Chicago, Illinois 60604 Argued August 8, 2006 Decided October 12, 2006 Before Hon.… v. No. 1:04-cv-01446-RLY-WTL JO ANNE B. BARNHART

United States Court of Appeals
For the Seventh Circuit
Chicago, Illinois 60604
Argued August 8, 2006
Decided October 12, 2006
Before
Hon. DANIEL A. MANION, Circuit Judge
Hon. ILANA DIAMOND ROVNER, Circuit Judge
Hon. DIANE S. SYKES, Circuit Judge
No. 05-3755
LARRY R. MOGG, Appeal from the United States District
Plaintiff-Appellant, Court for the Southern District of
Indiana, Indianapolis Division.
v.
No. 1:04-cv-01446-RLY-WTL
JO ANNE B. BARNHART,
Defendant-Appellee. Richard L. Young,
Judge.
O R D E R
Larry Mogg filed for disability insurance benefits and supplemental security
income under the Social Security Act (“the Act”), 42 U.S.C. §§ 416(I), 423,
1382(a)(3)(A), claiming that he suffered from various debilitating ailments. The
administrative law judge found that Mogg failed to show that his ailments rose to
the level of being disabling under the Act. The appeals council denied Mogg’s
request for review, and Mogg appealed to the district court, which affirmed the
Commissioner’s denial of benefits. We vacate and remand because the ALJ did not
adequately explain why Mogg’s ailments did not meet a disability listed in the
Social Security regulations.
In January 2002, Mogg filed for disability insurance benefits and social
security supplemental income, claiming that he suffered from osteoarthritis in his
knees, degenerative arthritis in his spine, a bone spur on his right shoulder, and an
UNPUBLISHED ORDER
Not to be cited per Circuit Rule 53

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unspecified “depressive disorder.” Mogg’s claim was initially denied, and he
requested and received a hearing before an ALJ. At the time of the hearing, Mogg
was 47 years old, had a high school education, and had worked as a plumber for 22
years in New Castle, Indiana.
Mogg testified on his own behalf to support his claim, stating that his
ailments caused knee, back, and shoulder pain which prevented him from lifting
more than 20 pounds, and that he was unable to walk without a cane. Even with
the assistance of a cane, he asserted, the pain limited him to walking less than 100
feet at once. His knee and back problems prevented him from doing his plumbing
job, which often required him to stoop, crawl into tight areas, and work in awkward
positions. In all, Mogg claimed that the pain forced him to undertake as little
activity as possible.
Mogg supplemented his testimony with medical records that detailed the
treatment he sought for his ailments. According to these records, beginning in
January 2001 he sought treatment for pain on the right side of his neck and right
shoulder. Examinations at that time revealed mild degenerative arthritis in his
upper back and mild muscle atrophy in his right arm. Mogg again sought
treatment in December 2001 from his primary care physician, Dr. Paul Stricker,
this time for pain in his back, shoulder, and knees; an x-ray of the right knee
revealed degenerative arthritis. Upon request Dr. Stricker gave to Mogg “a slip
stating that he was unable to work” until he could undergo further evaluation on
his knee by Dr. Thomas Mathews, an orthopedic surgeon. After this evaluation the
only course of treatment suggested for Mogg’s right knee was knee replacement, but
doctors were hesitant to undergo this procedure because of his relatively young age.
Subsequent consultative examinations confirmed that Mogg suffered from
osteoarthritis in his knees. Dr. Qing Jia, a medical consultant who examined Mogg
in 2002, stated in a medical report that, even if he used an assistive device, Mogg
could not stand or walk for a two-hour period, and probably could not lift or carry
ten pounds or less when walking. Likewise, a residual functional capacity (“RFC”)
assessment completed by the Indiana Family & Social Services Administration
stated that Mogg could work eight hours a day only “in a seated position with an
occasional standing or ambulatory position.” The assessment also stated that
Mogg’s claims regarding “the functional limitations imposed by these symptoms”
were “fully credible because they are reasonably well supported by appropriate
medical findings and are not inconsistent with the overall evidence in file.”
Dr. Mathews himself completed two RFC assessments during this time. In
the first assessment completed in July 2002, he concluded that Mogg suffered from
“moderately severe arthritis” in his right knee, and could stand or walk only for a
total of two hours during an eight-hour period. Dr. Mathews also concluded that

