Jaswinder Singh Dhindsa v. MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney General

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
JASWINDER SINGH DHINDSA,
Petitioner,
v.
MERRICK B. GARLAND, Attorney
General,
Respondent.
No. 21-1121
Agency No.
A087-845-161
MEMORANDUM*
On Petition for Review of an Order of the
Board of Immigration Appeals
Submitted June 28, 2023**
Pasadena, California
Before: N.R. SMITH, LEE, and VANDYKE, Circuit Judges.
Petitioner seeks review of a Board of Immigration Appeals’s (BIA)
decision dismissing his appeal from an Immigration Judge’s (IJ) decision denying
his applications for asylum, withholding of removal, and protection under the
Convention Against Torture (CAT). We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252,
and we deny the petition. We assume familiarity with the underlying facts and
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except
as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without
oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).
FILED
JUN 30 2023
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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arguments in this appeal.
We review factual findings underpinning the denial of asylum,
withholding of removal, and protection under the CAT under the deferential
“substantial evidence” standard. INS v. Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. 478, 481
(1992); 8 U.S.C. § 1252(b)(4)(B). To reverse the BIA’s finding under substantial
evidence review, we “must find that the evidence not only supports [a contrary]
conclusion, but compels it.” Elias-Zacarias, 502 U.S. at 481 n.1.
First, the agency did not err in determining that Petitioner did not suffer
past persecution. This court’s decisions support the agency’s determination that
a single incident of detention and physical harm from which Petitioner suffered
bruises and abrasions, and no other injuries, did not constitute persecution. See
Sharma v. Garland, 9 F.4th 1052, 1063–64 (9th Cir. 2021); Gu v. Gonzalez, 454
F.3d 1014, 1018–21 (9th Cir. 2006).
Second, the record does not compel the conclusion that Petitioner has a
well-founded fear of future persecution. Petitioner now argues for the first time
and without evidence that the police who took bribes for his release in 2008 would
persecute him out of fear that he would report them. But not only is that
unexhausted argument not properly before this court, 8 U.S.C. § 1252(d)(1),
Petitioner has ultimately not presented “objectively reasonable” evidence that the
Indian government is in fact still interested in him after his encounter over a
decade ago in 2008. See Lanza v. Ashcroft, 389 F.3d 917, 923, 934–35 (9th Cir.
2004). The harm he suffered was long ago, the role Petitioner played in the Mann

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party was admittedly minor, and country conditions evidence in the record does
not support a well-founded fear of future persecution. And although Petitioner
has argued that he would be easy to find through his tax filings in India, he has
not presented evidence compelling the conclusion that, as a Sikh or member of
the Mann party, he will in fact be targeted in the future. Because Petitioner failed
to establish his eligibility for asylum by showing a well-founded fear of future
persecution, he necessarily failed to establish his eligibility for relief under the
more stringent standard for withholding of removal that requires showing a clear
probability of such persecution. See INS v. Cardoza-Fonseca, 480 U.S. 421, 449
(1987); Fisher v. INS, 79 F.3d 955, 960–61 (9th Cir. 1996) (en banc).
Third, Petitioner’s CAT claim fails. Petitioner has not shown past
persecution, and “[t]he lack of past persecution, a lesser harm than torture,
necessarily encompasses a lack of past torture.” See Rivera Vega v. Garland, 39
F.4th 1146, 1158 (9th Cir. 2022). Petitioner also fails to show that he would be
unable to safely relocate within India. 8 C.F.R. § 1208.16(c)(3)(i)–(ii).
PETITION DENIED.

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