Kernrechtsfrage
Whether the appellant's income as Kommanditist of a German GmbH & Co. KG is subject to Swiss AHV contributions as self-employment income.
Extrahierter Entscheid
Yes. Under the applicable Swiss social security rules, the participation income falls under Art. 9 AHVG in conjunction with Art. 20(3) AHVV and is contribution-bearing.
Extrahierte Begründung
The conflict-of-laws rules of VO 1408/71 lead to Swiss law; the decisive characterization of the Kommanditist position depends on German law for coordination purposes, but once Swiss law applies, Art. 20(3) AHVV covers members of a profit-oriented association without legal personality such as a GmbH & Co. KG.