The BIA did not have the benefit of Umana-Escobar, and it is
unclear what standard of review the BIA applied to the nexus determinations in
petitioners’ case.
Thus, we grant the petition for review as to petitioners’ asylum and
withholding of removal claims, and remand to the BIA to apply the proper
standard of review, and to conduct any other necessary further proceedings
consistent with this decision. See INS v. Ventura, 537 U.S. 12, 16-18 (2002) (per
curiam). Because petitioners do not challenge the BIA’s CAT determination, we
do not address it. See Lopez-Vasquez v. Holder, 706 F.3d 1072, 1079-80 (9th Cir.
2013).

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Each party must bear its own costs for this petition for review.
The temporary stay of removal remains in place until the mandate issues.
PETITION FOR REVIEW GRANTED; REMANDED.

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