Baptist Memorial Hospital-Mississippi County, Inc. v. Kalyan

Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 699

ARKANSAS COURT OF APPEALS
DIVISION II
No. CV-14-450

BAPTIST MEMORIAL HOSPITAL- Opinion Delivered December 10, 2014
MISSISSIPPI COUNTY, INC. D/B/A
BAPTIST MEMORIAL HOSPITAL- APPEAL FROM THE MISSISSIPPI
BLYTHEVILLE AND D/B/A BAPTIST COUNTY CIRCUIT COURT,
MEMORIAL HOSPITAL-OSCEOLA CHICKASAWBA DISTRICT
APPELLANTS [NO. CV-2003-380]

V. HONORABLE RANDY F.
PHILHOURS, JUDGE

MADHU KALYAN, M.D. REVERSED AND REMANDED
APPELLEE

RITA W. GRUBER, Judge

This is a breach-of-contract case. The sole issue on appeal is whether substantial

evidence supports the jury’s award of damages. We hold that substantial evidence does not

support the jury’s award, and, accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s denial of appellant’s

motion for judgment notwithstanding the verdict (JNOV) and remand with instructions to

the trial court to enter judgment consistent with this opinion.

Appellant, Baptist Memorial Hospital-Mississippi County, Inc., d/b/a Baptist

Memorial Hospital-Blytheville, and d/b/a Baptist Memorial Hospital-Osceola (BMH),

recruited Dr. Madhu Kalyan, M.D., appellee, in the spring of 2002 to come to Mississippi

County, Arkansas, to practice medicine. In connection with this, the parties entered into

several agreements in May 2002, including a Physician Agreement, Promissory Note and

Security Agreement, Lease Agreement for Medical Office Building, and Lease Agreement
Cite as 2014 Ark. App. 699

for Use of Shared Physician Office Space. Pursuant to these agreements, BMH guaranteed

Dr. Kalyan monthly draws for income assistance and practice expenses in exchange for Dr.

Kalyan’s agreement to practice medicine full-time in Mississippi County. The draws were

guaranteed for two years, at which point Dr. Kalyan would be obligated to repay the total

amount advanced to him. If Dr. Kalyan continued practicing medicine in Mississippi County

longer than two years, the debt would be forgiven at a rate of twenty-five percent per year.

In July 2002, Dr. Kalyan moved with his family from the Chicago area to Mississippi County

and began practicing medicine.

On May 16, 2003, Dr. Kalyan’s attorney wrote a letter to BMH terminating the

Physician Agreement. Thereafter, Dr. Kalyan left Mississippi County and began practicing

in Fayetteville, Arkansas. BMH filed a complaint against Dr. Kalyan, alleging breach of

contract and seeking damages. Dr. Kalyan filed an amended answer and counterclaim. He

admitted in his answer that he had agreed in the Physician Agreement to repay the amount

of all advances, loans, and draws but denied that he was obligated to repay the amounts to

BMH, pleading set-off as an affirmative defense. His amended answer included the additional

affirmative defense of estoppel, pursuant to which he contended that he relied to his

detriment on BMH’s representations that there was a need for his services as a pulmonologist

when BMH knew or should have known that there was not adequate demand for his

specialty. He alleged two counts in his counterclaim: (1) BMH negligently recruited him, and

(2) BMH misrepresented material facts while recruiting him.

The case was tried before a jury on October 24–26, 2011. The parties agreed to a

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stipulation of facts, which the judge read to the jury before trial began, stating that the jury

should consider these facts to be admitted. Included in the stipulation was Dr. Kalyan’s

acknowledgment that he had received the sum of $228,350.74 from BMH under the

Physician Agreement and Promissory Note and that he had not repaid any of this amount.

The parties also stipulated to certain exhibits, including all four agreements between the

parties and a statement reflecting all amounts advanced by BMH to Dr. Kalyan, the amounts

repaid by Dr. Kalyan, and the monthly rent due, which totaled $228,350.74.

BMH presented the testimony of four witnesses, three of whom were involved in

recruiting Dr. Kalyan, who testified that, while Dr. Kalyan was recruited to practice as a

pulmonologist, they all knew that there was not sufficient need at the time for a full-time

pulmonologist in Mississippi County and, thus, they all told Dr. Kalyan that he would need

to supplement his practice with general internal medicine. The fourth witness, Debbie

Lassiter, worked for BMH as manager of planning and research. She testified that she

prepared the community-needs assessment for the area for pulmonology. The results of her

analysis indicated the need at .86 (1.0 means the need is for one full-time doctor). She

testified that the need for internal medicine in the area at the time of the assessment was 3.68.

