K. Leeman, a minor v. Commissioner of Social Security

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 11a0812n.06
No. 10-1854
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
K. LEEMAN, a minor,
Plaintiff-Appellant,
v.
COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,
Defendant-Appellee.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED
STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR
THE WESTERN DISTRICT OF
MICHIGAN
Before: KENNEDY, GIBBONS, and KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judges.
KETHLEDGE, Circuit Judge. In February 2005, K. Leeman’s parents took him to see a
psychologist. They reported that Leeman was an aggressive six-year-old with a history of
hyperactivity and poor academic performance. The psychologist referred Leeman to Dr. Sarabjit
Tokhie for long-term therapy. Dr. Tokhie diagnosed Leeman with attention deficit disorder and
oppositional defiant disorder. Around the same time, Leeman’s parents filed an application for
disability benefits.
School records for the following years reveal problems completing assignments, staying
organized, socializing, and behaving. Yet those records were not uniformly bad. A progress report
for the 2006–2007 academic year, for instance, said that Leeman had “worked hard” to control

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No. 10-1854
Leeman v. SSA
himself and that he had “done a great job both academically and with his behavior.” And in January
2008, Leeman’s parents said they had not received any recent complaints from Leeman’s school.
In July 2008, an ALJ ruled on Leeman’s disability application. The ALJ initially determined
that Leeman’s ailments caused Leeman more than “minimal functional limitations,” a necessary
prerequisite to receiving benefits. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.924(c), (d). But the ALJ then found that
those ailments did not result in “marked limitations”—meaning “more than moderate” but “less than
extreme” limitations—in “two domains of functioning,” as the regulations required. See 20 C.F.R.
§ 416.926a(a), (e)(2)(i). He discounted a report by Dr. Tokhie that Leeman suffered marked
limitations in three domains: acquiring and using information, attending and completing tasks, and
interacting with others. Instead, the ALJ concluded that Leeman suffered a marked limitation in only
one, interacting with others.
Leeman says the ALJ should have deferred to Dr. Tokhie’s opinion that Leeman’s ability to
attend and complete tasks is markedly limited. He notes that treating-physician opinions deserve
great weight. See Gaskins v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 280 F. App’x 472, 474 (6th Cir. 2008). And yet,
he argues, the ALJ perfunctorily rejected Dr. Tokhie’s opinion on the unsupported theory that school
records show that Leeman was “stable” and showed “improvement.”
We conclude that substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s decision to discount Dr. Tokhie’s
opinion. See Francis v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 414 F. App’x 802, 805–06 (6th Cir. 2011). ALJs may
discount treating-physician opinions that are inconsistent with substantial evidence in the record, like
the physician’s own treatment notes. See Payne v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 402 F. App’x 109, 112–13
(6th Cir. 2010); Gaskins, 280 F. App’x at 475. And the ALJ here specifically pointed to Dr.

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Leeman v. SSA
Tokhie’s treatment notes in rejecting Dr. Tokhie’s opinion. For instance, Dr. Tokhie noted that
Leeman showed “good concentration, attention, and focus.” See A.R. 232, 236, 238, 250. He also
said that Leeman was “coherent” and had good eye contact. See A.R. 238, 242, 245. And Dr.
Tokhei observed that Leeman’s academic performance was improving—hardly a characteristic of
someone with trouble attending and completing tasks. See § 416.926a(h)(2)(iv).
The ALJ might have added that Leeman swam and did an “age appropriate job” taking out
the trash, vacuuming, and folding clothes. See Heston v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 245 F.3d 528, 535
(6th Cir. 2008). In contrast, children with attention problems struggle to participate in group sports
and complete chores. See 20 C.F.R. § 416.926a(h)(2)(iv).
Leeman responds that a consulting physician, Dr. John Jeter, “affirmed the very diagnoses
relied upon by the treating physician.” But this argument is beside the point: The ALJ disagreed with
Dr. Tokhei’s view of the severity of Leeman’s condition, not Dr. Tokhei’s diagnosis. Moreover,
another consultant, Dr. Paul Liu, specifically opined that Leeman suffered no marked limitations.
We affirm the district court’s judgment.

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