Sergei V. Korolev v. ROBERT A. HOREL, Warden

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent
except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.
** The Honorable Timothy M. Tymkovich, United States Circuit Judge for
the Tenth Circuit, sitting by designation.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT
SERGEI V. KOROLEV,
Petitioner - Appellant,
v.
ROBERT A. HOREL, Warden,
Respondent - Appellee.
No. 08-16509
D.C. No. 3:05-CV-04992-MMC
MEMORANDUM*
Appeal from the United States District Court
for the Northern District of California
Maxine M. Chesney, Senior District Judge, Presiding
Argued and Submitted June 17, 2010
San Francisco, California
Before: HAWKINS, FISHER, and TYMKOVICH, ** Circuit Judges.
Sergei V. Korolev (“Korolev”) appeals the dismissal of his habeas petition as
untimely under the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996
(“AEDPA”), 28 U.S.C. § 2244(d), claiming that either his petition was timely when
FILED
JUL 02 2010
MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK
U.S. COURT OF APPEALS

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filed under existing Ninth Circuit precedent or that he is entitled to equitable tolling.
We affirm.
The district court correctly held that the statute of limitations was not statutorily
tolled pursuant to Bunney v. Mitchell, 262 F.3d 973 (9th Cir. 2001). Although Bunney
held that a California Supreme Court decision denying a state habeas petition was not
final until thirty days after the decision was filed, it was based on a prior version of
the California Rules of Court. The California Rule was amended effective January 1,
2003, to make clear that a denial of a writ is final immediately upon filing. See Cal.
Rules of Court, Rule 8.532.
Nor does Bunney justify equitable tolling of the statute. Korolev attempts to
rely on Harris v. Carter, 515 F.3d 1051 (9th Cir. 2008), in which we permitted
equitable tolling because the petitioner had waited in reliance on an existing Ninth
Circuit precedent that was overruled by the Supreme Court only after it became too
late for him to comply with the altered deadline. See Dictado v. Ducharme, 244 F.3d
724, 727-28 (9th Cir. 2001), overruled by Pace v. DiGulielmo, 544 U.S. 408, 417
(2005). In Harris, the underlying circuit precedent that was later overruled (Dictado)
was interpreting federal law; reliance on Dictado was reasonable because nothing
undercut its interpretation until the Supreme Court ruled in Pace. See Harris, 515
F.3d at 1055. Our decision in Bunney, however, turned entirely on state law. As

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1 Korolev argues that we later reaffirmed Bunney in an en banc decision, Allen
v. Lewis, 295 F.3d 1046 (9th Cir. 2002) (en banc); however, Allen was a 2002 case,
so the habeas petition was necessarily filed before the effective date of the new rule
and has no application here.
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noted above, these state rules were amended effective January 1, 2003 – nearly two
years before Korolev’s petition was filed – thus undermining the basis of Bunney.
Cal. Rules of Court, Rule 8.532(b)(2)(C); see Corjasso v. Ayers, 278 F.3d 874, 880
n.1 (9th Cir. 2002) (applying former rule because it was in effect at the time, but
recognizing proposed change in law).1 Despite the lack of “red-flag” or “yellow-flag”
treatment of Bunney by Westlaw or Lexis at the time of filing, because the change in
law had already occurred, any research into the basis of that opinion would have
revealed the change in the California rule. See Lawrence v. Florida, 549 U.S. 327,
336-37 (2007) (“Attorney miscalculation is simply not sufficient to warrant equitable
tolling, particularly in the postconviction context where prisoners have no
constitutional right to counsel.”); see also Holland v. Florida, No. 09-5327, 2010 WL
2346549, at *13-14 (U.S. June 14, 2010) (gross attorney misconduct might justify
equitable tolling, but not “garden variety” miscalculation of deadlines).
Turning to Korolev’s other arguments for equitable tolling, “a litigant seeking
equitable tolling bears the burden of establishing two elements: (1) that he has been
pursuing his rights diligently, and (2) that some extraordinary circumstance stood in

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his way.” Pace, 544 U.S. at 418. Whether the petitioner is proceeding pro se is
relevant, though “a pro se petitioner’s confusion or ignorance of the law is not, itself,
a circumstance warranting equitable tolling.” Waldron-Ramsey v. Pacholke, 556 F.3d
1008, 1013 n.4 (9th Cir. 2009).
Here, although Korolev had not technically engaged his counsel to represent
him in the federal proceedings until after the federal petition was filed, he was
represented by the same counsel in filing his state petition and admits that this counsel
assisted in the preparation of the federal petition (preparing it, mailing it to him for
signature, and getting it filed). See Stillman v. LaMarque, 319 F.3d 1199, 1201 (9th
Cir. 2003) (“When a lawyer prepares legal documents on behalf of a prisoner and
arranges for those documents to be signed and filed, the prisoner is not proceeding
without assistance of counsel.”). On this record, the district court did not err in
determining that Korolev was “proceeding with the assistance of counsel.”
Korolev alleges that a number of factors collectively rendered him unable to
timely pursue his rights, including mental illness and an inability to communicate well
in English or to obtain Russian materials. Korolev has nonetheless not demonstrated
that these impediments were causally related to his untimely filing, especially because
Korolev did not personally prepare the petition. See Spitsyn v. Moore, 345 F.3d 796,
799 (9th Cir. 2003) (“The prisoner must show that the ‘extraordinary circumstances’

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were the cause of his untimeliness.” (emphasis added)). Korolev’s cursory allegations
of causation are belied by the record, in which counsel was able to file a state petition
one day before the expiration of the AEDPA limitations period. Korolev also
promptly signed and returned the federal petition prepared by counsel, and admitted
that he did provide input in connection with the habeas investigation and the petition.
The district court, which gave Korolev an opportunity to amend his petition to clarify
a connection between his disabilities and his untimely filing, correctly concluded that
Korolev’s alleged extraordinary circumstances did not in fact contribute to the
untimely filing and cannot serve as a basis for equitable tolling.
AFFIRMED.

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