Kernrechtsfrage
Whether the substitute fee for exemption from emergency duty is public-law or private-law in nature
Extrahierter Entscheid
The fee is a public-law charge based on delegated statutory authority, not a private-law claim between association members.
Extrahierte Begründung
The emergency duty serves a public health task; the cantonal law delegates organization, exemption, and substitute fee powers to the medical society for all doctors, members and non-members alike.