United States of America v. Anthony Thomas

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 13a1019n.06
No. 13-1206
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
ANTHONY THOMAS,
Defendant-Appellant.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COURT FOR THE WESTERN
DISTRICT OF MICHIGAN
BEFORE: BOGGS and ROGERS, Circuit Judges; STEEH, District Judge.*
PER CURIAM. Anthony Thomas, a federal prisoner, appeals through counsel the sentence
imposed following his guilty plea to charges of possession of a firearm by a felon and possession
with intent to distribute heroin.
Thomas was sentenced under the Armed Career Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e),
because he had three prior convictions “for a violent felony or a serious drug offense, or both.”
18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(1). This resulted in a guidelines sentencing range of 188 to 235 months of
imprisonment. Without the ACCA, his sentencing range would have been 57 to 71 months. Thomas
argued below that his conviction of fleeing and eluding was not a crime of violence and that the
“residual clause” of 18 U.S.C. § 924(e)(2)(B)(ii), which defines a violent felony as one that
*The Honorable George Caram Steeh III, United States District Judge for the Eastern District
of Michigan, sitting by designation.

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No. 13-1206
United States v. Thomas
“involves conduct that presents a serious potential risk of physical injury to another,” is void for
vagueness. The district court rejected these arguments and sentenced Thomas to 188 months of
imprisonment. Thomas repeats his arguments on appeal.
We review de novo a district court’s determination that a defendant is an armed career
criminal. United States v. Doyle, 678 F.3d 429, 431 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 133 S. Ct. 456 (2012).
The district court’s conclusion was in conformity with precedent from both the Supreme Court and
this circuit. See Sykes v. United States, 131 S. Ct. 2267, 2277 (2011) (holding that vehicle flight is
a violent felony for purposes of the ACCA); United States v. Young, 580 F.3d 373, 377, 381 (6th Cir.
2009) (holding that the Michigan offense of fleeing and eluding is a violent felony for purposes of
the ACCA).
We also review de novo a challenge to the constitutionality of a statute. United States v.
Bowers, 594 F.3d 522, 527 (6th Cir. 2010). Again, the district court’s conclusion that the residual
clause is not unconstitutionally vague comports with precedent of the Supreme Court and this
circuit. See Sykes, 131 S. Ct. at 2277 (holding that the ACCA provides guidance that allows a
person to conform his conduct to the law); James v. United States, 550 U.S. 192, 210 n.6 (2007);
United States v. Taylor, 696 F.3d 628, 633 (6th Cir. 2012).
Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment.
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