Dr. Kalyan presented the testimony of Dr. Joe Jones, who had lived and practiced

internal medicine in Mississippi County since his graduation from medical school in 1979.

He testified that he gave his opinion to BMH that specialists needed to be affiliated with a

group and begin in the area by working part-time, such as a day a week, and build up a

practice slowly. He testified that there was not enough business in the area for a pulmonary

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specialist to make a living without spending years developing a practice. He said that he got

the impression from talking with Dr. Kalyan that Dr. Kalyan thought that he needed to

practice internal medicine in addition to pulmonology to stay busy. Dr. Jones said that he

told Dr. Kalyan this could be a mistake because few internal-medicine physicians would refer

to him for pulmonary issues if they were concerned he might keep their patient referrals for

their internal-medicine needs, too.

Phillip Koonce, a Blytheville accountant, testified that he had been Dr. Kalyan’s

accountant while he lived in Mississippi County. The essence of his testimony was that, in

his opinion, Dr. Kalyan was having financial problems.

Finally, Dr. Kalyan testified that he was board certified in internal medicine,

pulmonary medicine, critical-care medicine, and sleep medicine. He said that BMH recruited

him for a full-time pulmonary position. He testified that he was never told that he would be

required to practice internal medicine. He said that the demand was not sufficient in his area

of expertise and that he began having financial difficulties because of the insufficient number

of patients. He testified that he had other opportunities when he accepted the BMH position

that would not have required him to incur debt. He testified that he had not paid back any

of the money advanced under the Physician Agreement. He admitted that his wife, also a

doctor, wanted to move to a place where she could practice and that he began looking

elsewhere because he was not seeing the volume of patients that he needed to be successful.

Both Dr. Kalyan and his wife found jobs in Fayetteville. He signed a contract with his new

Fayetteville employer on March 26, 2003. He testified that he understood the forgiveness

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provisions of the Physician Agreement but did not think that he had to repay the money

BMH had advanced to him through draws because “there was not enough pulmonary

medicine for me to practice even if I stayed for six years.”

The case was submitted to the jury with the following three interrogatories (followed

by the jury’s responses): 1) Do you find from a preponderance of the evidence that Dr.

Kalyan breached the contract with Baptist Memorial Hospital? Yes; 2) Do you find from a

preponderance of the evidence that Baptist Memorial Hospital should be estopped from

enforcing the contract against Dr. Kalyan? No; and 3) How much are the damages Baptist

Memorial Hospital is entitled to recover from Dr. Kalyan? $46,478.38. The trial court’s

instructions to the jury included the following statement with regard to damages:

If any interrogatory requires you to assess the damages of [BMH] you must then fix
the amount of money that [BMH] proved will reasonably and fairly compensate it for
the element of damage resulting from the breach of contract. The element of damage
that [BMH] claims is the amount of money that [BMH] loaned to Dr. Madhu Kalyan.

After the trial, but before judgment was entered, BMH filed a motion for judgment

notwithstanding the verdict, contending that there was not substantial evidence to support

the jury’s award for damages in any amount other than $228,350.74. BMH argued that it

offered the amount of $228,350.74 in damages—the amount the parties had stipulated that

BMH had advanced to Dr. Kalyan under the agreements and that he admitted he had not

repaid. BMH argued that Dr. Kalyan had offered no evidence regarding damages. The court

denied BMH’s motion, and BMH appealed.

This court dismissed BMH’s appeal without prejudice on September 11, 2013, for

lack of jurisdiction because the trial court had not disposed of Dr. Kalyan’s counterclaim in

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a written order. Baptist Mem’l Hosp.–Miss. Cnty., Inc. v. Kalyan, 2013 Ark. App. 481. The

trial court entered an order dismissing Dr. Kalyan’s counterclaim with prejudice on February

24, 2014. This court now has jurisdiction to decide BMH’s second appeal challenging the

trial court’s denial of its motion for JNOV.

