United States of America v. TAM QUANG DO, AKA Kevin, AKA Tom, AKA Tony

NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee,
v.
TAM QUANG DO, AKA Kevin, AKA
Tom, AKA Tony,
Defendant - Appellant.
No. 14-30151
D.C. No. 2:13-cr-00066-LRS-1
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Eastern District of Washington
Lonny R. Suko, District Judge, Presiding
Submitted September 2, 2015**
Seattle, Washington
Before: HAWKINS, GOULD, and N.R. SMITH, Circuit Judges.
Defendant-Appellant Tam Do appeals his conviction and sentence. He was
convicted of conspiracy to commit wire fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1349,
wire fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1343, aggravated identity theft in violation
FILED
SEP 22 2015
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS
* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision
without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2).

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of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A, and odometer fraud in violation of 49 U.S.C. § 32703(2)
and § 32709(b). We have jurisdiction under 28 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm.
Do contends that the district court: (1) improperly admitted evidence of Do’s
2010 conviction for odometer fraud, aggravated identity theft, and mail fraud; (2)
failed to give a sufficient limiting instruction to overcome the prejudicial effect of
Do’s prior conviction; and (3) improperly denied Do’s motion for mistrial after
inadmissible hearsay testimony was presented to the jury. We review each of these
actions for abuse of discretion, which “requires us to uphold a district court
determination that falls within a broad range of permissible conclusions, provided
the district court did not apply the law erroneously.” Kode v. Carlson, 596 F.3d
608, 612 (9th Cir. 2010) (per curiam). We hold that the district court did not abuse
its discretion.
First, the district court did not abuse its discretion in admitting Do’s
previous conviction under Federal Rule of Evidence 404(b)(2).1 Contrary to Do’s
1 In order for evidence to be properly admitted under Federal Rule of
Evidence 404(b)(2), the government has the burden of proving: “(1) the evidence
tends to prove a material point; (2) the other act is not too remote in time; (3) the
evidence is sufficient to support a finding that defendant committed the other act;
and (4) (in certain cases) the act is similar to the offense charged.” United States v.
Bailey, 696 F.3d 794, 799 (9th Cir. 2012) (quoting United States v. Romero, 282
F.3d 683, 688 (9th Cir. 2002)). Do does not contend that the evidence was
improperly admitted under this test.
2

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contention that the conviction should have been excluded under Federal Rule of
Evidence 403, the district court properly considered whether the probative value
was substantially outweighed by unfair prejudice. Fed. R. Evid. 403. We will
uphold the district court’s Federal Rule of Evidence 403 analysis, so long as it is
based on a review of the record, and the district court properly considered Rule
403’s requirements. United States v. Rrapi, 175 F.3d 742, 749 (9th Cir. 1999).
The record does not support Do’s argument. The district court explicitly and
repeatedly balanced the probative nature of Tam Do’s previous conviction against
any unfair prejudice, limiting the amount of conviction information the
government could present to the jury.
The district court also did not abuse its discretion when it chose not to use
Do’s proposed limiting instructions. District courts have substantial latitude in
tailoring jury instructions, so long as the instructions “‘fairly and adequately cover
the issues presented, correctly state the law, and are not misleading.’” Gilbrook v.
City of Westminster, 177 F.3d 839, 860 (9th Cir. 1999) (quoting Chuman v. Wright,
76 F.3d 292, 294 (9th Cir. 1996)). Using similar language to the Ninth Circuit’s
Model Criminal Jury Instruction 4.3, the district court properly instructed the jury
on what grounds Do’s prior conviction could be considered.
3

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Finally, the district court did not abuse its discretion when it denied Do’s
motion for mistral after inadmissible hearsay testimony was presented to the jury.
Do argues that Special Agent Branham’s hearsay testimony linking two odometer
receipts to “Pete’s Independent Honda Repair” and to Do was so prejudicial that a
limiting instruction to disregard the testimony was insufficient to overcome the
harm done. We disagree. Here, evidence on the record already supported an
inference that Do was connected to Pete’s Independent Honda, allowing the jury to
make the very conclusions that Do argues were so prejudicial. The district court’s
decision to deny Do’s motion and give the jury limiting instructions instead was
not an abuse of discretion.
AFFIRMED.
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