Ranking Smith v. JOSEPH V. SMITH, Warden On Appeal From the United States District Court For the…

APS-292 NOT PRECEDENTIAL
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT
NO. 04-4095
________________
RANKING SMITH,
Appellant
v.
JOSEPH V. SMITH, Warden
____________________________________
On Appeal From the United States District Court
For the Middle District of Pennsylvania
(D.C. Civ. No. 04-cv-01975)
District Judge: Honorable Sylvia H. Rambo
_______________________________________
Submitted For Possible Summary Action Under Third Circuit LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6
June 30, 2005
Before: SLOVITER, FUENTES and NYGAARD, Circuit Judges
(Filed July 27, 2005 )
_______________________
OPINION
_______________________
PER CURIAM
Pro se appellant Ranking Smith, a federal prisoner currently incarcerated at the
United States Penitentiary at Lewisburg, Pennsylvania, appeals the order of the United

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States District Court for the Middle District of Pennsylvania denying his petition for a
writ of habeas corpus filed pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2241. As background, Smith was
convicted in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina of
conspiracy to possess with the intent to distribute and to distribute cocaine and cocaine
base, using or carrying a firearm in relation to a drug trafficking crime, murder in
furtherance of a continuing criminal enterprise, aiding and abetting the murder, and four
counts of distribution of cocaine base. United States v. Smith, No. CR-93-130 (E.D.N.C.
1994). On May 23, 1994, he was sentenced to a term of life plus twenty-five years in
prison. The Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit affirmed his conviction. United
States v. Smith, 77 F.3d 472 (TABLE), No. 94-5439 (4th Cir. Feb. 9, 1996).
In March 1997, Smith filed with the sentencing court a motion under 28 U.S.C.
§ 2255 to vacate his sentence. The sentencing court denied relief, and the Fourth Circuit
denied a certificate of appealability. United States v. Smith, 149 F.3d 1172 (TABLE),
No. 97-6985 (4th Cir. May 26, 1998). In 2004, Smith filed with this Court a motion for
authorization to file a successive section 2255 motion, which was denied without
prejudice to his filing the application in the Fourth Circuit Court of Appeals. In re Smith,
C.A. No. 04-2108 (3d Cir. May 21, 2004). The Fourth Circuit later denied Smith’s
motion for authorization to file a successive application for relief. In re Smith, No. 04-
181 (4th Cir. July 9, 2004).
In September 2004, Smith filed the section 2241 habeas petition at issue. In his
petition, he raised a claim based on United States v. Whiting, 771 F. Supp. 476 (D. Mass.

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1991), contending that the indictment for the murder charge was invalid because it failed
to allege a direct connection between the intentional killing and the continuing criminal
enterprise. He also claimed that he was denied effective assistance of counsel when trial
counsel failed to object to the defective indictment and when appellate counsel failed to
raise the issue on appeal. Smith further asserted his actual innocence in light of his
claims for relief. The District Court dismissed Smith’s habeas petition, concluding that
Smith had not shown that section 2255 is inadequate or ineffective such that he should be
allowed to proceed under section 2241. Smith then filed a motion to alter or amend the
judgment, adding a new claim under Blakely v. Washington, 542 U.S. 296 (2004), that his
sentence was increased based on facts found by the sentencing judge using a
preponderance of the evidence standard. The District Court denied the motion.
Smith appeals. After a careful review of the record, we conclude that the appeal
presents “no substantial question,” 3d Cir. LAR 27.4 and I.O.P. 10.6, and thus we will
summarily affirm the District Court’s judgment.
We agree with the District Court that Smith’s claims fall within the purview of
section 2255. It is well-established that a federal prisoner’s claims challenging the
legality of his conviction and sentence must ordinarily be raised in a section 2255 motion.
See In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d 245, 249 (3d Cir. 1997). Such claims may not be raised in
a section 2241 petition except in an “unusual situation” where the remedy by motion
under section 2255 would be “inadequate or ineffective.” 28 U.S.C. § 2255; In re
Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d at 251. Smith is not in the “unusual situation” contemplated by this

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Because Smith is a federal prisoner sentenced under the U.S. Sentencing1
Guidelines, his claim is better expressed in terms of the decision in Booker, which
applied Blakely to the federal sentencing guidelines. This distinction is of no moment to
Court in In re Dorsainvil. In In re Dorsainvil, the petitioner had no earlier opportunity to
challenge his conviction as being inconsistent with the Supreme Court’s decision in
Bailey v. United States, 516 U.S. 137 (1995). In re Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d at 251. Here,
Smith argued that he had no earlier opportunity to raise his Whiting claim because he was
convicted before the decisions were issued in Bailey and Bousley v. United States,
523 U.S. 614 (1998) (holding that Bailey applied retroactively to cases on collateral
review). However, Whiting was decided several years before Smith was convicted.
Smith invoked Bailey and Bousley to support his claim under Whiting, but the fact
remains that Smith could have raised his Whiting claim (as well as a separate Bailey
claim) in his section 2255 motion filed in 1997. The situation differs from that in In re
Dorsainvil, where the petitioner sought to raise a Bailey claim and had already
unsuccessfully pursued a section 2255 motion before Bailey was decided. Moreover,
Smith admitted in his section 2241 petition that he cannot meet the gatekeeping
provisions of section 2255 regarding second or successive motions, but that circumstance
does not render section 2255 “inadequate or ineffective” under In re Dorsainvil. See In re
Dorsainvil, 119 F.3d at 251.
In addition, Smith’s invocation of Blakely is to no avail. Unlike the situation in In
re Dorsainvil, the decisions in Blakely and United States v. Booker, 125 S. Ct. 738
(2005) , did not decriminalize the conduct for which Smith was convicted. See Okereke1

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the outcome of this appeal.
v. United States, 307 F.3d 117, 120-21 (3d Cir. 2002). Despite Smith’s protestation that
section 2241 is the proper vehicle for his claims in light of his assertions of “actual
innocence,” he is mistaken that section 2255 is inadequate or ineffective in his case.
We will summarily affirm the District Court’s judgment.

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