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No. 05-3755 Page 3
Mogg could “occasionally” bend, squat, crawl, climb, stoop, balance, kneel, or crouch.
In the second RFC assessment completed in June 2003, Dr. Mathews found that
Mogg’s ailments worsened. Dr. Mathews noted that Mogg suffered from painful
osteoarthritis in his knees and degenerative arthritis in his back and neck. Dr.
Mathews further opined that Mogg could not stand for more than 45 minutes to an
hour, could not climb more than two flights of stairs twice a day, and could not lift
more than 20 pounds at a time.
At the hearing, the ALJ solicited the opinion of a medical expert (“ME”) who
agreed that Mogg suffered from osteoarthritis in the right knee. Despite Mogg’s
osteoarthritis, the ME stated that Mogg’s impairments did not meet Listing
1.02—for a major dysfunction of a weight-bearing joint—because: (1) Mogg did not
use a device that required both arms to assist him in walking, and (2) Mogg was
functional in activities of daily living. The ME also stated that Mogg did not meet
Listing 1.04—for a spinal disorder—because recent examinations revealed no
current serious ailment, though he added that Mogg’s back ailment could have met
the listing when it was first diagnosed.
The ALJ next questioned a vocational expert (“VE”) regarding the type of
work Mogg could perform despite his ailments. He asked the VE if a “48-year-old
man with a high school education, and a residual functional capacity to perform
sedentary work” could perform work as a plumber. When the VE replied “No,” the
ALJ asked what work an individual could do if that individual suffered from Mogg’s
ailments. The VE replied that the man could perform “sedentary” jobs such as
cashier (13,818 jobs available in Indiana), assembler (6,642), truck driver (3,715),
inspector (1,489), or hand sorter (207).
In his decision, the ALJ applied the five-step analysis, see 20 C.F.R.
§ 404.1520(a)(4)(i)-(v), and found that: Mogg had not engaged in substantial gainful
employment since the alleged onset of his ailments (Step One), and that his
ailments limited his ability to perform work (Step Two). But the ALJ adopted the
ME’s conclusions to determine that Mogg’s impairments neither met nor were
medically equivalent to any medical listing in Appendix 1, Subpart P, Regulation
No. 4 (Step Three). The ALJ then determined that Mogg was unable to work as a
plumber, but retained an RFC to perform “light work” (Step Four). The ALJ went
on to find that there was a significant number of “light, unskilled jobs” that Mogg
could perform, including truck driver, assembler, inspector, hand sorter, or cashier
(Step Five).
After the Appeals Council denied Mogg’s request for review, Mogg appealed
to the district court, which affirmed the denial of benefits. In reaching this decision,
the district court noted that, even though the ALJ “did not specifically discuss
Listings 1.02 and 1.04 in his decision, he did state that the [ME] at the hearing

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1 Listing 1.02(A) states that a dysfunction of lower joints constitutes a
disability if it involves “one major peripheral weight-bearing joint (i.e., hip, knee, or
ankle), resulting in inability to ambulate effectively” without the use of a hand-held
assistive device(s)—such as canes, crutches, or walkers—that limits the functioning
of both arms. See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P., App. 1.02(A), 1.00(B)(3)(b).
2 Listing 1.04(A) states that a spinal disorder qualifies as a disability if
there is “[e]vidence of nerve root compression characterized by neuro-anatomic
distribution of pain, limitation of motion of the spine, motor loss (atrophy with
associated muscle weakness or muscle weakness) accompanied by sensory or reflex
loss.” See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P., App. 1.04(A).
testified that Mogg’s impairments did not meet nor were medically equal to any
Listing.”
On appeal Mogg challenges the ALJ’s Step Three finding that his ailments do
not meet or equal a listed impairment; in so concluding, the ALJ stated merely:
Considering the evidence of record, as summarized above, I conclude that
the claimant has impairments of osteoarthritis of the knees, degenerative
arthritis of the cervical spine at C3-4 and C5-6, a spur on the right
shoulder acromion, and a depressive disorder NOS. The claimant’s
impairment of mild right carpal tunnel syndrome would not impose any
significant limitation upon his ability to work. At step three of the
sequential evaluation, the severity of the claimant’s impairments, singly
or in combination, does not meet or medically equal any one of the
impairments listed in Appendix 1 to Subpart P of Regulations No. 4,
according to the testimony of the [ME] at the hearing.
Mogg asserts that this conclusion was flawed because the ALJ did not explicitly cite
the pertinent Social Security listings—Listing 1.021 and Listing 1.04. 2 Mogg adds
that the ALJ’s analysis “ignored, misstated or rejected all of the other evidence”
showing that his ailments met the listings. He points, for instance, to the slip that
Dr. Stricker gave him saying that he did not have to work while awaiting further
treatment. Mogg also cites Dr. Jia’s report, the Indiana Family & Social Services
Administration’s RFC assessment, and Dr. Mathews’s June 2003 RFC assessment,
all of which contain evidence supporting his claim that his ailments meet or equal
the Social Security listings.
We are limited to determining in disability cases whether the Commissioner’s
final decision is “both supported by substantial evidence and based on the proper
legal criteria.” Scheck v. Barnhart, 357 F.3d 697, 699 (7th Cir. 2004) (internal

