Logan Barrowes v. Aetna Health of California, Inc.

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
LOGAN BARROWES,
Plaintiff - Appellant,
v.
AETNA HEALTH OF CALIFORNIA,
INC.,
Defendant - Appellee.
No. 10-55795
D.C. No. 2:08-cv-08659-R-PJW
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Central District of California
Manuel L. Real, District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted March 8, 2012
Pasadena, California
Before: THOMAS, WARDLAW, and BERZON, Circuit Judges.
Logan Barrowes appeals the district court’s order affirming Aetna’s denial
of coverage for surgery to remove a brain tumor. Because Aetna abused its
discretion in concluding that the surgery was not an “emergency service” covered
FILED
MAR 16 2012
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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by the plan, Kearney v. Standard Ins. Co., 175 F.3d 1084, 1089 (9th Cir. 1999) (en
banc), we reverse.
The plan provides that out-of-network emergency services are covered if
“the Member’s symptoms were such that a prudent layperson, possessing average
knowledge of health and medicine could reasonably expect the absence of
immediate medical attention to result in serious jeopardy to the Member’s health.”
Barrowes was told by doctors who examined him in a hospital in Irvine, California,
that he had a tumor in his brain that could rupture and blind or kill him if he did not
have it removed immediately. A prudent layperson, given this information, would
certainly think that he needed to arrange for surgery as quickly as possible.
Aetna argues that Dr. Duma, an in-network neurosurgeon, could have
provided immediate medical attention. That is clearly not so. Dr. Duma was
definitely not available to consult over the Labor Day weekend. Given Barrowes’s
hemophilia, surgery would have to be further delayed while blood treatment
occurred. A reasonable layperson would therefore seek to begin the treatment if at
all possible over the holiday weekend, so as to have the operation as soon
thereafter as possible.
Aetna maintains that it was nonetheless entitled to deny coverage for the
operation because the record does not establish that Dr. Duma would not have

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agreed to consult with Barrowes on the doctor’s first day in the office and to
schedule surgery as soon as the medical circumstances allowed thereafter. Aetna’s
reliance on this record gap to support denial of benefits is arbitrary and capricious.
The relevant consideration is whether, given the emergent situation, Barrowes had
any means of assuring himself in advance that Dr. Duma would be able to make
him a priority on his return on Tuesday. Absolutely nothing in the record indicates
that Barrowes had that assurance at the time he decided to go to Utah, where he
was able to obtain immediate medical care due to his relation to a physician. Even
now, nothing in the record confirms that Dr. Duma would have actually seen
Barrowes on September 4, 2007, or operated as soon thereafter as medically
appropriate. Furthermore, Barrowes was referred to Dr. Reichman in Utah by his
primary care physician, Dr. Tsai. Setting aside the argument that this referral was
operative under the plan, Barrowes at least acted as a reasonable layperson in
relying on his primary care physician’s advice that he travel to Utah for surgery.
Moreover, even assuming that Barrowes could have known that Dr. Duma
was available to treat him on September 4th, that is still a full day after Barrowes
saw Dr. Reichman in Utah and began preparing for surgery. Thus, however one
looks at the matter, Barrowes obtained the essential operation at least a day sooner
than he would have had he stayed in California. A reasonable lay person told that

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his sight, or his life, could be lost in that day would not have waited for Dr. Duma
if he had any alternative.
Barrowes therefore acted reasonably in determining that seeing a doctor in
Utah arranged by his relative was the only way to ensure “immediate medical
attention” for his life-threatening tumor, thereby avoiding “serious jeopardy” to his
health. Aetna mistakenly regarded the record vacuum as to Dr. Duma’s actual
availability as somehow a basis for denying coverage for the services performed in
Utah, rather than as establishing that Barrowes met the contract’s standard for
coverage for emergency services by seeking an assured alternative, and ignored the
critical consideration that medical care sooner—including one day sooner—is
better than later when one’s very life is at stake. Because it ignored the relevant
considerations that a prudent layperson would take into account in deciding
whether to seek out-of-network emergency care, Aetna abused its discretion in
concluding that Barrowes was not entitled to coverage under the policy’s
emergency services provision.
REVERSED.

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