Joseph Liberto v. SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE, et al., v. A.C. GILLESS, Sheriff, individually

*The Honorable Karen Caldwell, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of Kentucky, sitting
by designation.
NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION
File Name: 04a0038n.06
Filed: October 20, 2004
Case No. 03-5290
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT
JOSEPH LIBERTO,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
SHELBY COUNTY, TENNESSEE, et al.,
v.
A.C. GILLESS, Sheriff, individually and in
his official capacity as Sheriff of Shelby
County, Tennessee; MARRON HOPKINS,
individually and in his official capacity as Jail
Director of the Shelby County Jail,
Defendants-Appellants.
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ON APPEAL FROM THE
UNITED STATES DISTRICT
COURT FOR THE WESTERN
DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE
BEFORE: BATCHELDER and MOORE, Circuit Judges; CALDWELL*, District Judge.
ALICE M. BATCHELDER, Circuit Judge. Defendants A.C. Gilless and Marron Hopkins
appeal the district court’s orders denying their motion for summary judgment and their motion for
reconsideration and for qualified immunity in this 42 U.S.C. § 1983 action for violation of plaintiff
Joseph Liberto’s civil rights while he was incarcerated in the Shelby County Jail. The sole issue on
appeal is whether the district court erred in denying these defendants qualified immunity. Because
the district court has not entered any immediately appealable order in the case, we will dismiss the

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appeal for lack of jurisdiction.
On November 25, 2000, Joseph Liberto was arrested and placed in the Shelby County Jail
in Shelby County, Tennessee. At approximately 1:30 a.m. on November 26, he was placed in a cell
of which he was the only occupant. Liberto alleges that from the time he arrived at his cell until
approximately 6:00 a.m., other inmates yelled vulgarities at him and threatened an impending sexual
assault. Sometime before 7:00 a.m., four inmates entered Liberto’s cell and sexually assaulted him.
The assailants also beat Liberto, causing severe injuries to his back, thumb, and arm. According to
Liberto, he was taunted by a deputy jailer during the attack.
Liberto brought claims under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 against Shelby County; A.C. Gilless, the
former sheriff of Shelby County; Marron Hopkins, the former jail director of Shelby County Jail;
and Jim Rout, the former mayor of Shelby County, alleging that while he was detained at the Shelby
County Jail, he was sodomized by inmates as a result of the defendants’ unconstitutional policies.
In particular, Liberto alleged that the defendants violated his Eighth and Fourteenth Amendment
rights to be free of cruel and unusual punishment and were deliberately indifferent to a known
substantial risk of serious harm to inmates at the Shelby County Jail. Liberto contends that the
defendants were on actual notice, because of prior judgments and consent orders stemming from
similar lawsuits, that the conditions in and policies of the jail created a serious risk of harm.
The defendants moved for summary judgment, but, although the answer that they had filed
in the case raised the affirmative defense of qualified immunity, the motion for summary judgment
did not. The district court dismissed the “official capacity” claims against Gilless, Hopkins, and
Rout because these claims are subsumed into Liberto’s claims against Shelby County. The court
also granted Rout summary judgment because, as mayor, he was not a prison official liable in his

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individual capacity to inmates who bring Section 1983 lawsuits arising out of jail misconduct. The
district court denied summary judgment to Shelby County, as well as to Gilless and Hopkins in their
individual capacities. The court specifically found that there was a disputed issue of material fact
as to whether Gilless and Hopkins acted with deliberate indifference to a known risk of inmate rape,
and that this was a triable question of fact for the jury. Gilless and Hopkins subsequently asked the
district court to reconsider its ruling and to grant them qualified immunity. The district court denied
the motion for reconsideration. This timely appeal followed.
In civil damage actions arising out of government officials’ performance of discretionary
functions, the officials are generally entitled to qualified immunity from suit “insofar as their
conduct does not violate clearly established statutory or constitutional rights of which a reasonable
person would have known.” Harlow v. Fitzgerald, 457 U.S. 800, 818 (1982). “The first step is to
determine whether plaintiff has shown violation of a constitutionally protected right. If the answer
is yes, then the second step is to determine whether the right is so ‘clearly established’ that a
‘reasonable official would understand that what he is doing violates that right.’” Brennan v.
Township of Northville, 78 F.3d 1152, 1154 (6th Cir. 1996) (citations omitted).
Gilless and Hopkins contend that, pursuant to Mitchell v. Forsyth, 472 U.S. 511 (1985), we
have appellate jurisdiction to review on interlocutory appeal a district court’s denial of qualified
immunity. That is undoubtedly true, provided the district court did not deny qualified immunity
because the facts necessary to determine that issue are genuinely in dispute. See Johnson v. Jones,
515 U.S. 304, 319-320 (1995) (holding that a defendant may not appeal a district court’s summary
judgment order denying qualified immunity insofar as that order determines whether or not the
pretrial record sets forth a genuine issue of fact for trial). The district court’s order in this case,

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however, does not expressly deny qualified immunity at all.
The district court’s order denying summary judgment to these defendants makes no mention
of qualified immunity, and we do not have any clear indication that the district court ever even
considered the issue. Gilless and Hopkins did not mention qualified immunity in their initial motion
for summary judgment. After the district court denied that motion, Gilless and Hopkins filed a
“Motion to Reconsider Order Denying in Part Defendants’ Motion for Summary Judgment and
Motion for Qualified Immunity.” In that motion, Gilless and Hopkins asked the court first “to
reconsider [the court’s] order denying in part and granting in part the Defendants’ motion for
summary judgment”; and, additionally, “to grant them qualified immunity in this case.” This motion
did not suggest that Gilless and Hopkins had acted within the scope of their discretionary authority,
and, in fact, the motion was nothing more than a mere recitation of their initial request for summary
judgment, with an unsupported, one-sentence request for qualified immunity added for good
measure.
The district court, although repeating the title of defendants’ motion, denied the motion
without any discussion whatsoever of qualified immunity. The court held that the motion merely
“express[ed] disagreement with the court’s prior ruling,” and that Gilless and Hopkins had not
established any of the reasons for relief available under Fed. R. Civ. Pro. 59. It is therefore unclear
whether there is any order regarding defendants’ request, such as it was, for qualified immunity.
Accordingly, we DISMISS this appeal for lack of jurisdiction.

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