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quotation marks omitted). We will “conduct a critical review of the evidence,”
considering both the evidence that supports, as well as the evidence that detracts
from, the Commissioner’s decision, and the decision cannot stand if it lacks “an
adequate discussion of the issues.” Lopez ex rel. Lopez v. Barnhart, 336 F.3d 535,
539 (7th Cir. 2003) (internal quotation marks omitted). In reviewing Step Three
determinations, an ALJ should mention by name the specific listings he is
considering; his failure to do so, if combined with a “perfunctory analysis,” requires
remand. See Ribaudo v. Barnhart, 458 F.3d 580, 583 (7th Cir. 2006); Barnett v.
Barnhart, 381 F.3d 664, 668 (7th Cir. 2004); Brindisi ex rel. Brindisi v. Barnhart,
315 F.3d 783, 786 (7th Cir. 2003).
The Commissioner concedes that the ALJ failed to reference the pertinent
Social Security listings in its decision, but goes on to assert that the ALJ’s omission
was harmless because the ALJ referenced the ME’s testimony in his findings.
According to the Commissioner, because the ME mentioned Listings 1.02 and 1.04
in his testimony, we can “trace” the ALJ’s “path of reasoning” to determine what
listings the ALJ was referring to, and accordingly discern how the ALJ determined
that Mogg’s ailments did not meet those listings.
But the ALJ’s “path of reasoning” cannot be traced. Not only did the ALJ fail
to specify the relevant Social Security listings, his perfunctory Step Three analysis
failed to explain why Mogg’s ailments did not meet or equal a medical listing. See
Ribaudo, 458 F.3d at 583. For instance, the ALJ refused to consider Dr. Stricker’s
slip excusing Mogg from work—solely because Mogg himself had requested it. Yet
that slip reflected Dr. Stricker’s finding that Mogg could not ambulate effectively
due to the degenerative arthritis in his knees—a finding that would support Mogg’s
claim that his knee ailments met Listing 1.02. See 20 C.F.R. Pt. 404, Subpt. P.,
App. 1.02(A). Additionally, the ALJ erred by rejecting without adequate
explanation Dr. Jia’s report, the Indiana Family & Social Services Administration’s
RFC assessment, and Dr. Mathews’s June 2003 RFC assessment—all documents
showing that Mogg could not ambulate effectively according to Listing 1.02, and
that the movement of his spine was limited according to Listing 1.04. See 20 C.F.R.
Pt. 404, Subpt. P., App. 1.02(A); 1.04(A). The ALJ stated that he rejected these
documents because they were “not in complete agreement with Dr. Mathews’s [July
2002 RFC assessment].” But the ALJ did not articulate: (1) why the evidence had
to be “in complete agreement” with Dr. Mathews’s July 2002 assessment before he
would consider it; (2) why he credited Dr. Mathews over Dr. Jia; or (3) why he
thought that Dr. Mathews’s more recent report was less relevant or less credible
than his older report. See Brindisi, 315 F.3d at 787 (“We recognize that even a
‘sketchy opinion’ is sufficient if it assures us that an ALJ considered the important
evidence and enables us to trace its reasoning. But in this case, the conclusory and
conflated analysis prevents this court from finding that substantial evidence
supports the ALJ’s conclusions.” (internal citation omitted)); Clifford v. Apfel, 227

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F.3d 863, 871 (7th Cir. 2000) (concluding that ALJ failed to “minimally articulate
his reasons” for rejecting evidence of disability when he “did not explain why
[medical evidence was] necessarily inconsistent with [doctor’s] finding regarding the
disabling effect of [claimant’s] combined hand osteoarthritis and paresthesisas”).
Although the ALJ was not required to mention every piece of evidence in the
record, see Rice v. Barnhart, 384 F.3d 363, 371 (7th Cir. 2004), his failure here to
evaluate properly evidence that potentially supported Mogg’s claim does not provide
much assurance that he adequately examined whether Mogg’s ailments met or
equaled a Social Security listing at Step Three of his analysis, see Ribaudo, 458
F.3d at 583-84, Brindisi, 315 F.3d at 786 (criticizing ALJ’s failure to discuss
conflicting evidence at Step Three inquiry). The decision of the district court is thus
VACATED and the case REMANDED to the Social Security Administration so the
agency can conduct a more thorough analysis of the evidence at Step Three.

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