Our standard of review of the denial of a motion for directed verdict is whether the

jury’s verdict is supported by substantial evidence. Stewart Title Guar. Co. v. Am. Abstract &

Title Co., 363 Ark. 530, 539, 215 S.W.3d 596, 601 (2005). Similarly, in reviewing the denial

of a motion for JNOV, we will reverse only if there is no substantial evidence to support the

jury’s verdict and the moving party is entitled to judgment as a matter of law. Id. Substantial

evidence is that which goes beyond suspicion or conjecture and is sufficient to compel a

conclusion one way or the other. Cont’l Carbonic Prods., Inc. v. Cohen 96 Ark. App. 305, 310,

241 S.W.3d 296, 301 (2006).

The jury determined that Dr. Kalyan breached the contract with BMH and that BMH

was not estopped from enforcing the contract. The only question is whether substantial

evidence supports the jury’s award of damages in this case in the amount of $46,478.38.

BMH argues that it was the only party that presented evidence of damages, an amount that

Dr. Kalyan stipulated he had taken in draws and failed to repay. BMH contends that Dr.

Kalyan presented no evidence regarding damages and thus that there is no substantial

evidence to support the jury’s award of $46,478.38.

The only dollar amounts entered into evidence were the amounts that Dr. Kalyan

received from BMH in draws under the Physician Agreement, the monthly rent charged, and

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the moving expenses paid on Dr. Kalyan’s behalf. All of these amounts were set forth in a

statement, an exhibit to which the parties stipulated, which totaled $228,350.74. Although

Dr. Kalyan pleaded set-off as an affirmative defense in his answer, he presented no evidence

at trial regarding amounts that should be set-off. Indeed, in his response to BMH’s motion

for entry of an order dismissing his counterclaim, he specifically stated that he “did not

present any proof relating to damages for negligent recruitment or material misrepresentation

. . . and no instructions were given relating to damages or set-off as a result of any damages

which might have been awarded.”

The jury found that Dr. Kalyan breached the agreements with BMH. The breach

alleged, and the only breach ever argued by the parties, was that Dr. Kalyan accepted the

position to work full-time in Mississippi County; that BMH paid and Dr. Kalyan received

guaranteed draws for income assistance and practice expenses under the Physician

Agreement; that the Physician Agreement required Dr. Kalyan to repay amounts advanced

unless he practiced long enough to receive debt forgiveness; that the amount Dr. Kalyan

received under the agreements was $228,350.74; that Dr. Kalyan left Mississippi County after

ten months of practice; and that Dr. Kalyan had not repaid any of the amount he had

received from BMH. Although Dr. Kalyan presented evidence at trial that BMH should be

estopped from enforcing the contract against him, the jury found that BMH was not

estopped. Finally, he presented no evidence at trial regarding amounts that should be set off.

The evidence is uncontradicted that Dr. Kalyan received $228,350.74 in draws

pursuant to the Physician Agreement. Dr. Kalyan’s only argument that he was not required

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to repay that amount was that BMH was estopped to enforce the contract. Although he

alleged set-off in his answer, he failed to present evidence of set-off. And his counterclaim

alleging negligent-recruitment and misrepresentation was dismissed. We hold that substantial

evidence does not support the jury’s verdict. See, e.g., Coleman v. Utley, 153 Ark. 233, 240

S.W. 10 (1922).

Dr. Kalyan argues that BMH has waived the right to object to the jury’s damages

award because it failed to object to the interrogatory allowing the jury to set the amount of

damages. He cites Willis v. Elledge, 242 Ark. 305, 413 S.W.2d 636 (1967), in which the court

held that it could not consider appellant’s argument that the evidence was insufficient to

submit the issue of punitive damages to the jury where appellant failed to object to the

punitive-damage instruction. Willis is not persuasive in this case. BMH is not objecting to

the giving or failure to give an instruction on damages. It contends that substantial evidence

does not support the jury’s award. BMH argues that it requested the jury to award

$228,350.74. Whether substantial evidence would have supported some other award, more

or less than $228,350.74, is not before us. BMH argues, and we agree, that substantial

evidence does not support the jury’s award here.

Finally, Dr. Kalyan contends that BMH failed to move for a directed verdict at the

conclusion of his case on the issue of estoppel and thus has waived the right to request a

motion for JNOV. The jury determined the issue of estoppel in BMH’s favor. BMH is not

challenging the jury’s determination on that issue. BMH’s challenge is to the jury’s award of

damages.

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Reversed and remanded.

WYNNE and BROWN , JJ., agree.

Philip Hicky, II, Ltd., by: Philip Hicky II and Jessica J. Trail, for appellant.

Bearden Law Firm, by: Mike Bearden, for appellee.

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