P. v. Heims

Filed 4/20/07 P. v. Heims CA2/8
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
California Rules of Court, rule 8.1115(a), prohibits courts and parties from citing or relying on opinions not certified for
publication or ordered published, except as specified by rule 8.1115(b). This opinion has not been certified for publication
or ordered published for purposes of rule 8.1115.
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA
SECOND APPELLATE DISTRICT
DIVISION EIGHT
THE PEOPLE,
Plaintiff and Respondent,
v.
PAUL JOSEPH HEIMS,
Defendant and Appellant.
B188946
(Los Angeles County
Super. Ct. Nos. BA275842, BA279191)
APPEAL from a judgment of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County.
George Gonzalez Lomeli, Judge. Affirmed.
Athena Shudde, under appointment by the Court of Appeal, for Defendant and
Appellant.
Bill Lockyer and Edmund G. Brown, Jr., Attorneys General, Dane R. Gillette and
Robert R. Anderson, Chief Assistant Attorneys General, Pamela C. Hamanaka, Senior
Assistant Attorney General, Scott A. Taryle, Dawn S. Mortazavi, Michael R. Johnsen,
and Michael C. Keller, Deputy Attorneys General, for Plaintiff and Respondent.
_________________________________

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INTRODUCTION
Appellant Paul Joseph Heims challenges the sentence imposed for his possession
of cocaine base conviction on the ground the trial court violated his right to a jury trial by
imposing the upper term. We conclude the trial court permissibly relied upon recidivism-
type factors to impose an upper term.
BACKGROUND AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY
In case No. BA275842, filed in December 2004, appellant was charged with
possessing cocaine base. The complaint also alleged he had served a prior prison term.
Appellant pled guilty and was placed on probation under Proposition 36.
In case No. BA279191, filed in February 2005, appellant was charged with
attempted possession of cocaine base. The complaint alleged a prior prison term and two
prior similar convictions. Appellant pled guilty and was placed on probation under
Proposition 36.
Appellant was arrested again on May 29, 2005. The People filed a new case
against appellant and sought to revoke his probation in case Nos. BA275842 and
BA279191. Appellant sought, and was permitted, to represent himself. After a hearing,
he was found in violation of the terms of his probation in case Nos. BA275842 and
BA279191. The court sentenced him to the upper term of three years in case No.
BA275842 and the middle term of one year in case No. BA279191.
DISCUSSION
The trial court based its choice of the upper term upon the fact that appellant was
on probation in both cases and had performed poorly on probation.
Citing Blakely v. Washington (2004) 542 U.S. 296 (Blakely) and Apprendi v. New
Jersey (2000) 530 U.S. 466 (Apprendi), appellant contends the imposition of the upper
term in Case No. BA275842 violated his right to a jury trial, in that it was based upon
facts found by the court, not a jury.

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Apprendi essentially requires any fact, other than a prior conviction, that increases
the penalty for a crime beyond the prescribed statutory maximum to be charged,
submitted to a jury, and proved beyond a reasonable doubt. (Apprendi, supra, 530 U.S.
at p. 490.) Blakely clarified that the relevant “‘statutory maximum’ for Apprendi
purposes is the maximum sentence a judge may impose solely on the basis of the facts
reflected in the jury verdict or admitted by the defendant.” (Blakely, supra, 542 U.S. at p.
303.)
In Apprendi, the court explained that recidivism was distinguishable from other
matters used to increase a sentence because (1) recidivism traditionally has been used by
sentencing courts to increase the length of a sentence, (2) recidivism does not relate to the
commission of the charged offense, and (3) prior convictions result from proceedings that
include substantial procedural protections. (Apprendi, supra, 530 U.S. at p. 488.) The
recidivism exception to Apprendi has been deemed by many courts to extend beyond the
mere fact of a prior conviction to include closely related matters, such as the nature of the
prior conviction. (People v. Thomas (2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 212, 222-223; People v.
McGee (2006) 38 Cal.4th 682, 702-706.)
Appellant’s probationary status stemmed from a prior conviction. It was part of
his criminal record, and could be determined from an examination of the court records
showing a grant of probation in each of the two cases, on a particular date, the duration of
the probation, and the date of his arrest. His probationary status did not turn on factual
matters pertaining to the recent arrest or the commission of the offenses that gave rise to
the probation. Indeed, appellant did not contest his probationary status. The
unsatisfactory quality of appellant’s performance on probation was a matter the court had
already permissibly determined when it revoked probation in both cases. Moreover,
appellant’s guilty plea in case No. BA279191 constituted an admission he attempted to
acquire cocaine base, which would necessarily have violated his Proposition 36 probation
in the earlier case, case No. BA275842. Accordingly, the factors upon which the court

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relied to select an upper term were functionally equivalent to recidivism. No jury finding
was required.1
DISPOSITION
The judgment is affirmed.
NOT TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE OFFICIAL REPORTS
BOLAND, J.
We concur:
RUBIN, Acting P. J.
FLIER, J.
1 This conclusion is unaffected by the U.S. Supreme Court’s recent ruling in
Cunningham v. California (2007) --- S.Ct. ---- [127 S.Ct. 856].

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